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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语被动语态讲解一、 被动语态的构成：动作承受者+助动词be（各种时态）+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作发出者）1. That boy breaks the glass. The glass is broken by that boy.二、 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1. We request visitors not to touch the exhibits.(do) Visitors _ not to touch the exhibit
2、s (by us).( am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时被动语态)2.The boss gave me ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. (did)I _ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer (by the boss). （ was/were done 一般过去时被动语态）3.People will/shall lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.(will/shal
3、l do) Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.(will/shall be done) The city is going to hold the winter Olympic Games.(be going to do ) The winter Olympic Games_ by the city.(be going to be done ) The cat is about to catch the mouse when I come in.(be about to do) The mouse _ by the cat when i come
4、in.(be about to be done) I am to buy a car in the coming month.(be to do) A car _ by me in the coming month.(be to be done) (will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to +be done)一般将来时被动语态引申:People would/should/ were going to/were about to/were to send the news to soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.
5、The news _ the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.4.We have completed all the preparation for the task. (have done) All the preparations for the task _ by us.(have been done) (have been done)现在完成时被动语态5. By the end of last year, Beijing had completed another new gym.(had done) By the end of last y
6、ear, another new gym _in Beijing.(had been done) (had been done)过去完成时被动语态6. We will have completed the project before September.(will have done) The project _ before July(will have been done). (will have been done)将来完成时被动语态7. The city is building a new cinema here.(be doing) A new cinema _ here by t
7、he city.(be being done) (be being done)现在进行时被动语态8.They were holding a meeting when I was there.(be doing) A meeting _ when I was there.(be being done) (be being done)过去进行时被动语态三. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby-sitter should take good care of the baby.The baby _by the baby-sitter.2)有
8、些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He _by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy _a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch,
9、notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger _ into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。We put off the meeting till Friday.The meeting _ till Friday.四、 It is said tha
10、t+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbedonethat从句”或“主语bedoneto do sth.”。有：It is said that/It is said to do 据说,It is reported that/It is reported to do据报道，It is believed that/It is believed to do大家相信，It is hoped that/It is hoped to do大家希望，It is w
11、ell known that/It is well known to do众所周知，It is thought that/It is thought to do大家认为，It is suggested that/It is suggested to do据建议。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，
12、sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.六、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1 在need，
13、want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；The picture-book is well worth reading3. I have a lot of things to do this afternoon 4. 形容词不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossi
14、ble，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interesting to work out .七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1). In some parts of the
15、world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being paint
16、ed B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided5). The manager was happy to learn that the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were b
17、ooked D. have been booked6. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. Developed B. have developed C. are being developedD. will have been developed 7. The new bridge _ by the end of next month.A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. Wi
18、ll have been designed 8.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt 9. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written10 - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read11. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked专心-专注-专业