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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2013新版八年级上册（Units110）英语基础知识单元分类 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、词组、短语：专心-专注-专业1、go on vacation去度假 ，2、 stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 ，4、 go to the beach到海边去，5、visit museums 参观博物馆，6、go to summer camp 去夏令营，7、 quite a few 相当多， 8、study for为学习，9、go out 出去，10、most of the
2、time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间，11、taste good 尝起来味道好，12、have a good time玩的开心，13、of course当然可以， 14、feel like感觉像/想要,15、 go shopping购物，16、in the past 在过去，17、walk around绕走，18、too many 太多（可数名词前面），19、because of 因为， 20、one bowl of 一碗,21、find out 查出来/发现 ，22、go on继续，23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up an
3、d down上上下下， 26、come up出来 二、重要句子（语法）：Where did you go on vacation?你到哪里去度假了？I went to New York City.我去了纽约城Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？ No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不，没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。Did you buy anything special?你买了什么特别的东西吗？ Yes, I bought something for my father.对，我给父亲买了一些东西。How
4、was the food? 食物怎么样？ Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃。Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.对，一切都很精彩。1. 习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有There was nothing much to do in the evening but read
5、.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing st
6、h. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事四、词语辨析：1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处
7、，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我好像感冒了。It seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the
8、 museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.decide on sth. 选定某物，decide on doing sth.选定做某事。I decide on the red hat. This summer I decide on taking a trip to Guizhou.choose 选择，choose to do sth. 选择做某事4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以
9、下几种情况不能用begin .1) 创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2) 机器开动： I cant start my car.3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 6
10、. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复
11、数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.1. What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天啊!2. Still on one seemed to be bored.然而没有人看起来很厌倦。3. I wonder what life was like here in the
12、 past我想知道在过去这儿的生活是什么样子。4. Everything was great/ wonderful/ good /excellent /nice.一切都那样的好。5. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。6. It was raining hard.雨下得很大。7. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.由于这个坏天气，我们不能看见下面的任何东西。8. The food tasted great becau
13、se I was so hungry!因为我是如此的饿，食物尝起来很好。9. But the next day was not as good. 但是，第二天就没有那样好了。10. The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill.从山顶上看，这个城市棒极了。11. We didnt have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带伞，所以，我们全身又湿又冷。Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、词组、短语：1、help with housework 帮助做家务活，2
14、、go shopping 购物，3、on weekends 在周末， 4、how often 多久一次，5、hardly ever几乎不，6、once a week 每周一次，7、twice a month每月二次，8、go to the movies去看电影， 9、every day 每天10、use the Internet上网/用网，11、be free有空，12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 ，13、swing dance摇摆舞 14、play tennis 打网球， 15、stay up late熬夜，16、at least至少， 17、go
15、 to bed early 早睡， 18、 play sports 锻炼身体，19、be good for 对有好处，20、go camping去野营，21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间，22、not.at all 根本不， 23、the most popular 最流行， 24、such as例如， 25、go to the dentist去看牙医，26、more than 超过/多于，27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。 28、 hard=difficult 困难的 ， 29、less than 少于/不到二、重要句子（语法）：I go to
16、the movies maybe once a month.可能一个月看一次。How often does he watch TV? 他多久看电视一次？He hardly ever watches TV.他几乎不看电视。Do you go shopping? 你购物吗？ No, I never go shopping.不，我从来就不购物。1. Here are the results.下面就是结果2. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.我们发现仅仅百分之十五的学生每天锻炼。3. We al
17、l know that many students often go online, we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.我们都知道很多学生经常上网，我们很吃惊他们中有百分之九十的人每天上网。4. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏节目依然是最受欢迎的。5. It is good to relax by using the Inter
18、net or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.通过上网或看游戏节目来放松很好，但是我们认为最好的放松方法还是通过锻炼。by , through 介词表示通过某种方式+动词ing 和名词。 the best way to do sth.6. Its healthy for the mind and the body.对思想和身体都很健康。7. So start exercising before its too late!开始锻炼，为时不晚。三、习惯用法、搭配1. help s
19、b. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about? =What about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？ 3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少. 5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现 6. Its + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说，做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. Whats your favo
20、rite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式四、词语辨析1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
21、how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3. How come？ 怎么会？
22、 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但
23、人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. 发现某人正在做7. percent 百分数，
24、基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of the rice is good.8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语
25、。Im afraid（ we cant come here on time.） be afraid 在这里是接了从句。 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth. I am no
26、t afraid to talk with the foreigner. 我不害怕和外国人交流。10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next w
27、eek. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?Unit 3
28、 Im more outgoing than my sister一、词组、短语：1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，2. as.as.与一样，3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛，4. the most important最重要的，5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋，6. the same as与相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注， 8. be different from与不同，9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子， 10. as long as只要；与一样长11. bring out显示/显出
29、， 12. get better grades取得好成绩，13. reach for伸手达到/达到 14. touch ones heart 感动，15. in fact 事实上， 16. make friends交朋友，17. be good at 在某方面成绩好，18. the other另一个，19. be similar to 与相似， 20. be good with与和睦相处二、重要句子（语法）：bad / badly/ill worse many / much more-most good / well better -bestoldolder/elder oldest/elde
30、st far farther / further farthest/furthest little less-least1. play better than somebody 比某人打得更好2. sing more loudly clearly than somebody 唱得比某人更大声清楚3. run faster than somebody 跑得比某人更快4. jump much a little higher than somebody跳得比某人高得多 高一点儿5. work much a little harder than somebody工作比某人努力得多努力一点儿(much,
31、 a little, a lot 修饰形容词比较级表示程度深浅)6. be much less hard-working 更不努力得多 be much more hard-working努力得多7. get up earlier than somebody比某人起得更早 work as hard as somebody和某人一样工作努力8. be as friendly as somebody和某人一样友好9. the singing competition yesterday昨天的唱歌比赛10. sing so well唱得如此好 Which one?哪一个？11. the one with
32、 shorter hair留着更短的头发的那一个 with 带有表示伴随的状态12. want to win想赢 The most important thing is tolearn something new 最重要的事情学新东西13. have cool clothes穿漂亮衣服 be talented in （doing）something在某方面有天赋14. do the same things as somebody (do) 和某人做一样的事情15. be the same as somebody和某人一样 truly care about somebody真正地关心某人16.
33、make somebody laugh让某人大笑 a good listener一个好的倾听者17. enjoy studying together喜欢一起学习 be different from与不同18. help to bring out the best worst in somebody帮助显现出某人身上最好的最坏的品质19. get better at something doing something变得擅长于做20. be better at something doing something than somebody比某人更擅长于21. broke my arm把我的手臂弄
34、折了22. feel better感到更好了 talk about and share everything谈论和分享一切23. be similar to与相似 a friend who is similar to me与我相似的一个朋友24. a friend who is different from me与我不同的一个朋友25. weekend student helper周末学生助手 primary school小学26. have a good grade in English有很高的英语分数 get more information获得更多信息必背句子1.Sam has long
35、er hair than Tom. = Sams hair is longer than Toms. Sam 的头发比Tom的长2.Im taller now than I was 2 years ago = I was shorter 2 years ago than I am now.现在的我比两年前更高3.I study harder now than I did 2 years ago. 现在的我比两年前学习更努力了。4.I studied harder 2 years ago than I do now.两年前的我比现在学习更努力。5.Who is smarter, your mot
36、her or your father?谁更聪明，你的老爸还是老妈？6.My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.妈妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。7.Thats why I like reading books.那就是我为什么喜欢读书。8.I think friends are like books you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good.我认为朋友像书，只要是好的就不必需要太多。9.Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.我很害羞
37、，所以交朋友对于我来说不容易。10.Its not necessary to be the same.没有必要一样。11.I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我不太关心朋友是否与我一样。12.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.真朋友在你需要是帮助你，打动你。13.In fact, shes funnier than anyone.事实上，她比任何人都更幽默。14.In what ways are you differe
38、nt?你们在哪些方面不同？15.Is he different from you in any way?在某方面他与你不同吗？16.Shes always there to listen.她总是准备着倾听。17.Huang Lei isnt as good at tennis as Larry. Huang Lei打网球不如Larry。三、习惯用法、搭配1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样 as friendly as 4. be good at doing sth
39、擅长做某事5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是的语法：Is Tom smarter than Sam? 汤姆比萨姆更聪明吗？No, he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom. 不是，萨姆比汤姆更聪明。Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? Tara比Tina更开朗吗？No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. 不是，Tina比Tara更开。Are you as friendly as your
40、sister? 你与你的姐姐一样友好吗？No, Im not. Im friendlier.不是，我更友好。Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Tara与Tina一样学习认真吗？ Yes, she does.是的。Whos more hardworking at school? 在学校谁更勤奋？Tina thinks she works harder than me. Tina认为她比我更努力。四、词语辨析laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all
41、 laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。thoug
42、h conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt, though. 语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容
43、词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er
44、，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost import
45、antmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：双音节副词的比较级一般在前加 more/最高级在前加 most：more loudly, clearly, quietly/ most clearly, quietly, loudly. 但是，friendly 和healthy是形容词他们 的比较是：f