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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上单词导学案1选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity核心单词1. distinctionn. 差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对加以区分win a distinction for 因而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地联想拓展distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in .from . 在某方面与不同（as）distinct from . 与不同（的）He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘
2、画天赋。You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。 高手过招翻译句子 There is a distinct possibility that shell be your teacher next term.Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. 2. meansn. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）常用结构：by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by ever
3、y means 用尽一切可能的办法易混辨析 means/way/method means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。 way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。 method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。a way to do sth.a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做的方法in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种些方法by the way 顺便问一下 on one s way to . 在
4、去的路上in the way 挡住路温馨提示means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport.请另外找一种运输方式。Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。
5、She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。高手过招(1)单项填空 May I have a look at your book . （201001江苏南京检测）A. By this means B. By all meansC. By this way D. By any means（2）翻译句子 这绝非解决问题的良计。他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。3. majority n. 大多数；大半 A/The majority of doctors agree that smo
6、king is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数联想拓展major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minority adj.&n. 少数；少数民族；未成年高手过招(1)单项填空Every means been tried and all well now.A. have; go B. h
7、as; goC. has; goes D. have; goes（2）完成句子 English speakers form the (大多数) of the population.(3)用适当的介词填空Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are the majority. They had a large majority the other party at the last election. (4)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空The majority of people (prefer) peac
8、e to war.The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.4. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现常用结构：occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事it occurs to sb. that . 某人想到Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上
9、了。易混辨析 happen/occur/take place happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。 occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。New things are happening all around us.新事物在我们周围不断发生。 The explosion occurred at 5:30 . 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。When will the basketball game take place 篮球赛何时举行 高手过招单项
10、填空It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A Happened B. occurred C. thought D. took place5. indicatevt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。Research indicates that men find it easier to
11、give up smoking than women.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。常用结构：indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意联想拓展indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 高手过招完成句子 The government has (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.A flashing red light (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.There is eve
12、ry (表明) of a change in the weather.6. live on 继续存在；继续生存She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。联想拓展live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准 live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象live a. life 过着的生活 高手过招用live的相关短语填空 The lonely old man charity.
13、 Mozart was dead but his music .My grandfather both world wars.We should work hard and try to our parents expectations.The brave girl is learning to her disability.单词导学案2选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity7. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那
14、两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。高手过招完成句子 He (与某人一起合作) his brother in the doubles. 8. mark out划线；标出的界线They marked out the tennis court with white paint.他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。联想拓展mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事 mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标
15、出；提高的价格 mark in加画；绘入Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。He marked the book down to 49 cents.他把书的标价降为49分。 高手过招翻译句子 他被选定担当更高的职位。我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。9. take in包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗The students find it easy to take in what you te
16、ach. 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。 联想拓展take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆起昔日take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take over 继承；接收，接管 take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置take one s time 不急，慢慢干 高手过招用take的相关短语填空 Don t be by his promises.Who do you th
17、ink will now that the governor has been dismissed These boxes of yours are too much space. I was really when seeing old photos. Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin.Tom carefully what the teacher said.7. a great/good many 相当多，很多典例 It all happened a good many years ago. 这发
18、生在很多年前。重点用法a great/good manya large number ofscores ofdozens ofmany/few修饰可数名词复数many a 修饰可数名词单数a good/great deal ofa large/great amount of large amounts of much / little / a little修饰不可数名词a lot of = lots ofplenty ofa large/great quantity of = quantities ofa supply of = supplies of可数名词复数/不可数名词练习 根据句子的要
19、求翻译。1). I ve known her for _ _ _ (很多) years.2). I imagine if one day I had _ _ _ _ (很多) money, I would go traveling round the world. Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of 阅读导学案3选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity重点句子1. California is the third largest state in the
20、USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。解释 形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。练习 翻译句子。1). 黄河是中国第二长河。 _2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。 _2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。解释 what
21、we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，应该用what。注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的宾语)That our
22、team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)There are many books available. I don t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)What book do you want to buy (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)练习 根据句子的意思填词。1). This is _ he wanted.2). This is the thing _ he wanted.3). She is no longer _ she used to be.
23、4). She is no longer the person _ she used to be.重点句型10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the
24、 thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。联想拓展名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。What he said sounds reasonable.他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)That our team has won the game has been proved.已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)There are many books available. I do
25、n t know which to read.有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)What book do you want to buy你想买哪种书(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)高手过招选词填空（that/what） This is he wanted. This is the thing he wanted.She is no longer she used to be. She is no longer the person she used to be.答案： what that what that阅读导学案4选修 8 Unit 1 A
26、 land of diversity课文要点（模块）Questions of the text to the tape and find out the main idea. The text mainly introduces _ of California. It describes _ happening in various times. It also tells us _, _ and _ different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us
27、 _why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21st century. is there strong Spanish influence in California _A. Because there were many Spanish staying in California.B. Because Spanish was one of the settlers living there.C. Because the local people loved Spanish culture.D. Because Califo
28、rnia was once ruled by Spain.课文佳句背诵与仿写 1.【原句】You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 你们想必都很清楚，正是这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。 句子结构：be aware that + it is that强调句2【原句】Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala qu
29、ickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。 句子结构：分词状语， + 主句 + with + 3. 【原句】Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。句子结构：主句 + V-in
30、g分词作状语+宾语从句 + 分词作定语课文词汇等填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：California is the _1_(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _2_ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in _3_ we now know as California. Now there are more Nat
31、ive Americans _4_ in California than in any other state. California _5_(统治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish _6_（影响） in the state. People began _7_（settle） in California when gold _8_(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _9_（
32、国籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a _10_（mix） of many culture写作训练 请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。 世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。 另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。 (写作要求) 1标题；Social Customs between Americ
33、ans and Chinese 2必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。 3将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。答案: Social Customs between Americans and Chinese Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regard
34、ed as quite impolite to do so. Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.语法导学案5 名词性从句选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,
35、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句的用法一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意:
36、连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注:if不可用来引导主语从句）二. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识(2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears
37、that 似乎(4) It is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:判断: It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whet
38、her you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window宾语从句的用法：句子结构：主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句连接词:从属连词that, whether, if 连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 where, how, why, when一. 连词 (引导词)1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思,
39、 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 Jane said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting.2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just nowI dont remember when we arrived3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to know
40、 if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city 注意: 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下： A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如: It all depends (on)