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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth!知识点总结词汇过关1.v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾;废弃物 2. n. 底部;最下部 4. n. 煤;煤块 5.adj. 公众的;公共的 n. 民众;百姓 6.adj. 丑陋的;难看的 7.n. 优点;有利条件 8. v. 花费n. 花费;价钱 9.adj. 木制的;木头的 10.adj. 塑料的n. 塑料;塑胶 11. 有关系,作用,影响 12. n. 鲨鱼 13. n(.鱼)鳍 14.(短语) 割掉;砍掉 15. n. 方法;措施 16. adj. 残酷的;残忍的 17. adj. 有害的 18
2、. n. 链子;链条 19. n. 生态系统 20.adj(.数量等)减少的;低的;矮的 21. n. 工业;行业 22. n. 法律;法规 23. adj.可重复使用的;可再次使用的 24. v. 承担得起(后果);买得起 25. n. 运输业;交通运 26. v. 回收利用;再利用 27. n. 餐巾;餐巾纸 28.(短语)颠倒;倒转 29.n. 大门 30.n. 瓶;瓶子 31.n. 负责人;主席;总统 32. n. 灵感; 鼓舞人心的人(或事物 33.n. 金属 34.n. 创造力;独创性 一本单元语法复习:(1) 现在进行时(1)含义:表示正在发生或进行的动作。(2)基本结构:主语
3、+ be + 现在分词(be 的形式随主语的变化而变化)(3)基本用法:表示现在正在进行的动作。特征:常常与now或具体的时间连用,有时句中会有感官动词来提示,或通过上下文来暗示。表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等(2)现在完成时(1)含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。(2)基本结构:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (3)基本用法:表示过去发生的动作,但强调对现在产生影响。特征:不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在
4、,还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词,in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用,而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。表示一种“经历或体验”,即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。(3)被动语态 归纳如下(三种红色要求熟练掌握,其余为了解)(1)一般现在时是被动语态:am / is / are + 过去分词(2)现在完成时的被动式: have / has + been + 过去分词(3)现在进行时的被动式:am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词(4)一般过去时的被动式:was / were + 过去分词(5)过去进行时的被动式:
5、was / were + being + 过去分词(6)过去完成时的被动式:had + been + 过去分词(7)一般将来时的被动式:will / be going to be+ 过去分词(8)含有情态动词的被动式:情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。(4)情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能单独作谓语,也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。(5)used to 结构used to意为“过去常常做某事”,指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词,其中的to是不定式符号,后面
6、跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是:Did 主语use to do sth?否定式是:主语didnt use。二、重点词汇1. 词义辨析:cost/spend/take/pay 都与“花费”有关,但用法上有区别。coststh. costs (sb.) +moneyspend1. spend+ time/money on sth. 2. spend +time/money (in) doing sth.takeIt takes (sb.) time +to do sth.paypay (sb.)+money for sth. 因此,“他们花两年建造这座桥”可以表示为:They spend
7、two years on this bridge. =They spent two years (in) building this bridge.=It took them two years to build this bridge. “我花了2000块钱买这台电脑”可以表示为: I spent 2000 Yuan on the new computer. =I spent 2000 Yuan (in) buying the new computer. =The new computer cost me 2000 Yuan. =I paid 2000 Yuan for the new co
8、mputer. 2.词义辨析:take part in/join/join in/attend 这些动词或词组均含“参加,加入”之意。take part in常指参加大型比赛或活动。join特指加入党派、团体等;join sb. in (doing) sth.指“和某人一起做某事”。join in多指参加小规模的活动,如:球赛、游戏等。attend侧重参加或出席会议、学术活动、音乐会、上课等等,着重强调成为其中的听众或观众。A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。 His brot
9、her joined the army two years ago.两年前他哥哥参军。May I join in your discussion?我可以参加你们的讨论吗?Hundreds of students attended the lecture given by the famous professor.数百人参加了这位教授的讲座。3.词义辨析:turn词组 turn on打开turn around转身turn off关上turn back返回turn up把调高turn to翻到;求助于turn down把调低turn into将转变为;译成turn out原来是,结果是turn o
10、ut (to be) +adj./n.turn over翻转The experiment turned out to be a success.实验是成功的。I turned around to see who was calling me.我转过身看谁在喊我。 Please turn to Page 10. 请翻到第十页。 I have turned into a woman with strong will. 我已经变成了意志坚定的人。 She turned over and fell to sleep.她翻了翻身,睡着了。turn 还可作名词,意为“机会,轮次” 4.afford to
11、do sth.:买得起,足够支付 (affordable. adj.买得起的) We cant afford to pay such a high price.我们付不起这个价钱。5. be harmful to:对有害 =be bad for Staying up often is harmful to your health.经常熬夜对你的健康有害。 拓展:1. harm:n. 害处 2. do harm to:对有害6. at the top of:在顶端 There was not enough oxygen at the top of the mountain.山顶上缺氧。 He s
12、houted at the top of his voice in order to be heard.他尽力大声叫喊,以便别人能听见。拓展:反义词 at the bottom of:在的底端 7. take action:采取行动 The police had to take action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取行动来对付骚乱。8. throw away:扔掉;错过(机会等) Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.许多人随手乱扔香烟头。 Dont throw away this opportu
13、nity.别错失这次机会。拓展:1. throw at:扔向 2. throw about:到处扔9. put sth. to good use:好好利用某物 =take the advantage of sthIf you focus your mind on the task, your talents can be put to good use.如果你集中精神在工作上,你的才能就能好好利用起来。 10.pulldown:拆毁 pull together_ They are going to pull down the old building and replace it with a
14、 new shopping mall.他们打算把这幢旧建筑拆掉,并代之以新的商场。 11.upside down:上下颠倒 The lid, turned upside down, served as a coffee table. 那个盖子被反过来当作咖啡桌。12. bring back:归还;使想起 Your article brought back sad memories for me. 你的文章使我想起了伤心的往事。拓展:1. bring up:抚养长大2. bring in:引进3. bring forward:提出4. bring about:带来,造成 13.一词多义:work
15、 n.工作;(音乐、艺术)作品;工厂 v. 工作 He has much work to do.他有很多工作要做。(做“工作”讲,为不可数名词) The man gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.他通过印刷著名作家的作品来获得财富。(做“作品”讲,为可数名词,但常用复数)The glass works is/are near the station.玻璃厂在车站附近。(做“工厂”讲,只用复数形式,但谓语动词单复均可)拓展:英语中有些名词,单复数形式意义有差别。manner 方式,方法 manners 礼貌,礼仪 arm
16、胳膊 arms 武器 water 水 waters 海水,水域 wood 木头 woods 森林 mean意思是 means手段,方法14. 辨析:need to be done; need doing与need to do need doing=need to be done 需要被现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”,相当于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 need后加不定式,证明need为实义动词,而 非情态动词,这时need有人称和数的变化。 He nee
17、ds to get up early. 他需要早起三、重点句型 Other advantages of bike riding are that its good for health and it doesnt costanything. 解析:本句的主干是 Other advantages of bike riding are;that its good for healthanything 是由 that 引导的表语从句;其中 its good for health 和 it doesnt cost anything 是骑自行车的两个优势。翻译:骑自行车的其它好处有:有益健康而且不花钱。
18、 But do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of sharks fin soup? 解析:本句的主干是do you realize?;that youre killing a whole shark 是 realize 的宾语从句;each time youenjoy a bowl of sharks fin soup 是时间状语从句。翻译:但是你有没有意识到每次你喝鱼翅汤的时候其实是在杀害一整头鲸鱼?出题建议:确定好题型后,在关键词中输入:each time。 Many bel
19、ieve that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest intheir food chain. 解析:本句的主干是 Many believe;that sharks can never be endangered 是 believe 的宾语从句;becausetheyare the strongest in their food chain 是由 because 引导的原因状语从句。翻译:许多人相信,鲨鱼不会遇到危险,因为在它们的食物链中,鲨鱼是最强壮的。 Not only can the art brin
20、g happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hardiron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 解析:本句的主干是 Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows,主干是由 not onlybutalso连接并列句;that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity作shows宾语从句。翻译:艺术不仅仅可以给他人带来快乐,同时也表明只要有创意,即使冷硬的钢铁都可以恢复生机。专心-专注-专业