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1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3自学导引新知初探自学导引新知初探Step One：Words and Phrases.词汇知识词汇知识1._ (n.)约见；约会约见；约会2._ (n.) 童年；儿童时代童年；儿童时代3._ (n.) 片刻；瞬间片刻；瞬间4._ (n.) 战斗；战役战斗；战役5._ (adj.) 民间的；国民的；国内的民间的；国民的；国内的appointmentchildhoodinstantbattlecivil6._ (n.) 基础；根据基础；根据7._ (adj.) 附近的；周围的附近的；周围的8._ (adj.) 陡峭的；险峻的陡峭的；险峻的9._
2、 (n.) 习语；成语习语；成语10._ (adj.) 低级的低级的11._ (n.) 人类人类12._ (vt.) 战胜；克服战胜；克服13._ (vt.) 理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧basissurroundingsteepidiomjuniormankindovercomegrasp14._ (v.) 审查审查15._ (adj.) 不合法的不合法的16._ (vt.) 投入投入17._ (n.) 生活；存在生活；存在18._ (adv.) 不断地不断地19._ (v.) 弯腰；倾身弯腰；倾身20._ (v.) 犹豫；踌躇犹豫；踌躇inspectillegalcommi
3、texistenceconstantlybendhesitate.重点短语重点短语1.make _编造编造2.make _假称；听出；看出假称；听出；看出3.go _detail(s) 讨论，细谈讨论，细谈4.speak _大声地说；自由而大胆地说出大声地说；自由而大胆地说出5.sit _坐直坐直6.turn _翻转翻转7.pay _得到好结果；取得成功得到好结果；取得成功upoutintoupupoveroff Step Two：Read the text and fill in the blanks.Title：The Road to SuccessNameWang JunyanOccup
4、ationA 1._Reasons for successBeing 2._Working hardBelieving in what was 3._presentercurioustrueNameWang JunyanHer mothers influenceTelling her to be interested in mankind and 4._Working hard to 5._ her through schoolnaturesupportNameWang JunyanAfter 6._ from universityBecoming a reporter for a local
5、 7._Being asked to 8._ an illegal businessWinning an 9._ for her reportWhat she liked most about her jobIts interesting and 10._.graduatingnewspaperinspectawardchallenging要点透析讲练互动要点透析讲练互动1 make up 组成；捏造，虚构；补偿组成；捏造，虚构；补偿,偿还偿还,化妆，整理；和解化妆，整理；和解(教材教材P24)Make up information about yourself.编写你自己的信息。编写你自己的
6、信息。归纳拓展归纳拓展make up ones mind 下决心下决心make up for 弥补，补偿弥补，补偿make sense 讲得通，有道理讲得通，有道理be made up of 由由组成组成助助记记23 students make up a class.A class is made up of 23 students.23个学生组成了一个班级。个学生组成了一个班级。The boy made up a story.这男孩编了一个故事。这男孩编了一个故事。I tried to make up for my loss.我力图补偿我的损失。我力图补偿我的损失。He came to th
7、e US and not only made it but made it big.他来到美国，不仅仅成功了他来到美国，不仅仅成功了,而且还发达了而且还发达了.Most women make up.妇女大多数都化妆。妇女大多数都化妆。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)He _(编造一个故事编造一个故事)to explain why he was absent.(2)We must _(弥补弥补)for the lost time.(3)A car _(组成组成) many different parts.made up a storymake upis made up of2 make o
8、ut 假称；理解，了解；听出假称；理解，了解；听出(教材教材P24)Make out you understand something when you dont！假装你懂得某事，而实际上你并不懂！假装你懂得某事，而实际上你并不懂！归纳拓展归纳拓展work out 解出，计算出，制订出解出，计算出，制订出figure out 合计为，计算出，解决，领会到合计为，计算出，解决，领会到turn out 结果是，证明是结果是，证明是break out (战争、火灾等战争、火灾等)突然发生突然发生come out 出来，出版，总计出来，出版，总计give out 用完，耗尽，精疲力竭用完，耗尽，精疲力
9、竭leave out 遗漏遗漏let out 发出，泄露发出，泄露bring out 阐明阐明He makes out he is younger than me.他声称比我年轻。他声称比我年轻。She makes herself out to be smarter than she really is.她说自己多聪明，未免言过其实。她说自己多聪明，未免言过其实。He made out what she was saying and turned away.他明白了她在说什么，转身走开了。他明白了她在说什么，转身走开了。I can hardly make out his writing.我几乎
10、辨认不出他的笔迹。我几乎辨认不出他的笔迹。To my surprise，it turned out that I was wrong.让我吃惊的是，最后竟是我错了。让我吃惊的是，最后竟是我错了。He let out a cry of disbelief.他突然满腹疑惑地大叫了一声。他突然满腹疑惑地大叫了一声。学以致用学以致用翻译句子翻译句子(1)I could hardly make out anything in the thick fog._(2)I couldnt make out what the road sign said._在浓雾中我几乎什么也看不见。在浓雾中我几乎什么也看不见。
11、我不明白路标的意思。我不明白路标的意思。名师微博名师微博make out 的宾语放在的宾语放在out前后都可以，但当前后都可以，但当宾语是代词时，应放在宾语是代词时，应放在out之前之前。3 speak up 大声说大声说(教材教材P24)Speak up and express yourself clearly.大声清楚地表达你自己的意思。大声清楚地表达你自己的意思。归纳拓展归纳拓展speak of 谈到；论及谈到；论及speak highly/well of 对对评价很高评价很高speak badly/ill of. 说说的坏话的坏话speak out 大胆地说，畅所欲言大胆地说，畅所欲言
12、Please speak up; we cant hear you.请大声说话，我们听不清。请大声说话，我们听不清。If you do know the answer，speak up so everyone can hear you.如果你确实知道答案，就大声说出来，使人如果你确实知道答案，就大声说出来，使人人都能听到。人都能听到。His friends and colleagues were very sad，not to speak of his parents.他的朋友和同事都很悲伤，更不用说他的父他的朋友和同事都很悲伤，更不用说他的父母了。母了。Dan speaks highly o
13、f you.丹对你评价很高。丹对你评价很高。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)他谈到了他在法国的学生时代。他谈到了他在法国的学生时代。He _his student days in France.(2)那就没有人会为你说话了！那就没有人会为你说话了！You will have no one to _you!spoke of speak up for 4 appointmentn. 预约；约会预约；约会(教材教材P24)I turned up for the appointment five minutes late，so I walked straight in and sat down.
14、我约会迟到了五分钟，因此我直接走进去，我约会迟到了五分钟，因此我直接走进去，坐下了。坐下了。归纳拓展归纳拓展have an appointment with sb.与某人有约会与某人有约会by appointment 经事先约定经事先约定make an appointment 约定时间；预约约定时间；预约break an appointment 违约，失约违约，失约keep an appointment 守约守约appoint vt. 约定约定(时间等时间等)，任命，任命appoint sb.as/to be. 任命某人为任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事委派
15、某人做某事appoint sth.(for sth.) (为某事为某事)确定确定(日期、日期、场所等场所等)易混辨析易混辨析appointment，dateappointment通常指与人谈生意或与通常指与人谈生意或与医生等事先约定的见面。医生等事先约定的见面。date恋人间的恋人间的“约会约会”。I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon.我已经约好今天下午去看牙医。我已经约好今天下午去看牙医。If you want to see the doctor，youd better make an appointment with hi
16、m in advance.如果你想见医生，最好事先跟他预约好。如果你想见医生，最好事先跟他预约好。It looks as if I wont be able to keep the appointment we made.看来我不能如期赴约了。看来我不能如期赴约了。Lets appoint a time for the meeting.让我们约定一下开会的时间。让我们约定一下开会的时间。Who shall we appoint as chairperson?我们选派谁担任主席呢？我们选派谁担任主席呢？学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)The president _(任命任命)a new d
17、irector.(2)Lets _(约定约定)a day to have dinner together.(3)The doctor sees patients only _(预约预约)appointedappointby appointment(4)We _(约会约会)to get together with Evan and Debbie for New Years Eve.made a date5 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的周围的；附近的(教材教材P25)The town has many surrounding farms.这城镇四周有许多农场。这城镇四周有许多农
18、场。归纳拓展归纳拓展surroundings n环境；周围的事物环境；周围的事物surround vt. 包围，围绕包围，围绕be surrounded with/by 被被围绕围绕The lake mirrors the surrounding trees.湖面上映出了周围的树木。湖面上映出了周围的树木。You should take surroundings into consideration.您必须考虑到周围环境的问题。您必须考虑到周围环境的问题。The president was surrounded by a large group of reporters.总统被一大群记者包围了
19、。总统被一大群记者包围了。易混辨析易混辨析surroundings，environmentsurroundings 专指自然环境，从周围的专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。事物这一客体着眼。environment可指自然环境，也可指精可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境给人的神环境，均从环境给人的感受、道德及观念的影响感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。所以我们说，美丽着眼。所以我们说，美丽的的surroundings，幸福的，幸福的environment。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子这个孩子是在美丽的自然环境中长大的，但这个孩子是在美丽的自然环境中长大的，但却缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。却缺
20、少一个幸福的家庭环境。The child grew up in a beautiful _but not in a happy home _surroundingsenvironment6 grasp vt. 领会；理解；抓住，握紧领会；理解；抓住，握紧 n抓抓住；理解住；理解(教材教材P26)She said she chose to be a journalist because it is important that people grasp what is going on around them.她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是很重要
21、的。事是很重要的。归纳拓展归纳拓展have a good grasp of 深刻了解深刻了解within/beyond ones grasp 为某人力所能及为某人力所能及/不及不及in the grasp of 在在掌握中掌握中He grasped me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂。他抓住我的手臂。I could not grasp her meaning. 我不懂她的意思。我不懂她的意思。I still dont grasp how it works.我还是没有明白它是如何运转的。我还是没有明白它是如何运转的。I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓住她的手
22、。我抓住她的手。She has a good grasp of the English language.她精通英语。她精通英语。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)他德语语法掌握得很好。他德语语法掌握得很好。He has a _of German grammar.(2)我们觉得这个建议难以理解。我们觉得这个建议难以理解。We find _(3)我们还没有充分理解所发生事情的重要意我们还没有充分理解所发生事情的重要意义。义。good grasp the idea difficult to graspWe did not fully _of what had happened.grasp th
23、e meaning 7 pay off 得到好结果；取得成功得到好结果；取得成功(教材教材P26)This paid off because she won an award for the report. 这些努力得到了回报，因为那篇报道她获奖这些努力得到了回报，因为那篇报道她获奖了。了。归纳拓展归纳拓展pay v付款；付钱给付款；付钱给(某人某人)pay back 报答，偿还报答，偿还(借款借款)，归还，报复，归还，报复pay up 全部付清全部付清pay for 付钱，支付付钱，支付pay out 付付(钱钱)，出钱，出钱Ill pay him off for treating me l
24、ike that.他那样待我，我早晚要报复的。他那样待我，我早晚要报复的。Did your daring plan pay off?你那项大胆的计划成功了吗？你那项大胆的计划成功了吗？He paid the doctor and paid for his medicine too.他酬谢了医生，并付了买药的钱。他酬谢了医生，并付了买药的钱。I lent her some money last month but she forgot to pay back.上个月我借给了她一些钱，但她忘还了。上个月我借给了她一些钱，但她忘还了。I will take you to court unless y
25、ou pay up immediately.除非马上还清欠款，否则我和你打官司。除非马上还清欠款，否则我和你打官司。学以致用学以致用用用pay off,pay back，pay for的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)How much did you _the dictionary?(2)You should _the money you borrowed from me.(3)With the help of a lot of people，our plan has _pay for pay back paid off8 existence n. 存在；存活存在；存活(教材教材P26).an
26、d she said that although there wasnt much glory in a reporters existence,she found it interesting and challenging. 她说作为记者虽然没有很大的荣耀，但她说作为记者虽然没有很大的荣耀，但是很有趣，很有挑战性。是很有趣，很有挑战性。归纳拓展归纳拓展(be) in existence 存在存在(的的)，现存，现存(的的)go out of existence 消失消失come into existence 出现；产生出现；产生bring.into existence 使使出现出现/产生产
27、生put.out of existence 使绝灭，杀死使绝灭，杀死The new country came into existence in 1949.那个新国家于那个新国家于1949年成立。年成立。There was a fear that the club might go out of existence for lack of support.人们担心这个俱乐部会因缺乏支持而关闭。人们担心这个俱乐部会因缺乏支持而关闭。The organization was brought into existence ten years ago. 这个组织这个组织10年前就存在了。年前就存在了。
28、学以致用学以致用1.完成句子完成句子(1)There is _(没证据表明水的没证据表明水的存在存在)on other planets.(2)The United Nations _(1945年诞生年诞生) no evidence of the existence of watercame into existence in 1945(3)Pollution _(使许多物种灭绝使许多物种灭绝)2.用用 exist 和和 existence 填空填空(1)The blue whale is the largest creature that has ever _on the earth.(2)T
29、he organization has been in _for 25 years. put many species out of existenceexistedexistence9 beneath adv. 在底下在底下 prep.在在下面下面(教材教材P26).I still feel like Im turning over stones to see what might be hiding beneath！ 我还常常觉得好像自己是在翻开那些石我还常常觉得好像自己是在翻开那些石头，去看看下面藏着什么东西！头，去看看下面藏着什么东西！They live on the floor be
30、neath. 他们住在楼下。他们住在楼下。The book lay beneath a blanket of dust.书籍被厚厚的灰尘覆盖。书籍被厚厚的灰尘覆盖。易混辨析易混辨析beneath，below，underbeneath在在正下方，两正下方，两者接触，与者接触，与on相对。相对。below不强调在正下方，不强调在正下方，两者不接触，与两者不接触，与above相对。相对。under强调在正下方，两强调在正下方，两者不接触，与者不接触，与over相对。相对。学以致用学以致用用用under，below，beneath填空填空(1)The earth lay _a blanket of s
31、now.(2)My brother is in the class _mine.(3)She sat in the shade _a tree.beneathbelowunder10 turn over (使使)翻转；调转；仔细考虑；翻转；调转；仔细考虑；移交；交给移交；交给(教材教材P26)Today when Im looking for stories,I still feel like Im turning_over stones to see what might be hiding beneath!现在每当我寻找新闻故事的时候，还常常觉现在每当我寻找新闻故事的时候，还常常觉得好像自
32、己是在搬起那些石头，去看看下面得好像自己是在搬起那些石头，去看看下面藏着什么东西！藏着什么东西！归纳拓展归纳拓展turn against 转而反对；使转而反对；使反对反对turn away 不理睬；拒不接受不理睬；拒不接受turn down 拒绝；把拒绝；把(收音机等的音量收音机等的音量)开小开小turn out 关掉关掉(电灯或煤气电灯或煤气)；结果是；结果是turn to 查阅查阅(某书某书)；求助于；求助于；找找(某人寻求帮助等某人寻求帮助等)；变成；变成turn around 转回身；把转回身；把往回开往回开turn back 翻回；使往回走翻回；使往回走turn in 交交(上去上去
33、)；交给；交给(警察警察)turn into 变为；使变为；翻译变为；使变为；翻译in turn 轮流，反过来轮流，反过来turn up 出现出现Turn over or your back will get sunburnt.翻过身去，不然你的后背要被阳光灼伤的。翻过身去，不然你的后背要被阳光灼伤的。He turned the new idea over in his mind.他仔细地考虑了这种新想法。他仔细地考虑了这种新想法。To whom should we turn over the key when we leave here？ 在离开这里时，我们把钥匙交给谁呢？在离开这里时，我们
34、把钥匙交给谁呢？They offered her the job but she turned it down.他们给了她那份工作，但她拒绝了。他们给了她那份工作，但她拒绝了。学以致用学以致用用用turn的短语完成句子的短语完成句子(1)Lets not wait any longer，he might not _at all.(2)The French pianist who had been praised very highly _to be a great disappointment.turn up turned out (3)Faced with all the difficult
35、ies，the girl _her mother for comfort.(4)You should _your paper in three days.(5)I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than _my parents.turned to turn in turned to 1 (教材教材P24)The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就站起来她一停止问问题，我就站起来,走出了房间走出了房间.句法分析句法分析
36、 句中句中the instant 引导时间状语从引导时间状语从句，表示句，表示“一一就就”。Please telephone me the instant you know the result.请你一知道结果就给我打电话。请你一知道结果就给我打电话。归纳拓展归纳拓展常见的表示常见的表示“一一就就”的方式还有以的方式还有以下几种：下几种：(1)the moment(that)，the minute(that)，the second(that)(2)as soon as(3)immediately，instantly，directly等副词等副词(4)on(upon)名词或名词或v.ing形式形
37、式(5)no sooner.than.，hardly.when.，scarcely.when.(前一分句用部分倒装，并前一分句用部分倒装，并和过去完成时连用和过去完成时连用)The moment she saw it，she began to cry.她一见到它，就哭起来了。她一见到它，就哭起来了。I want to see him the minute(that)he arrives.他一来我就要见他。他一来我就要见他。The students stopped talking the second the headmaster appeared.校长一出现，学生们就不说话了。校长一出现，学生
38、们就不说话了。He left as soon as he heard the news.他一听到这事儿就走了。他一听到这事儿就走了。Ill tell him as soon as I see him.我一见到他就告诉他。我一见到他就告诉他。注意：注意：once用来连接一个表示时间的状语从用来连接一个表示时间的状语从句，相当于句，相当于as soon as.如：如：Once you have made up your mind，you shouldnt change. 你一旦作出决定，就不应当改变。你一旦作出决定，就不应当改变。Once seen，it can never be forgotte
39、n.见一次就永远不会忘记。见一次就永远不会忘记。I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一看见她就立刻认出她来了。我一看见她就立刻认出她来了。Directly the teacher came in，everyone was quiet.老师一进来，大家就都安静了。老师一进来，大家就都安静了。On arriving home I discovered the burglar.(On my arrival home I discovered the burglar.)我一到家就发现家中有小偷。我一到家就发现家中有小偷。On (my) asking for
40、information I was told I must wait.我一打听，得知我还得等着。我一打听，得知我还得等着。No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. (He had no sooner arrived than he was asked to leave again.)他刚到就被支走了。他刚到就被支走了。Hardly had I got to the station when the train left.我刚到火车站，火车就开走了。我刚到火车站，火车就开走了。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)The
41、 pain disappeared _(立即立即)(2)Helen started to laugh _(一一就就)she came in.instantly/immediately/directlythe instant/moment/minute/second(3)她每次来这儿总是带来一些贵重的东西。她每次来这儿总是带来一些贵重的东西。_she came here，she always brought some valuable and expensive things.(4)他一到就来见了我。他一到就来见了我。He came to see me _he arrived.Every time the minute 温馨提示温馨提示请做课时作业请做课时作业5 Unit 14 Section