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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 初中语法名词教学内容;名词的构成，复数及所有格。教学目标：掌握名词的的复数规则及不规则变化，名词所有格的构成。教学重难点：名词的复数不规则变化，名词所有格的构成，及主谓一致。教学过程：一名词：(一)、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏
2、一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词可分为个体名词和集体名词，是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词可分为物质名词和抽象名词，是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .(二)、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加s。如：map ma
3、ps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, kni
4、feknives.2、不规则变化： 1）元音发生变化如man-men(男人) ， woman-women(妇女) tooth-teeth(牙齿) ， foot-feet(脚) mouse-mice(老鼠) policeman-policemen(警察) policewoman-policewomen(女警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。 如child-children(小孩) ， ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。 如fish-fish(鱼) ，sheep-sheep(绵羊) ，deer-deer(鹿) ，chinese-chinese(中国人) ，yuan-yuan(元) ，jinn
5、-jinn(斤) 注意 不说an english，要说an englishman. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. 4）形似单数，实为复数意义。 如people(人，人们)these people (不说a people，可说a person) police(公安，警察)ten police (不说a police，可说a policeman) 5)
6、 由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。 如a man driver-men drivers(男司机) a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生) 6) 合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。 如passer-by-passers-by(过路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机) 注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如： grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱) 注意hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示
7、若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。 如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果？ we bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了许多水果， china has some good frits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类) she has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。 his black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。 注意wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。 注意以boy
8、和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。 如 boy student-boy students(男学生) girlfriend-girlfriends(女朋友) 7) 有些名词只有作复数。 如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品) 名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woma
9、n)改成men(women)。 如englishman-englishmen(英国人) frenchwoman-frenchwomen(法国妇女) 注意german不是复合词，它的复数是germans。 (三)、名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.
10、 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).不规则变化 (四)、注解： s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词
11、性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做
12、句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有
13、s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wa
14、sted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用
15、bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)11、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要
16、么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)13、主语中含有half of / (three quarters)of / all (of) the .等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarter
17、s of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况： Whats the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three q
18、uarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)Step2:练习初中英语名词练习题一、选择正确的答案 ( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. tw
19、o bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his off
20、ice.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to
21、the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaste
22、r say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holiday C. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sistersC. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you re
23、ad _?A. todays B. today paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. s B. C.
24、 es D. ss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachersC. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.T
25、he three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. D. thiefs二、基本型写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _6. Englishman _7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _10. exam_ 11. German _12. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day.13. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old.14. It is th
26、e best one of the _ (照片) in my family.15. Are they building any _ (图书馆) in the city?16. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)?17. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.18. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_.19. I like a_. Its neither hot nor cold.20. T_ comes af
27、ter Monday.、提高型1.June 1st is _ Day all over the world.A. Childs B. Childs C. ChildrensD. Childrens2.September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it?A. TeachersB. TeachersC. TeacherD. Teacher of3._ is made of _.A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses4.This is _ news.A. such
28、a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good5.What _ it is! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather6.They like Chinese _.A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people7.Lucy and I go to school _ every day.A. on feetB. on footC. by f
29、ootsD. by buses8. Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows9. What are you listening to, Jane? _ or _?A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a news10.How many _ and _ are there in your class?A. boy student; girl onesB. girls stu
30、dents; boys onesC. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones11.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans12. That bus driver drank two _.A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea13.
31、Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _.A. Bobs motherB. Bobs mothersC. mother of BobD. Bob mothers14. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher.A. Tom and CarlB. Toms and CarlsC. Tom and Carls15. There is _ tree in our school.A. a 8-metres-tallB. an-8-metre-tallC. an 8 metres tall、综合型1.In _ time, those mo
32、untains will be covered with trees.A.fewyear B. a few years C. few years D. a few years2. Did you hear the _ report?A. policeB. policemens C. policemansD. policemens3. We bought _ for my mothers birthday.A. some meatsB. some pieces meatC. a piece of meatD. pieces of meats4. Whose is this new desk?-I
33、ts _.A. Sue and JimsB. Sue and JimC. Sues and Jims5. Would you like _ coffee?-No, thanks. Ive drunk two _.A.any; bottles of orangeB. little; bottle of orangesC. some; bottles of orangeD. a few; bottle of orange6. How many _ do you want?-Two, please.A. kilos of eggB. kilo of eggsC. kilos of eggsD. ki
34、lo of bread7. The railway station is two _ from our house.A. hours drive B. hours driveC. hour-drive D. hours drive8. Where are you going, Lucy?-_.A. To my uncleB. To my unclesC. At my uncleD. At my uncles9. Have you read _?A. a newspaper of todays B. today newspaperC. todays newspaper10. Therere a
35、lot of _ down there, but hardly any _.A. horse; peopleB. horses; peoplesC. cow; peopleD. sheep; people11. Lucy put a lot of _ in _ of tea. (2000西安)A. sugar; the two cupB. sugars; the two cupsC. sugar; the two cupsD. sugars; two cups12. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. (2000上海)A. some good informa
36、tionB. some good informationsC. good informationsD. a good information13. Is this your room?-No, its _ room.(2000广州)A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of apples D. boxes of apple17. Help yourself to some _.-Thank you. I really like them.(2001汕头)A. fishB. orangeC. breadD. cakes18. This is an old
37、 photo of mine when I _. (2001吉林)A. have short hairs B. had short hairsC. have short hair D. had short hair19. Where is _ sweater? I cant see it.(2001四川)A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucys 20. The little baby has two _ already.(2001天津)A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths21. We all had _ last month. Did you travel
38、 to anywhere?A. seven days holidayB. seven days holidayC. seven-days holidayD. a seven-days holiday22. Yesterday a few _ came to visit some _ in Shantou.A. German; places of interestB. Germans; places of interestsC. Germans; places of interestD. Germen; places of interest23. When autumn comes, _ of
39、most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leafB. leafsC. leave D. leaves（四）巩固练习( ) 1. She was very happy. She _in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C
40、. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3. _ are _ for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4. What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 .-Can we have some _?-Ye
41、s, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear( ) 7. On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9. He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an
42、advice D. a advice( ) 10. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news( ) 11 -Would you like _ tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 12. He is hungry. Give
43、him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 13. It really took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 14. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 15. Can you give me _?A. a tea