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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上岩土工程专业外语（硕士）一. 综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土
2、力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂1
3、3. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉砂16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25. overconsolidated soil超固结土26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.
4、zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥炭32. loess黄土33. frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cccompression index2. cuundrained shear strength3. cu/p0ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally c
5、onsolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvanecohesive strength from vane test5. e0natural void ratio6. Ipplasticity index7. K0coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and28. K0domain for effective stresses1 and29. K0nK0for normally consolidated state 10. K0uK0coefficient under
6、 rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loadingor an undrained condition 11. K0dK0coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh, kvpermeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count, standard pen
7、etration test14. OCRover-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test16. p0 effective overburden pressure 17. p sspecific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18. quunconfined compressive strength19. U, Umdegree of consolidation, subscript m denotes mean val
8、ue of a specimen20. u ,ub ,umpore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. 1,2 principal stresses, 1and2denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24. deg
9、ree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight有效重度29. density密度30. compactness密实度31. maximum dry density最大干密度32. optimum water content最优含水量33. three phase diagram三相图34. tri-phase soil三相土35. soil fraction粒组36. sieve analysis筛分3
10、7. hydrometer analysis比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation级配系数40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44. AASHO= American
11、Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcys law达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage
12、force渗透力11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土 2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. foundation design基础设计
13、10. recompaction再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homogeneous均质17. isotropic各向同性18. strip footing条基19. square spread footing方形独立基础20. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21. dead load =
14、sustained load恒载(持续荷载)22. live load活载23. short term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29. dike=dyke堤（防）30. clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土
15、35. normal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=finite element method有限元法41. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.
16、modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46. compression index压缩指数47. swelling index回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. final settlement最终沉降52. slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failure of foundation基坑失稳4bracing
17、 of foundation pit基坑围护5bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6retaining wall挡土墙7pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8dewatering method降低地下水位法9well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础-deep foundation1. pile founda
18、tion桩基础1) cast in-place灌注桩 diving casing cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel p
19、ipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 10
20、. lateral load test of pile单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity of single pile单桩竖向容许承载力14. low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.
21、silent piling静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24. final set最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pil
22、e point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35. pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile no
23、ise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理-ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel
24、 pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column水泥桩12. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表层压实法18
25、. surcharge preloading超载预压法19. vacuum preloading真空预压法20. sand wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foundation复合地基23. reinforcement method加筋法24. dewatering method降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28. coll
26、apsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation人工地基30. natural foundation天然地基31. pillow褥垫32. soft clay ground软土地基33. sand drain砂井34. root pile树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1. Terzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraons consolidation theory巴隆固
27、结理论3. Biots consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ratio (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidated soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary consolidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12.
28、 consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余
29、强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13
30、. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型-constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5. boundary
31、surface model边界面模型6. Duncan-Chang model邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8. cap model盖帽模型9. work softening加工软化10. work hardening加工硬化11. Cambridge model剑桥模型12. ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface屈服面15. elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.
32、 elastic modulus弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力-bearing capacity of foundation soil1. punching shear failure冲剪破坏2. general shear failure整体剪切破化3. local shear failure局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7. ultimate b
33、earing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力-earth pressure1. active earth pressure主动土压力2. passive earth pressure被动土压力3. earth pressure at rest静止土压力4. Coulombs earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Rankines earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析-sl
34、ope stability analysis1. angle of repose休止角2. Bishop method毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4. Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5. Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙-retaining wall1. stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2. foundation wall基础墙3. counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4. canti
35、lever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5. cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7. anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8. anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物-sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles钢桩4. wooden sheet pile木板桩5. tim
36、ber piles木桩十七. 浅基础-shallow foundation1. box foundation箱型基础2. mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3. strip foundation条形基础4. spread footing扩展基础5. compensated foundation补偿性基础6. bearing stratum持力层7. rigid foundation刚性基础8. flexible foundation柔性基础9. embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度10. net foundation pressure基底附加应力1
37、1. structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质-dynamic properties of soils1. dynamic strength of soils动强度2. wave velocity method波速法3. material damping材料阻尼4. geometric damping几何阻尼5. damping ratio阻尼比6. initial liquefaction初始液化7. natural period of soil site地基固有周期8. dynamic sh
38、ear modulus of soils动剪切模量9. dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10. liquefaction strength抗液化强度11. dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12. evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13. stress wave in soils土中应力波14. dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1. equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2. dynamic subgrade reaction
39、method动基床反力法3. vibration isolation隔振4. foundation vibration基础振动5. elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6. allowable amplitude of foundation vibration基础振动容许振幅7. natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震 1. earthquake engineering地震工程2. soil dynamics土动力学3. duration of earthquake地震持续时间4. earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5. earthquake intensity地震烈度6. earthquake magnitude震级7. seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8. maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土