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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。Everyone respects him.He is respected by everyone.被动语态的构成：助动词be + vt.pp （时态通过be表现出来）1 常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do 为例1) 一般现在时 am is are +done（93）In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A.
2、 is serving B. is served C. serves D. served (04上海) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded（08湖南） Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the
3、 salary.A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered 2) 一般过去时 was were +done （89）I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given(05北京) Why did you leave that position?I _ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C. am offer
4、ed D. was offered（05上海）More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sentB. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent（07全国）The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell （08重庆） He _ as a national hero for winni
5、ng the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded3) 现在进行时 am is are + being done (2001春) A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built（06重庆）Ihave to go to
6、work by taxi because my car _at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired（08浙江卷） Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested（09江苏）- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer
7、for a while this afternoon?- Sorry. .A. It s repaired B. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired(09湖南）Would you please keep silent? The weather report_and I want to listen.A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 4) 过去进行时 was were +be
8、ing done That road was being widened this time last year. 5) 一般将来时will be + done（2001春）Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. lost D. will lose（06北京） Your job open for your return.Thanks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept（08北京卷） No decision about
9、any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 6) 过去将来时would be +doneMary told us that a short play would be put on at the party.（06湖南） In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting th
10、e table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held7) 现在完成时have / has been +done（2000北春）All the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed (03北春) How long _ at this job?- Since 1990. A. were yo
11、u employed B. have you been employed B. had you been employed D. will you be employed (04) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated（07北京）I got caught in the rain and my suit_.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruin
12、ed D. had been ruined（08安徽）I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught（09全国卷I ）His sister left home in 1998, and_since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC .had not heard of D .has not heard of8) 过去完成时had been
13、+done (2001上春) The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed（2003上春）By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been comple
14、ted （07江苏）At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached9) 将来完成时 （(04北京) The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A has been completed B. has completed C. will have
15、 been completed D. will have completed 注意：被动语态没有完成进行时，也没有将来进行时态。如遇这类时态的主动变被动，改用现在完成时或一般将来时。We have been discussing the problem for two days.This problem has been discussed for two days.2 被动语态的否定式和疑问式否定式：在be 后加notThis problem hasnt been discussed.疑问式：将be移至主语之前Are you often asked to do this work?3 被动语
16、态的用法：1) 不知道动作的执行者（这时不带by 短语）His bike was stolen yesterday.2) 由于某种原因没必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者I was told you were late this morning.Such books are written for children.3) 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by引起的短语）Food is needed by every living thing. This school is run by the trade union. 4) 有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排Th
17、ey are going to build a library building here next year. It is going to be built right beside the office building.( 若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板)4.主动形式、被动意义的动词1) 英语中有些动词，用作vt.时，是主动形式，主动意义；但用作vi.时，是主动形式，被动意义，表示事物本身的性质。这些动词有：sell, open, close, wash, last, cut, measure, lock, read, write ,etc.Oil burns easily.Th
18、e door wont shut.This poem doesnt translate well.The stone cuts easily.This kind of cloth washes well.(94) Do you like the material?-Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt(99上海) Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold2) 不及物动词及短语的被动含义某些只能作不及物动词的词（包括一些短
19、语动词），如happen, fall, break out, take place, add up to等，其主动形式含有被动含义 The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937. Their debts added up to 36,000 francs.3) 表示状态特征的联系动词，如look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, etc的主动形式表示被动含义Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.4）动词 need, want , require作“需要”解释时，后接
20、动名词的主动形式表被动含义。 The classroom wants cleaning. 5） be worth doing 结构中的doing为主动形式被动含义。The film is well worth seeing.6） 用在某些作表语的形容词后，不定式的主动形式表被动含义。The machine is easy to operate.5. Get passive 结构 （一般用于口语或非正式语体）Get型被动语态由起助动词作用的get +及物动词的过去分词构成。这种结构一般只适用于动态动词，常用来表示某些未曾预料到的突发事件，强调动作的结果eg. get hurt get marri
21、ed get burnt get caught get lost get broken etc.They got lost in the forest.You might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.(98) Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay(2000) As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friend.A. separ
22、ated B. spared C. lost D. missed (2002北) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn(02北春) How are the team playing? - Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were（04全国）Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 专心-专注-专业