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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上黄金笔记2初三上学期英语第二单元单元语法:宾语从句(一)、感叹句全解:宾语从句(一)考情分析:海南省近几年中考、模拟考都几乎有一道考察宾语从句的单项选择题,考生要十分注意此知识点。宾语从句还可以在阅读中以长难句的形式出现。一、概念什么叫宾语?宾语也叫受词,它是动作的承受者。比如I love you的you就是承受love这个动作的承受着。宾语在句中的哪个位置?1.一般放在及物动词后面。如:Our team beat all the others.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。2.有时为了强调,宾语也可以放在句首,如:Two weeks you shall have .
2、你可以有两周的时间。3.名词作宾语。Face the facts!面对现实!4.代词作宾语。They wont hurt us.他们不会伤害我们5. 数词作宾语。If you add 5 to 5, you get 10如果你把5和5相加就会得到10二、宾语从句的用法:宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。三、宾语从句结构:1、主句+ that(无词义,可省略)+从句(陈述句语序)2、主句+ whether / if (是否)+从句(陈述句语序)3、主句+疑问词+从句(陈述句语序) 【将在第三单元讲解】四、宾语从句的引导
3、词:引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类。1、that 引导的宾语从句:原句如果是陈述句,变宾语从句时要用 that 引导,that 无实义,只起到引导的作用。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。如:(1)I think (that) I can sell newspapers.我想我可以卖报纸。(2) I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete.我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。 (3) Do you think (that) the children need to write.你认为孩子们需要写一首歌吗?(4)Maria says (that) s
4、he doesnt like the uniforms. 玛丽亚说她不喜欢校服。2、whether/if引导的宾语从句(weather是天气的意思,不要和whether搞混)原句如果是一般疑问句,变宾语从句时要用whether /if 引导,whether /if意为“是否”。如: (1)I want to know whether / if people will leave as soon as they finish eating in western countries. 我想知道西方国家的人是否是一吃完饭就离开。 (2)Could you tell me if /whether it
5、s polite to speak loudly at the table ? 你能不能告诉我吃饭时大声讲话是否有礼貌?(3) I dont know if/whether you are right. 我不知道你是否正确。注意:whether/if 引导的宾语从句用法区别:用whether /if “是否”引导的宾语从句,通常情况下whether /if 可以互换。但以下情况 whether 不能 用if 换。(1) Whether后面紧跟有or not时。如:I dont know whether or not it rains. 我不知道是否会下雨。(2) whether 引导主语从句位
6、于句首首时。如:Whether they will go by air or by train hasnt decided. 他们是乘飞机去还是乘火车去还没有定下来。 (3) whether 用在带有to的动词不定式之前。如:Please tell us whether to go or stay. 请告诉我们是去还是留。(4) 有些动词 (如:discuss) 后面只能跟whether,不能跟if。 如:We discussed whether we should let him join our team. 我们商量是否让他加入我们队。 (5) whether 可以与虚词it连用,并可引导
7、不定式,但if 不能这样用。 如:Its not clear whether he will be able to come。他是否会来还不清楚练习:1.-Do you know _ to raise money? -Yes.We can have a food festival. A.what can we do B.what we can do C.what will we do2.She asks _ she can use this pen. A.that B.weather C.whether3Do you know _?Yes. Its on your table.A. where
8、 my dictionary is B. where is my dictionaryC. when I bought my dictionary4.We dont know _ we can go or notA.whether B.if C.that5.Tom said _ he wanted to be a teacher in the futureA.if B.that C.whether全解:感叹句考情分析:海南省近几年中考、模拟考都几乎有一道考察感叹句的单项选择题,考生要十分注意此知识点。一、概念什么叫感叹句?表示人体喜怒哀乐,末尾有“!”的句子。二、做题方法(针对选择题):一断二
9、辨三确定:构成感叹句的感叹词有两个:what和how,其基本结构是:1)What(a/an)+形容词+名词(主语+谓语):2)How形容词(或副词)(主语+谓语)很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如:_coldwaterthisis!AHowBWhat如果我们采取“一断二辨三确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。 “一断”就是在句中的名词(或形容词、副词等)与代词(或名词)之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开(因this是指示代词),_cold waterthisis!“二辨”就是断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性。句中断线前的词是water,而water是名词
10、。“三确定”就可迅速选择如果是名词就选what,形容词/副词就选how。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断:_colditis!断开线其前cold是形容词,故应填How。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法,即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意,如果断开后,断线前的那个中心词【就是这句话(这段话)紧紧围绕着进行论述的词】是单数可数名词,千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a(an)。练习:1. sweet music it is! And I really like the Voice of China TV programs.A.Wha
11、t B.What a C.How D.How a2._ honest man he is!A. WhatB. What an C. How D. How an3. funny the joke is! It makes us smile from ears to ears.A.What an B.What C.How an D.How4.A number of people _ killed by the terrorists at the Urumqi train station._ terrible it is!A. were; How B. was; How C. were; What
12、D. was; What5. _ nervous the girl is!She can hardly say a word in the speechA.What a B.How C.What 6.Look at Miss Wus bag. _ nice it is!A.How B.What C.What a阅读技巧:细节理解法在解答的时候,首先我们要浏览一遍问题,看清问题需要理解什么细节,然后有选择地在文中找出相对应的段落、句子或短语,认真分析与理解,最终确定正确答案。答案一般能直接在原文中找到。例: Twenty minutes passed and it was still raini
13、ng. There were hours to go before we reached the campsite (野营地). It was even worse that our small compass (指南针) showed that we went to the wrong way. We had lost our way!We had to make a quick decision as it was raining heavily. Chris said we could set up a tent to hide in, so Mary and Tom helped to
14、 set up the tent. Chris and I tried to make a fire to keep us warm.Question:1.It was even worse that they _A.had no picnic B.lost their wayC.couldnt light the fire D.couldnt know each other2.Chris suggested that they should _ in the rainA.set up a tent B.reach the campsiteC.keep singing D.find a pla
15、ce to hide解释:由第一段It was even worse that our small compass (指南针) showed that we went to the wrong way. We had lost our way!可知他们迷路了,选B从Chris said we could set up a tent to hide in可知,是建议搭帐篷,选A方法总结:做细节理解题一定要细心,找准答案区间,理解英语句子才能选对。重点词法1. be similar to 与相似2. 现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内曾经延续进行或目前仍在继续并有可能一直继续下去,强调动
16、作持续进行的状态。常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用。其结构为have/has been+动词的现在分词。如课本里面的句子:chinese people have been celebrating (现在完成进行时,表示中国人吃月饼的习俗从古到今一直延续着并有可能一直继续这个习俗下去)the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.3. Steal sth from从偷某物4. lay out 摆开,布置5. the tradition of意为的传统6. admire sb/sth欣赏某人/某事;admire
17、sb for(doing)sth因(做)某事佩服某人7. as a result意为结果,因此;as a result of 意为因为,由于,相当于because of8. treatas把当作9. dress up 装扮;dress up as装扮成,as后面接表示角色职业等名词;dress up in意为穿上,后接表示衣服或颜色的名词10. hate to do sth/hate doing sth讨厌做某事11. on business 因公出差12. warn sb(not)to do sth告诫某人(不要)做某事;warn sb of/against (doing)sth意为告诫某人
18、当心/提防某事13. remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事;remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起某人/某事;remind+that从句14. be scared of sth害怕某事某事;be scared to do sth害怕做某事15. change ones life改变某人的生活16. promise sb to do sth承偌某人做某事17. in need处于困境中18. the beginning of的开始19. play a trick on sb戏弄某人20. make money 赚钱单元话题作文本单元的写作话题是介绍某个传统节日或写出自己
19、最喜欢的节日。具体写作中,首先应介绍节日的名称及庆祝节日的时间;然后重点介绍人们在节日期间的活动;最后可简单谈谈自己的感受。实例:假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Jim对中国传统文化很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封不少于70词左右的电子邮件,按下面要求介绍一下中国的传统节日春节。开头和结尾已给出。要求:春节是一个传统节日及其时间。简要介绍人们在春节到来之前的活动。主要介绍人们在春节期间的活动。你的感受。 Dear Jim, I am very glad to tell you something about Chinese Spring festival. 范文:Chinese Spring Fest
20、ival celebrating the of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes,
21、 often visit fris and relatives or together eat dumplings, fish, meat and other delicious food. The children are looking forward to receiving red envelope money, and together they play each other the fireworks, with happy. Street with dragon and lion dance and some other carnival activities, will held the grand Spring Festival .译文:中国的春节庆祝冬天的结束和温暖春天的来临。它开始于农历年的最后一天,结束于农历正月十五,也就是元宵节。在春节期间,人们用红灯笼和春联装饰房子,穿上各式各样的彩色衣服,经常拜访亲戚朋友或聚在一起吃饺子、鱼、肉和其他美味的食物。孩子们盼望着收到红包的压岁钱,他们一起放烟花,相互玩的跟开心。大街上有舞龙、舞狮和其他一些狂欢活动,中央电视台会举行盛大的春节联欢晚会。专心-专注-专业