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1、被动语态被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。的及物动词才有被动语态。如：如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。他打开了这扇门。(主动语态主动语态)Th
2、e door was opened.这扇门被打开了。这扇门被打开了。(被动语态被动语态)考点一：考点一： 有关被动语态的基础知识有关被动语态的基础知识1. 1. 被动语态概述被动语态概述 2被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 被动被动语态由语态由“助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。3.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 在在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
3、于下列几种情况：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This watch is made in China.这这块手表是中国制造的。块手表是中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如。如：More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树每年都应该种更多的树。(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时强调或突出动作的承受者时。如。如： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界世界上越来越多的人说汉语。上越来越多的人说汉语。(强
4、调汉语的使用广泛强调汉语的使用广泛)(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.许多许多房屋被地震摧毁了。房屋被地震摧毁了。【拓展知识点拓展知识点】 1.不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。常见不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。常见词有：词有：happen，take place，look，sound，feel，smell，taste，become等。等。如如: The story happened on a cold night.这个这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。故事发生在
5、一个寒冷的夜晚。The food tasted delicious.这种这种食物尝起来很美味。食物尝起来很美味。2.在主动语态中省在主动语态中省“to”的动词不定式，在被动语态的动词不定式，在被动语态中要加中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词。常见的有感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词等，及使役动词let，make，have。如：。如： He made the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态变为被动语态)The girl was made to stay at home.Russian is also taught in their sc
6、hool.他们学校也教俄语。他们学校也教俄语。(肯定句肯定句)The windows of our house are cleaned once a week我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。(肯定句肯定句)The windows of our house arent cleaned once a week(否定句，在否定句，在is, am, are后加后加not)Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week?(一般疑问句，把一般疑问句，把is, am, are提句首提句首)考点二考点二 ：一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在
7、时的被动语态（主语（主语+am/is/are+done）Beijing was liberated in January，1949.北京北京是一九四九年一月解放的。是一九四九年一月解放的。(肯定句肯定句)These photos were taken on the Great Wall.这些这些照片是在长城拍摄的。照片是在长城拍摄的。(肯定句肯定句)These photos werent taken on the Great Wall.(否定句，在否定句，在was, were后加后加not)Were these photos taken on the Great Wall? (一般疑问句，把一
8、般疑问句，把was, were提句首提句首)考点三：考点三： 一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态（主语（主语+was/were+done） A new school library will be built next year.一一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句肯定句)A new school library wont be built next year.(否定句，在否定句，在will后加后加not)Will a new school library be built next year?(一般疑问句，把一般疑问句，把will提句首提句首)考点四考点
9、四 ：一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态(will+be+done；am/is/are going to+be+done)A new school library is going to be built next year.一一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句肯定句)A new school library isnt going to be built next year.(否定句，在否定句，在isamare后加后加not)Is a new school library going to be built next year?(一般疑问句，把一般疑问句
10、，把isamare提句首提句首)(1)肯定句式（主语肯定句式（主语+情态动词情态动词+be原形原形+过去分词）过去分词）The computer must be repaired now.电脑电脑必须立刻修。必须立刻修。Many trees should be planted on the mountains.应该应该在山上种许多树在山上种许多树。考点五考点五 ：一般现在时带情态动词的的被动语态：一般现在时带情态动词的的被动语态(情态动词情态动词+be+done)(2)否定句式（主语否定句式（主语+情态动词情态动词+not+be原形原形+过去分词）过去分词）It can not be done
11、 by Peter.这件事不可能是彼得干的。这件事不可能是彼得干的。Waste paper should not be thrown on the road.废纸废纸不应该扔在路上。不应该扔在路上。(3)一般疑问句式（情态动词一般疑问句式（情态动词+主语主语+be原形原形+过去分词）过去分词）Must the trees be watered now?这些这些树必须现在浇水吗树必须现在浇水吗？(4)特殊疑问句式特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(不作主语不作主语)+情态动词情态动词+主语主语+be原形原形+过去分词过去分词When can my computer be repaired?我的电脑
12、什么时候能修好？我的电脑什么时候能修好？特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(作主语作主语)+情态动词情态动词+be原形原形+过去分词过去分词What must be done next?下一步该做什么？下一步该做什么？1.Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earths surface _ by water. (黄石黄石)A. covers B. coveredC. cover D. covered2.Students do less homework now. Usually it _ before 9 oclock in t
13、he evening. (重庆重庆)A. finishes B. finished C.is finished D. was finishedBC3.More chances _ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.(泰安泰安)A. provide B. are provided C. provided D. will provide4.We are going to take the high-speed train to Xian tomorrow, so an early arrival at the st
14、ation_. (河南河南)A. advises B. is advised C.is advising D. was advisedBB5.Waiter, Id like some Ningbo Dumplings.Sorry, sir. Ningbo Dumplings _only for lunch and dinner. (湖北随州湖北随州)A.serve B. served C. are served D. are serving6.(安徽安徽)When the baby dog _, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. (安徽安
15、徽)A.is found B. was found C.has been found D. will be found CB7.Football _ to our school subjects last year. (陕陕西西)A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added8.(重庆重庆)Mom, where is my model plane?Oh, it _ to Jenny yesterday. (重庆重庆)A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lentCC9.Chinas 23rd Beidou Satellite_ into space on June 12, 2016.As Chinese, we are proud of it. (湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A. has sent B. is sent C. will send D. was sent10.Last year, five Chinese teachers _ to a school in the UK to teach the British students in Chinese style for four weeks. (江苏镇江江苏镇江)A. was sent B. were sent C. have sent D. sentDB