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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语中考一轮语法复习-简单句、并列句和复合句 万老师【简单句的五种基本句型】1.定义：如果句子只有一个主语或者并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语动词，这样的句子称为简单句。2.基本结构共有5种，分别是：（1）. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V The children are playing happily.（2）. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+OThe Greens enjoy living in China.（3）. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起
2、来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如：（4）. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+IO+DO这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如： My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.（5）. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+
3、OC We must keep our school clean.【感叹句】What +adj.+n.+主语+谓语！How+adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语！（2015 苏州）1.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _great courage he showedA. What a B. What C. How a D. How（2015 连云港）2.- What_ programme is so attractive? - The guard of honor of the PLA are taking part in
4、the parade on Red Square. -_ exciting eventA. How a B. What an C. How an D. what a【特殊疑问句】（2014 南京）1.-_ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Army? - To learn about different styles of school uniforms.A. What B. Where C.Why D. Which祈使句（2015 盐城）Daniel, _play with the mobile phone while you a
5、re walking in the street. A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant并列句复习学案并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间不是从属关系，而是平行并列的关系。两个简单句常用并列连词连在一起。结构是：“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常用的并列连词有如下四种：类型引导连词例句联合并列句and（和；并且）I tried my best, and I caught up with him at last.我竭尽全力，最后终于赶上了他。转折并列句but（但是）It is raining hard, but I sti
6、ll go to school.雨下得很大，但是我还是去上学了。选择并列句or（或者，否则）Be careful, or you will hurt yourself.小心点，否则你会伤到自己的。因果并列句so（因此，所以）He was ill, so he went to see a doctor.他病了，所以他去看医生。注意：and常用于肯定句中，表肯定列举；or常表示选择和否定的列举，常用于选择疑问句或否定句中。1. Read this article, _ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.
7、(2014 苏州）A.or B. and C. but D. so2. Spend more time talking with your parents, _they may not well understand you. (2014 安徽）A. or B. so C. and D. but 连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫做并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又分为表示并列、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。关系连词例句并列关系and / both . and ./ not only . but also ./ neither . nor .My father is a teacher
8、 and my mother is a nurse.Neither he nor I like to see this film.Not only I but also he will stay here tomorrow.转折关系but / however / whileI like English, but I am not good at it.I am short, while my brother is very tall.选择关系or / either . or .You can read this book or that one.Either she or you are go
9、ing there with me.因果关系so / forIt was late, so I went home at once.It is morning now, for the birds begin to sing.中考语法复习专题复合句复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。从句须由一个关联词引导。一、宾语从句1. 定义：在句子做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.引导词的选择引导词引导词的作用that引导陈述句性的宾语从句，在口语中常被省略。1)在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear ,
10、feel等动词后。2) 接在某些形容词或过去分词后，如sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied。if或whether引导表示“是否”的宾从句。一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。wh-word （what, who, which，where, when，how等)引导的特殊疑问句宾语从句。它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。特别提醒：if和whether的区别：whether 与or not 的连用。 E.g.I cant say whether they can come or
11、 not on time.if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。E.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.3.宾语从句的时态：如果主句是一般现在时,从句时态根据实际情况，用相应时态；如果主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去的某一时态,但遇到客观真理,仍然用一般现在时。4.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述语序（即 主语+谓语）。当what, which, who 在从句中作主语时语序不变。 whats wrong? Whats the matter? What the trouble? What happened? 练一练： (1)-I saw
12、 David in the teachers office this morning. Do you know _he was there? - He went there to hand in his homework. (2015 南京)A. how B. whether C. when D. why(2) Excuse me, could you tell me _? (2015苏州) - In five minutes.A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will beginC. how long the film
13、has been on D. how long has the film been on(3) In the UK, a lady usually doesnt like to be asked_. A. whether has she got married B. how old is she C. where she comes from D. how much she weighs5.宾语从句的否定形式在主从复合句中，当主句的的主语为第一人称（I，we）谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想
14、”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。我想她不会和你一起来。 I _ think she_ come with you.6.特殊疑问句的宾语从句与特殊疑问词+to do的转换She didnt decide which one she would choose. =She didnt decide which one_ _.二、状语从句定义：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。一般由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。时间状语从句：as /when / while当时; after在之后; before在之前; s
15、ince自从;till / until直到; as soon as 一就（1）当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来,即主将从现。（2）till/until/notuntil肯定句：主句+ 谓语动词（延续性动词）+ until /till + 从句.否定句：主句+ 谓语动词（延续性动词/非延续性动词）+ until + 从句.（3）since“自从”，主句用现在完成时。I _(teach) English since I _ (graduate) from university. 练一练：1. Do you know_ this afternoon? (2013连云港）Im
16、not sure, but Ill tell you as soon as she _. A. how will Betty arrive; starts B .how Betty will arrive; will start C. what time will Betty will arrive; will start D. what time Betty will arrive; starts2. Many people will not realize the importance of health _they have fallen. (2013淮安）A . until B. wh
17、ile C. when D. after3. When will the railway that connects the two cities open? (2014常州） _ next year. Only two thirds _ been built.A. Until; has B. Until; have C. Not until; has D. Not until; have4. They speak perfect English. How long have you learnt it? (2013玄武模拟） _ they were seven years old. A. S
18、ince B. When C. After D. Until（4）as, when, while 表示“当时”的典型考法：when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。while则只表示一个时间段。引导从句中常用进行时态。as则强调主句和从句的动作同时进行，主句和从句动词一般用过去时;也可表示“随着”。练一练：_ he was eating his breakfast, his dog was sleeping on the floor.She sang_ she walked along.It was snowing _ we got to the airport4条件状语从句：if(如果)
19、， unless(除非)= if not 。Youd better travel around Nanjing with a local tour guide_ you want to know more about its culture.A. unless B. until C. although D. if 5目的状语从句通常由so that/in order that(以便，所以)引导。从句的谓语动词常含有may/might/can/could/will/would等情态动词。目的状语从句可与in order to do sth.互换。6 结果状语从句通常由sothat/ suchth
20、at引导。sothat “如此的以致于” 连系动词v+so+ 形容词 that 从句_.行为动词v+so +副词 so+形a(an)单数名词thatsomany/much复数名词（不可数名词）+that suchthat“如此的以致于”sucha(an)形名词单数thatsuch形复数名词不可数名词that1.(2012苏州) It was _lovely weather _we decide to spend the day on the beach.A. such a ; that B. such ;that C. such ;as D. so ;that2.中指Did you catch
21、 what the teacher said? No. She spoke so fast_ I couldnt hear her very clearly. A. which B. that C. when D. what7 原因状语从句通常由because/since/as引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强；回答由why提出的问题，只能用because回答。since 表示大家已知的事实，意为“既然”。as语气最弱。1） What shall we do now? _ its raining hard, lets stay at home. 【2011连云港】 A. So B. S
22、ince C. Though D. If8 让步状语从句通常由although/though等引导。不能与but出现在同一个复合句里。_Mike didnt win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face.(2015 上海) A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because三、定语从句.定义： 在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。放在名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为引导词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词。基本结构：先行词+关系代词+
23、 从句 。E.g. Have you found the information about famous people_ you can use for the presentation?A. that B. whose C. whom D. what3.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。定语从句根据表达的需要选用相应的时态。Tom is one of the boys who _ from the USA. (be ) 4.特别提醒：当关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略；做宾语时，可以省略。The girl_ catches the flowers on a
24、wedding will be the next to get married. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose只能用 that的情况：当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰:One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.A. what B. whoC. thatD. / 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are s
25、tanding by the gate。【课后巩固】The English-Chinese dictionary _ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A. whose B. when C. who D. that【2012江苏南京】The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A. what B. which C. who D. that(3)The old theatre will c
26、lose soon_ some extra donations are made. A. so B. if C. because D. unless (4)The First Huaguoshan International Golf Open was _ success that we enjoyed ourselves very much. A. such a great B. a such great C. so a great D. a so great(5)Good to see you again. Its almost three years_ we met last time.
27、 A. until B. before C. while D. since(6)Scientists say it may be a few years _it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. A. because B. after C. before D. since (7)The light in his office is still on. Do you know _? In order to prepare for tomorrows meeting. A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working 专心-专注-专业