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1、动词讲解记忆主讲人：刘红星一、实义动词及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt.vi.Theystudyhard.Iknowthemwell.注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：Shesingsverywell.ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，_不变。试较：ShallIbeginatonce?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.WhendidtheyleaveChicag
2、o?Theyleftlastweek.动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作，如give,take,work,run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know,exist,be,have,appear,prove,concern,hate,dislike,like,love,surprise,include,dependon,belongto,guess,suppose，imagine,believe,doubt,admire,envy等。延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain,live,work,learn等是延续性动词，g
3、o,come,leave,start,arrive,join,finish,end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：译他离开这里三天了。误Hehaslefthereforthreedays.正Hehasbeenawayfromhereforthreedays.正Heleftherethreedaysago.正Itsthreedayssinceheleft.限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。Theroomneedscleaning.二、连系
4、动词二、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。Be：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）Iamfine.2、keep,rest,remain,stay例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysa
5、d.4、feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.5、become,grow,turn,fall（asleep）,get,go,come,run.Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达证实，变成之意，Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.（turnout表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have
6、,make使，让Let/makesomebodydosthTheteacherlets/makesthemcleantheclassroomafterschool.Makesb/sthadj.Thestorymakesmehappy.Thecolormakesitlookbeautiful.Havesomebodydosth让某人做某事Havesthdone让某物被做Mymotherhavesmemakethebed.Ihavemyhaircut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Looka
7、ttheblackboard,please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)Helooksalittletired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)Theyareatwork.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)Theyareworking.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)三、助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：HedoesntlikeEnglish.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词be(is,am,are,was,were)，have(has,h
8、ad,having)，do(did,does).*do(does,did)的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How)didyouknow?Hedoesnotsmoke.（2）加强语气。Hedidtellthat.Docomeandseeus.3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。-Youlikepopularmusic,dontyou?-Yes,Ido.HespeaksFrenchasfluentlyasshedoes.（4）用于倒装句中。Neverdidhepayattentiontomywords.OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofEnglish.（5）
9、构成否定的祈使句。Dontbesocareless.Donothesitatetocomeforhelp.情态动词Can,could,may,might,shill,should,will,would,need,dear,haveto,oughtto1.MrWang_beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.A.mustntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt2.-MustIstayathome,Mum?-No,you_.A.needntB.mustntC.dontD.maynot3.-Canyougoswimmingwithusthi
10、safternoon?-Sorry,Icant.I_takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto4.-MayIgotothecinema,Mum?-Certainly.Butyou_bebackby11oclock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrowD.maynotthrow6.-MayIgoo
11、uttoplaybasketball,Dad?-No,you_.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustntB.maynotC.couldntD.neednt7.-WhereisJack,please?-He_beinthereadingroom.A.canB.needC.wouldD.mustA.musntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt8.-Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?-Sure,butyou_helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could9.Theboysaidhehadtosp
12、eakEnglishinclass,buthe_speakitaftercalss.A.couldB.didnthavetoC.mightD.shouldnt10.John_gotherewithustonight,butheisntverysureaboutit.A.mustB.canC.willD.may11.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscantworkoutthisproblem.Soit_beverydifficult.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need12.Itsstillearly.You_.A.mustnthurryB.wouldnthurr
13、yC.maynothurryD.donthavetohurry13.Acomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot14.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,ofcourseyou_.A.mightB.willC.canD.should15._Iknowyourname?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must16.I_liketoknowwhereyouwereborn.A.shallB.shouldC.doD.may17._youbehappy!A.MightB.MustC.WishD.MayCADCBCACBDCDACACDCDACA