《激光术语中英文对照讲解(共13页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《激光术语中英文对照讲解(共13页).doc（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：（光电产业及资讯服务网站）Laser GlossaryABLATION: The removal of material or tissue by melting, evaporation, or vaporization.ABSORB: To transform radiant energy into a different form, usually with a resultant rise in temperature.ABSORBANCE: The ability of a
2、medium to absorb radiation depending ontemperature and wavelength. Expressed as the negative common logarithm of the transmittance.ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT: The amount of radiant energy absorbed per unit or path-length.ACTIVE MEDIUM: A medium in which lasing will take place, rather than absorption, at
3、 a given wavelength.AFOCAL: Literally, “without a focal length”; an optical system with its object and image point at infinity.AMPLIFICATION: The growth of the radiation field in the laser resonator cavity. As the light wave bounces back and forth between the cavity mirrors, it is amp stimulated emi
4、ssion on each pass through the active medium.AMPLITUDE: The maximum value of the electromagnetic wave, measured from the mean to the extreme; put simply, the height of the wave. (See drawing under )ANGLE OF INCIDENCEANGSTROM UNIT: A unit of measurement for a wavelength of light (written ?, equal to
5、one ten billionth of a meter (10-10 meter). Occasionally still used.ANODE: An electrical element in laser excitation which attracts electrons from a cathode. An anode can be cooled directly by water or by radiation.AR COATINGS: Anti-reflection coatings, used on the backs of laser output mirrors to s
6、uppress unwanted multiple reflections which reduce power.AUTOCOLLIMATOR: A single instrument combining the functions of a telescope and a collimator to detect small angular displacements of a mirror by means of its own collimated light. OECR.com Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.A
7、XIAL-FLOW LASER: The simplest and most efficient of the gas lasers. An axial 光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：（光电产业及资讯服务网站）flow of gas is maintained through the tube to replace those gas molecules depleted by the electrical discharge used to excite the gas molecules to the lasing state. (Se
8、e .”)AXIS, OPTICAL AXIS: The optical center-line for a lens system; the line passing through the centers of curvature of the optical surfaces of a lens.BEAM BENDER: Hardware assembly or optical device, such as a mirror, capable of changing laser beam direction; used to re-point the beam and in “fold
9、ed,” compact delivery systems.BEAM DIAMETER: The diameter of that portion of the beam which contains 86% of the output power.BEAM EXPANDER: Optical device increasing beam diameter and reducingdivergence. Result: A smaller focused spot for more distance between lens and part.BEAM SPLITTING: Optically
10、 splitting a laser beam into two or more beams,allowing work on more than one side of a part at the same timebut at somewhat less power than with a multiple-output beam system.BREWSTER WINDOWS: The transmissive end (or both ends) of the laser tube, made of transparent optical material and set at Bre
11、wsters angle in gas lasers to achieve zero reflective loss of vertically polarized light. Non-standard on industrial lasers, but a must if polarization is desired.BRIGHTNESS: The visual sensation of the luminous power of a light beam, as opposed to scientifically measured power of the beam.CALORIMET
12、ER: An instrument which measures the heat generated by absorption of the laser beamanother way to measure laser power.CATHODE: The element providing the electrons for the electrical discharge used to excite the lasing medium.CO2 LASER: A laser largely used in industry in which the primary lasing med
13、ium is carbon dioxide.COAXIAL GAS: Most laser welding is done with a shield of inert gas flowing over the work surface to prevent plasma oxidation and absorption, to blow away debris, and to control heat reaction. The gas jet has the same axis as the beam so the two can be aimed together. OECR.com O
14、ffering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.COHERENT LIGHT, COHERENT RADIATION: Radiation composed of wave trains vibrating in phase with each other. Simply expressed: parallel rays of light.COLLIMATED LIGHT: Divergent light rays rendered parallel by means of a lens or other device, allowing
15、 a sharp image of the object to be focused at the focal plane of the lens.COLLIMATION: The process by which divergent rays (white, or natural, light) are converted into parallel rays (coherent light).CONVERGENCE: The bending of light rays toward each other, as by a positive (convex) lens.CURRENT SAT
16、URATION: Maximum flow of electric force in a conductor; in a laser, the point at which further electrical charge will not increase lasing action.CW: The continuous-emission mode of a laser, as opposed to pulsed operation.DEPTH OF FIELD: The working range of the beam, a function of wavelength, diamet
17、er of the unfocused beam, and focal length of the lens. To achieve a small diameter spot size, and thus a high power density, a short depth of field must be accepted.DIVERGENCE: The angle at which the laser beam spreads in the far field; the bending of rays away from each other, as by a concave lens
18、 or convex mirror.DRIFT, ANGULAR: All undesirable variations in output (either amplitude orfrequency); angular drift of the beam, measured in milliradians before, during, and after warm-up.DUTY CYCLE: The length of time the laser beam is actually cutting, drilling, welding, or heat-treating, as comp
19、ared to the entire work cycle time.ELECTRIC VECTOR: The electric field associated with a light wave and having both direction and amplitude. Commonly represented by a line with an arrowhead.ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE: A disturbance which propagates outward from an electric charge which oscillates or is ac
20、celerated. Includes radio waves; X-rays; gamma rays; and infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light.EMISSIVITY, EMITTANCE: Rate at which emission takes place; the ratio of the radiant energy emitted by a source or surface to that emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature. 光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：（
21、中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：（光电产业及资讯服务网站） OECR.com Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.ENHANCED PULSING: Electronic modulation of a laser beam to produce high peak power at the initial stage of the pulse. This allows rapid vaporization of the material without heating the surrounding area. Suc
22、h pulses are many times the peak power EXPOSURE: A measure of the total radiant energy incident on a surface per unit area; radiant exposure.FAR-FIELD IMAGING: An imaging technique with solid-state lasers that hasseveral limitations: non-uniform energy distribution, very short working distances, and
23、 poor control of hole geometry.FLASHLAMP: Source of powerful light; often in the form of a helical coil and used to excite photon emission in a solid-state laser.FLEXOGRAPHY: A printing process involving laser-engraved, seamless rubber plates.FLUORESCENCE: The glow induced in a material when bombard
24、ed by light.Brewster windows of fused silica fluoresce in UV light, increasing absorption of laser radiation and degrading laser mode and output.FLUX: The radiant, or luminous, power of a light beam; the time rate of the flow of radiant energy across a given surface.FOCUS: Noun: The point where rays
25、 of light meet which have been converged by a lens, giving rise to an image of the source. Verb: To adjust focal length for the clearest image.FOCAL POINT in laser work, the focal point of the beam relative to the work surface has a critical effect, such as the depth and shape of drilled holes. When
26、 the focal point is at the surface, holes are of uniform diameter. When the focus is below the surface, conical holes are drilled.FOLDED RESONATOR: Construction in which the interior optical path is bent by mirrors mounted on corner blocks bolted into pre-aligned position, permitting compact packagi
27、ng of a long laser cavity.FREQUENCY: The number of light waves passing a fixed point unit of time, or the number of complete vibrations in that period of time.GAIN: Another term for amplification, usually referring to the efficiency of a lasing medium in attaining a population inversion. High gain i
28、s typically more than 50% per pass of the light wave between cavity mirrors. OECR.com Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.4 光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：（光电产业及资讯服务网站）GAS DISCHARGE LASER: A laser containing a gaseous lasing medium in a glass tube in which a constant flow
29、 of gas replenishes the molecules depleted by the electricity or chemicals used for excitation. The discharged gas can be filtered and 90% recycled for economy.GAS JET ASSIST: An assisting coaxial gas, such as oxygen, argon, or nitrogen, which may be used to achieve very high power levels for cuttin
30、g certain metals.GAS TRANSPORT: A laser design which generates very high beam power within a fairly small resonator structure. Long electrodes parallel the axis and gas is circulated across the resonator cavity.GAUSSIAN: The “normal curve,” or normal distribution, an example of which is the symmetri
31、cal bell shape of the holes created by the uncorrected, unfocused laser beam in its optimum mode. A Gaussian laser beam has most of its energy in the center.HAZ: Heat-Affected Zone, or the area where laser beam and metal (or other) surface are in contact.HELIUM-NEON LASER: (“HeNe”), Laser in which t
32、he active medium is a mixture of helium and neon, which is in the visible range. Used widely in industry for alignment, recording, printing, and measuring, it is also valuable as a pointer or aligner of invisible CO2 laser light.HEAT SINK: A substance or device used to dissipate or absorb unwanted h
33、eat, as from a manufacturing process (or, with lasers, from reflected rays).HERTZ: The approved international term, abbreviated Hz, which replaces CPS for cycles per second.IMAGE: The optical reproduction of an object, produced by a lens or mirror. A typical positive lens converges rays to form a “r
34、eal” image which can bephotographed. A negative lens spreads rays to form a “virtual” image which cant be projected.INCIDENT LIGHT: A ray of light that falls on the surface of a lens or any other object. The “angle of incidence” is the angle made by the ray with a perpendicular to the surface.INTENS
35、ITY: The magnitude of radiant energy (light) per unit, such as time or reflecting surface. 光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：（光电产业及资讯服务网站） OECR.com Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource.ION LASER: A type of laser employing a very high discharge current, passing down a small bo
36、re to ionize a noble gas such as argon or krypton. The ionization process creates a population inversion for lasing to occur. A research laser useful for some industrial applications. IONIZATION: The process by which ions are formed. IRRADIATION: Exposure to radiant energy, such as heat, X-rays, or
37、light; the product of irradiance and time. JOULE: One watt per second; a measurement frequently given for laser output in pulsed operation. KEYHOLING: In welding, the deep-penetration holes, which fill quickly with molten metal, that can be made in a few milliseconds by laser. LASER: An acronym of L
38、ight Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A laser is a cavity that has mirrors at the ends and is filled with lasable material such as crystal, glass, liquid, gas, or dye. These materials must have atoms, ions, or 光学在线：（光学及相关专业技术网站） 光电论坛： （中英光电专业技术讨论板） 光电资讯网： （光电产业及资讯服务网站） ） molecules
39、capable of being excited to a metastable state by light, electric discharge, or other stimulus. The transition from this metastable state back to the normal ground state is accompanied by the emission of photons which form a coherent beam. LASER ACCESSORIES: The hardware and options available for la
40、sers, such as secondary gases, Brewster windows, Q-switches, and electronic shutters. LASER HARDENING: Laser-beam traversal of metal to harden quenching process producing the maximum hardness for most metals. LASER OSCILLATION: The buildup of the coherent wave between laser cavity end mirrors. In CW
41、 mode, the wave bounding back and forth between mirrors transmits a fraction of its energy on each trip; in pulsed operation, emission happens instantaneously. LASER ROD: A solid-state, rod-shaped lasing medium in which ion excitation is caused by a source of intense light, such as a flashlamp. Vari
42、ous materials are used for the rod, the earliest of which was synthetic ruby crystal. OECR.com Offering Optics, Electronics, Communication Resource. 6 LEADING EDGE SPIKE: The initial pulse in a series of pulsed laser emissions, often useful in starting a reaction at the target surface. The trailing
43、edge of the laser power is used to maintain the reaction after the initial burst of energy.LIGHT: The range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies detected by the eye, or the wavelength range from about 400 to 750 nanometers. It is sometimes extended to include photovoltaic effects and radiation b
44、eyond visible limits.LIGHT REGULATION: A form of power regulation in which output power is maintained at a constant level by controlling discharge current.LUMINANCE: Commonly called illumination; the luminous or visible flux per unit area on a receiving surface at any given point.MENISCUS LENS: The
45、lens used primarily in CO2 lasers by Coherent, Inc. It has one side convex, the other concave.METASTABLE, METASTABLE STATE: Unstable condition in which the energy of a molecule is at some discrete level above the lowest, or ground state. It is this condition which is necessary for emission of photon
46、s in a laser. (From quantum theory.)MICROMETER: A “MY-kro mee-ter” is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter, or one micron. (Not to be confused with my-KROM-a-ter, a measuring instrument used with a telescope, microscope, or laser for fine focusing).MILLIJOULE: One thousandth of a Joule
47、.MODE: A particular functioning arrangement, setup, or condition for laser operation, such as continuous emission, pulses, or grouped pulses. “Mode” also describes the )MODULATION: The ability to superimpose an external signal on the output beam of the laser as a control.MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT: Theoretically, light consisting of just one wavelength. Since no light is completely monochromatic, it usually consists of a very narrow band of wavelengths. Lasers provide the narrowest bands.NANOMETER: A unit of length in the International System of Units (