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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语代词的用法讲解及练习题1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4 常见不定代词的一般用法；5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代词的基本用法；7. 疑问代词的基本用法。8. 关系代词的基本用法。【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格。2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格
2、作主语，宾格作宾语。I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him？（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door？ -Its me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以.He is older than me. He is older than I am.二 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to s
3、ee us. This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here， and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours？ （作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. , Have you finished yours？ （作宾语）三。 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物
4、或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物I had a cold. . Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为
5、了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。Hello！ This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？四。 反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词， 也有人称之为自身代名词，反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一
6、个人或一些人。He called himself a writerWould you please express yourself in English？2. 作表语It doesnt matterIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词
7、叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接 不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look！ Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接 不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。If you have any questions， pleas
8、e ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea？3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture？I cant see any. If you have no money， Ill lend you some.注意：与some， any结合的词如something， somebody， someone， anything， anyone， anybody在肯定句、否定句、
9、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some， any的用法相同。2. few， a few， little， a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： 用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个 few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点l ittle不多，没有什么Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends. They had little money with them
10、.2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry. （修饰形容词hungry）Let him sleep a little. （修饰动词sleep）Mary， go a little faster， please. （修饰副词比较级）She slept very little last night.3. other， the other， another， others， the others的区别。1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Where a
11、re his other books？I havent any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one 。.， the other 。.”句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old ， the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“othe
12、rs”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成 “some ， others.”句型。Some went to the cinema， others went swimming.This coat is too large. Show me some others， please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 oclock， but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English， the others are Chines
13、e.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.You can see another ship in the sea， cant you？Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one？6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another. 4. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，
14、也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）= We all like Mr Pope. （作同位语） All the water has been used up. （作主语）Thats all for today. （作表语） Why not eat all （of） the fish？ （作宾语）All the leaders are here. （作定语）2）both作代词。 与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They
15、 both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents？ Theyre both fine.与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michael has two sons. Both are clever.I dont know which book is the better， I shall read both.3）both用作形容
16、词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates. 六 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another？ （作宾语）We
17、often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）七 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow？ （作主语） What is that？ （作表语）Whose umbrella is this？ （作定语） W
18、hom are you waiting for？ （作宾语）八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who， whose， whom， that， which. 它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语。 在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如： I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved， he went on
19、with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster？ 练习 1.Mary， please show _ your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me2. -Whats on TV tonight？ Is there _ interesting？-Im afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。3. _ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each4.-Where is my pen？ -Oh， sorry. I have taken _ by mistake.A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers专心-专注-专业