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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上mendrepairrespectmeasureoccurinsistupsetprovebe divided intobe divided bybe responsible forbe in charge ofcautiouscropsalarycharitydonatesourceformpretendpreventexist paradisebe forbidden tomonitor班长，监控directlydisplaychallengeinterviewpredictmannertypical欢迎，打招呼conversationopposite-adj.h
2、and ingesturemanagementfactoroperatebutton按钮，钮扣complain专心-专注-专业positive-negative强迫某人做某事wallet=purse钱包口袋捡起return sth to sbgive back to.还回给某人junksnack零食snake蛇hut小屋fairunfairthe attitude withbe appreciated bypraisechorebe supposed tostaffstuffauthority权威，当局awful令人不愉快的remindfitpunishmentsevereunifyregul
3、arsuffersuffer from stresstake a breakpositive-negativeforce sb to do=force asb into doingwallet=purse钱包pocket口袋pick upreturn sth to sbgive back to.还回给某人junk垃圾snack零食snake蛇hut小屋fair公平unfair不公平the attitude with对.的态度be appreciated by被某人欣赏/感激praise赞扬chore杂事be supposed to被认为staff员工，全体职工stuff材料，东西authori
4、ty权威，当局awful令人不愉快的remind提醒，使想起keep fit保持健康fit合适，益处launch发射punishment惩罚severe严重的，严厉的unify统一regular规律的suffer遭受，忍受suffer from stress承受压力take a break休息一下no longer=not.any longer英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. *It se
5、emsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be dis
6、cussed again. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。except that(除了),but that(只是）, in that(因为),已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watch
7、ing so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didnt think
8、that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.Thefac
9、tisthatwehavelostthegame.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally
10、 made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 关系词在从句中的成分修饰的先行词可否省略关系代词that主语/宾语人、物作宾语时可省略which主语/宾语物作宾语时可省略who，who
11、m，whose主语/宾语/定语人作宾语时可省略关系副词When ，where，why时间状语，地点状语，原因时间、地点、原因一般可省略*限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The girl _ parents died in an ac
12、cident is living with her grandmother. The computers and cables _ make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those _ live alone or _ are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. 1) 当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,n
13、o,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all _ Ive heard from him. Hes the first person _ Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 ：从句中作_的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those girls _we have to take care. This is
14、one of those girls_we have to take care of. 3) 引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books _ there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason_he was so angry that day. *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主
15、句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 “介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer_he spent all his savings.It is written by a person _we
16、 are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时
17、间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive res
18、ponses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he
19、 is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so.that,such.that ,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus
20、to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no
21、matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English
22、fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. 练习1. It is reported that two schools, both of _ar
23、e being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. thatB. whichC. themD. those2.Jack, _ everyone can see, is an honest child. A. which B. that C. that D. as3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that4.He is readin
24、g the book _he borrowed from the library yesterday.A.whose B. whereC. whichD. as5.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which6.Do you know the speed _ the car is running? A. at which B. which C. with which D. that7.While dri
25、ving through the city, she showed me the building_she once worked as a lift operator. A.among which B.which C.inwhich D.that8.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where9.All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating thei
26、r child like a friend. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that10.The age _ children can go to school is seven. A. at which B. by which C. which D. whose11.My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. without which B. with which C. for which D. in which12.The wolves hid themselves in t
27、he places _ couldnt be found.A. which B. where C. in which D. in that13.How much do you have in your pocket?150 yuan, all of_ came from my grandma. A. whichB. themC. it D. that14.The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over 20,000.A. as B. where C. which D. why15.Ted came for the weeke
28、nd wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which16.Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as17.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my
29、 kids.A. who B. whichC. whyD. when18.By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. whichB. on whichC. thatD. above which19.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trai
30、ned. A. that B. forwhich C. which D. about which20.What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that21.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have r
31、esulted in changes in the law. A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which22.The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work.A. whichB. with whichC. in which D. whom23.The reason _ he was late for school was that he got up late.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which24.Th
32、e Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to BeijingA. why B. which C. when D. where25.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which26.I was born in New Orlea
33、ns, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose27.Since 1995, _ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the net work. A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time28.We went to th
34、e West Lake yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world A. where B. which C. that D. when29.The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before30.They talked happily about the things
35、and persons_ they remembered in the college.A. who B. which C. whose D. that.选择填空（20分）1. Frank fell over at the beginning of the race, but he was ahead of the other runners in the end.A. higher than B. longer thanC. faster thanD. more quickly than2. What a terrible rain we had last month! Yes, it ca
36、used floods and a large number of cars went wrong. A. were washed away B. broke downC. disappearedD. stopped to work3. The Shenzhen City consists of many districts, including Luohu, Futian, Nanshan and so on.A. are full ofB. are covered withC. is filled withD. is made up of4. The children should be
37、taken good care of because they are unaware of the danger around them. A. dont know about B. cant deal withC. find outD. pay attention to5. Congratulations! You have won the first prize in the Robcup Competition! Thank you. It was not easy, but we made it at last. A. deserved it B. succeeded C. caug
38、ht itD. held it6. Mike, do you know _ man with glasses next to Mr. White? He is my uncle Simon. He is _ art teacher in our school.A. the; / B. the; an C. /; the D. a; an 7. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A lot about the FIFA. But we cant watch the games _ the exams are over. A. something special; a
39、fter B. special something; beforeC. special anything; when D. anything special; until8. I think it would be better if we have more _ in our school. I agree with you. Its necessary _ us to give advice to our headmaster about this. A. man teachers; forB. men teachers; ofC. men teachers; forD. man teac
40、hers; of9. Do you know the 10th China International Cultural Industry Fair (文博会) _ last month? Yes. It attracted _ people around the world.A. held; millions B. held; million ofC. is held; million of D. was held; millions of10. What a pity! Mum doesnt let me _ in the river on my own. Shes right. Chil
41、dren should learn to protect _ from all kinds of dangers. A. to swim; ourselvesB. to swim; yourselves C. swim; themselvesD. swimming; them11. Candy is the first in the exam again. I think she is _ student in our class. So she is. And she always does her homework very _. A. the most hard-working; car
42、efulB. most hard-working; most carefullyC. more hard-working; more carefully D. the most hard-working; carefully 12. Peter, lets watch the new movie X-Men on TV, _? Id love to, but my parents dont allow me to watch TV _ on weekends. A. shall we; exceptB. will you; besidesC. shant we; except forD. wo
43、nt you; beside13. A Bite of China is _ a popular TV program that everyone talks about it these days. Yes. It shows Chinas many kinds of delicious foods and _ colourful food culture.A. too; its B. such; its C. so; it D. very; its14. Listen! Katherine is playing the violin in the music room. It _ be Katherine. She _ Shanghai for a violin contest.A. cant; has gone to B. mustnt; has been toC. neednt; has been inD. wont; has lef