第二讲-代词(共13页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上代 词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、 代词的用法 数 格 人 称 单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格 第一人称wemeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称hehimtheythem she her it it 1.人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。 （1）人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.（2）宾格在句中作宾语（动词宾语或介词）。例如：They dont wan

2、t me to go there alone.Dont worry. I can look after her.（3） 人称代词作表语时，一般用宾格，但在比较正式的场合用主格。例如： Whos that? Its me.（非正式）/ Its I.（正式）注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如：It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。 人称代词s

3、he可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如： We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。 It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如：It is about 10 kilometers from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：It is not easy to learn English well. It is goo

4、d for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project. 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhi

5、sheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2 物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性主代词和形容词性物主代词。(1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2)如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词，就不用冠词、指示代词等修饰。That is her pen.（3） 与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词前。例如：his English book（4） 名词性的物主代词具有名

6、词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (5) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它

7、自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（1） 反身代词在句中常用宾语,句子的主语和宾语是同一人或物。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) Youd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配。teach oneself=learn by

8、 oneself 自学 say to oneself 心里想by oneself 靠自己 enjoy oneself 玩的开心 hurt oneself 伤着自己help oneself to 随便吃/喝 dress oneself4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictu

9、res are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如： Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, w

10、hom，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。（1）who 主格，在句子作主语、宾语、和表语。例如：Who is he？（2） whom 宾格，在句中作宾语。例如：Whom did you look for？你在找谁？（3） whose所有格，在句中作定语或表语。Whose pen is this ？Whose is this book？（4） what 在句子作主语、表语、宾语、定语。What has happened？What colour do you like best ？（5） which 在句中作主语、定语、宾语。Which book is more interesting？Which

11、 do you like better，this one or that one？6 相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。 例如：We put the presents in each other s stocking.7. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象（不指明替代任何特定的名词）， 常用的有：all,

12、each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。（1）some 和any相同点都有 一些、某些的含义不同点any多用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，用于肯定句中表示“任何一个”或“任何一些”some通常用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答的问句中。例句Do you have any brothers or sisters ？Would you like some tea

13、？（2） each 和everyeach表示一定数目中的“每一个”，强调个体；在句中作主语、宾语、同位语、定语或状语。each 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；位于复数主语之后时，谓语用复数形式。指两者或两者以上范围的“每一个”。every表示在一定数目中的“每一个”强调整体；不能与of连用。指三者或三者以上范围的“每一个”例句Teacher gave a book to each child.We each have our own car .Every child likes playing.不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词

14、不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须

15、熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。3. - Can I

16、come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者

17、以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。4. The population of China is much large than _A. this B.those C.it D.that解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。 选D。5 . - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another D.all解析：any表示任何一个。选B。He

18、said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。- Do you know the lady _ is interviewing our headmaster?- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，

19、取得好成绩！一、用适当的代词填空Help _ to some ice cream, girls.He came up with an idea at last, the idea of _ was very good.Hurry, up, theres _ time left.There is hardly _ in the basket, its empty.Lili and Coco dont know _ address. Lili has never been to Cocos home and Coco has never been to Lilys home, either.He

20、is _ a kind friend that _of us like him.He have two English novels, but he has read _ of them.I dont like the color of this jacket. Could you show me _ one?You may take _ of them, theyre both good.Dont worry. _ goes well here.二、选择最佳答案填空：1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _ of th

21、em.A. both B. each C. either D. any2. He had _milk but_ bread for breakfast.A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many3. Is there _you want to say?A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something4. A: _ are you going to visit?B: I am going to visit the Palace Muse

22、um.A. Where B. What C. Why D. When5. One should keep _ promise.A. ones own B. every C. himself D. herself三、完成句子1. Theres two apples here, you can take _（任意一个）.2. Lisa has two daughters. _(没有一个喜欢)traveling.3. _ (所有的)girls like singing.4. To say is _ (一回事), to do is _ (另一回事).5. They keep one black cat

23、 and _ (两只黑的).6. He has _ (许多) money, but he has _ (没有) friends.7. Can she speak French? _ (只会一点).8. _ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.9. _ (没人) has been reached farther than the moon.10. We looked at _ (相互) in great surprise.Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each others 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything 二、CBBAA 三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot of/much, no 7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other专心-专注-专业