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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初三英语上册 第一单元语法 一、单元语法：动名词 1、动名词的概说：动名词其实就是动词ing形式，动名词的否定形式是在前面加not.动名词具有名词的性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。同时，它又具有动词的特点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语，也可被副词修饰。 e.gliving in the city(动名词living后带宾语city)住在城市 reading aloud(动名词reading被副词aloud修饰)大声读 2、动名词的具体用法： 作主语：动名词作主语时一般也可用动词不定式。 e.gEating too much is bad for your healt
2、h= To eat too much is bad for your health 吃得太多对你的身体没有好处。 Swimming in the river is dangerous= To Swim in the river is dangerous 在江河游泳是危险的。 注：动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数第三人称形式。 作表语：动名词作表语一般句子的主语常常是无生命的名词，而且表语和主语是对等关系，说明主语的内容。 e.gHis task is finishing the work 他的任务是完成工作。 Her hobby is collecting stamps 她的爱好
3、是集邮。 注：动名词作表语时与进行时的形式相同，但进行时中动词ing形式表示主语的动作。 e.gHis favorite sport is playing football他喜欢的运动是踢足球。(playing作表语，说明主语的内容) He is playing football with friends他正在和朋友们踢足球。(playing为进行时，表示主语正在进行的动作) 作宾语：常用于allow,try,like，finish，enjoy,forget，stop，love，mind，practice，cant stand，cant help等动词或动词短语之后。 e.gWe will f
4、inish reading the book in a week我们将在一周内读完这本书。 I enjoy living in China我喜欢居住在中国。注：有些动词如forget，remember,stop，try,like，love等后面接动名词和动词不定式作宾语都可以，但意义不同。 e.gforget doing sth忘记做过某事 forget to do sth：忘记去做某事 remember doing sth记得做过某事 remember to do sth记得去做某事 stop doing sth停止做某事(不做) stop to do sth停下来去做某事(要做) try
5、doing sth试着尝试做某事 try to do sth努力/尽力去做某事 likelove doing sth(一贯性)喜欢做某事likelove doing sth(偶然性)喜欢做某事 作定语：表示所修饰词的用途、性质、特征等，位于所修饰词的前面。 e.gThey went to the swimming pool yesterday他们昨天去了游泳池。 He joined the skating club last year 他去年加入了溜冰俱乐部。 介词之后带动词，动词要使用动名词。 e.gIm afraid of seeing him again 我害怕再见到他。 Were in
6、terested in playing football 我们对踢足球感兴趣。 We can change ice into water by heating it通过加热我们可以把冰变成水。 She passed me without saying a word 她从我身边过去，没有说一句话。 Thanks for helping me 谢谢你帮助我。二、单元重难点 1、quickly，fast和soon三者都表示“快”，但其具体用法有所区别： quickly副词，表示动作速度迅速，敏捷，出手快，强调动作的突发性或短暂性； e.gPlease answer my questions quic
7、kly 请迅速地同答我的问题。 He threw the ball into the basket quickly 他迅速地把球投进球篮。 fast可以作形容词和副词，与quickly相近，指运动的物体速度快，强调物体运行过程中的速度： e.gJim runs very fast 吉姆跑得很快。 Ann walks too fastI cant follow her安走得太快，我跟不上她。 soon副词，只指时间方面不久，快。 e.gMy father will come back soon 我爸爸很快就回来。 It will rain soon 很快就要下雨了。2、特殊疑问词 when，wh
8、at，how, where，which，whowhom 等之后可以加动词不定式，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。 e.gHow to go there is a question 如何到那儿是个问题。(作主语) I know where to find the boy 我知道在哪儿能找到那个男孩。(作宾语) I forgot what to do next 我忘记下一步要做什么。(作宾语) The question is how to use it 问题是如何使用它。(作表语)3、aloud，loud和loudly三者都表示“大声地”，但其具体用法有所区别： aloud作副词，强调“出声
9、”能让人听见，无比较级和最高级。 e.gPlease read the text aloud请大声朗读课文。 loud可作形容词或副词，主要指说话声、笑声很大，常用于比较级，也可指音量“吵闹”。 e.gSpeak louder,please(副词)请大声些讲。 He has a loud voice(形容词)他嗓门大。 The music is too loud(形容词)音乐太大声了。 loudly作副词，可指各种声音大声，有时含有“喧闹或“嘈杂”的意味。 e.gSuddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。 They are t
10、alking loudly with each other他们在大声地互相交谈。4、remember和memorize两者都表示“记住，记得”， 但其具体用法有所区别： remember 用法比较广泛，可以指任何对过去进行回顾的思想活动，不论是有意的还是无意的，而且常常暗含过去某事物的生动形象给某人留下的深刻印象。 e.gI remember what he said我记得他说了什么。 She will remember the days that she spent with me她会记住和我一起度过的日子。 memorize 通常指有意识的、努力的、费神的记忆活动。 e.gI try to
11、 memorize each new word我尽力地记住每一个新单词。5、be afraid ofbe afraid to的区别。 be afraid of sbsth 意为害怕某人(或某物) e.gThe man is afraid of nothing 这个人什么都不怕。 Jack is very afraid of his teacher 杰克很怕他老师。 be afraid of doing sth害怕或担心发生某种(意外)情况。 e.gShe is afraid of losing her job 她害怕失去工作。 He is afraid of being late for sc
12、hool 他担心上学迟到。 be afraid to do sth害怕去干某事，没有勇气去干某事。 e.gIm afraid to go out at night 我害怕晚上出去。 She is afraid to be here alone 她怕独自一人呆在这里。 be afraid + (that) 从句。意为“恐怕” e.gIm afraid (that) I cant help you 我恐怕我帮不了你。 Im afraid (that) she is ill 她恐怕生病了。三、重要句型及短语1by doing sth 通过做某事2ask sb for help 向某人请求帮助3rea
13、d aloud 大声朗读4learn a lot 学到很多5speaking skills 口头表达能力6get excited 激动7spoken English 英语口语8make mistakes 犯错误9how to do sth 如何做某事10later on 以后，随后11to begin with 开始时，首先12make sentences 造句13laugh at sb 嘲笑某人26makewrite vocabulary lists 列出词汇表27the way to do sthof doing sth 做某事的方式28help a littlea lot 有点帮助帮助很
14、大39find+(宾语)+形容词 发现/觉得()怎么样30have conversationstalks with sb 和某人谈话31end up doing sth 以做某事结束，结果为32do a survey about 做一个关于的调查33keep an English notebook 记英语笔记34learn to do sth 学会做某事35Lookup in a dictionary 在字典中查找36Regardas 把当作视为37It doesnt matter 没关系。38be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事14maketake notes 做笔记15one
15、s own 某人自己的16make up 编造，组成，拼凑成17worry about 担心，忧虑18behave with 与相处19stay angry 生气20be lost 丢失，失去21last for long 持续久22solve a problem 解决问题23complain about 抱怨24young adults 年轻人25break off 突然中止、中断39in a positive way 用通过积极的方式40trydo ones best to do sth 尽某人的最大努力做某事41as a second language 作为第二语言42do ones d
16、uty 履行某人的职责43Comparetowith 把和作比较44Time goes by 随着时光流逝。45Changeinto 把改变为46Its ones duty to do sth 做某事是某人的职责责任。47with the help of sb = with ones help 在某人的帮助下48be angryannoyed with sb = be mad at sb 生某人的气对某人发火49Howdeal with sth? = Whatdo with sth? 如何处理某事?50have troubledifficultyproblems doing sth 做某事有困
17、难1.The magazine belongs to Carla.=The magazine is Carlas. 这本杂志是属于Carla 的。2.Hemingwei is her favorite author.海明威是她最喜欢的作家。3.classical music古典音乐4.He might know the way to the hospital.=Its possible that he knows the way to the hospital.他可能知道去医院的路。 5.Jack must be selling cars.= Its certain that Jack is
18、selling cars. 杰克肯定在买小车。6.The house cant belong to that woman. = It is certain that the house isnt that womans. 这座房子不可能是那个妇女的。7.the lock on the door 门上的锁8.the key to the door 这道门的钥匙9.a set of keys 一串钥匙10.go to the concert 去听音乐会11.have a concert take a concert 听音乐会 listen to a concert 12.give a concer
19、t=hold a concert 举办音乐会13.during the concert 在音乐会期间14.in the symphony hall 在音乐大厅15.be at ones appointment 在和某人约会16.have an appointment with sb 和某人有约17.make up 30% of the final exam =count 30% to the final exam 占期末考试的30%18.worry about sb=be worried about sb=be anxious about sb 担心某人19.What does “anxiou
20、s” mean?=Whats the meaning of “anxious”?=What do you mean by “anxious” . “anxious” 是什么意思？20.because of 因为，由于21.make a movie=be in a movie 拍电影22.a strange creature 奇怪的生物23.in Bell Tower neighborhood 在钟塔一带24.in our neighborhood 在我们四邻25.What happened to the girl just now? She had a traffic accident. 这个
21、女孩刚才发生了什么事？ 她出了车祸。26.have fun 开玩笑27.the local school teacher 当地学校的老师28.in the hallway 在走廊上29.There is a shop selling school things in our school. 我们学校有一家商店在卖学习用具。30.There is a girl crying over there. 那边有个女孩在哭。31.get in the window 进窗里来32.in front of her house 在她的屋前33.the director of the local zoo 当地动
22、物园的主管34.escape from 从逃跑1.情态动词must, may , might, could, cant表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同 must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%80%的可能性) cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零) The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening
23、to pop music. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all, he is boy!2. whose 谁的疑问词作定语后面接名词如：Whose book is this? This is Lilys.3. belong to 属于如： That English book belongs to me.4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词如： play the guitar play the piano play the violin当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词如： play football play basketball p
24、lay baseball5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时如：If you dont hurry up, youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到6. if you have any idea= if you know 如果你知道7. on关于（学术，科目）8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事如：I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。9. because of , because because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 because +从句如：I do it because I like it.
25、我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。10. own v.owner n. listen v.listener n. learn v.learner n.11. catch a bus 赶公车12. neighbor 邻居指人 neighborhood 邻居指地区也可指附近地区的人13. local 当地的如：local teacher 当地的教师14. noise n. 噪音是个可数名词noises 15. call the police 报警如：Quick! Call the police! 快！叫警察！16.
26、anything strange 一些奇怪的东西 当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如：There is a cat eating fish. There must be something visiting our home.18. escape from 从哪里逃跑出来如： He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。19. an ocean of + 名词极多的，用不尽的如：an ocea
27、n of energy.20. unhappy 不高兴的反义词 happy 高兴的 21. final adj. 最后的finally adv. 最后地22. dishonest 不诚实的反义词 honest 诚实的。23. get on 上车 get off 下车24. use up 用光、用完如：They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。25. attempt to do 试图如：The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。26. wake 动词唤醒 常用的词组：wake up意为醒
28、来 如：Please wake me up at 8 oclock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。27. look for 寻找指过程 find 找指结果如：I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）28. hear 听 指听的结果 listen 听 指听的过程 如：Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到） I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）29. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的
29、最大努力去做某事如：He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。30. 名词所有格名词所有格的构成有两种形式是在名词后面加 s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 如：Anns book 安的书 our teachers office 我们老师们的办公室 注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加s,如：Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）有of 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格如： a picture of my family 我家人的相片有时也有s表示无生命的东西的所有格如：todays newspaper,th
30、e citys name 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Listen! Some of the girls _ (talk) about Harry Potter. 2. Where is Mr. Green now? I havent seen him for a few days. He _ (go) to Hong Kong. 3. Youd better _ (not eat) too much meat. You are already overweight. 4. “Titanic” is a very nice film. I _ (see) it twice. 5. The
31、re _ (be) an English Evening next Monday. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Listen! Some of the girls _ (talk) about Harry Potter. 2. Where is Mr. Green now? I havent seen him for a few days. He _ (go) to Hong Kong. 3. Youd better _ (not eat) too much meat. You are already overweight. 4. “Titanic” is a very nice fil
32、m. I _ (see) it twice. 5. There _ (be) an English Evening next Monday. 6. I spent half an hour _ (finish)doing my homework. 7. The teacher told Xiao Ming _ (not be) late for school again. 8. Please write to me as soon as you _ (reach) Shanghai. 9. Mr. Le is out. But he _ (be) back in ten minutes. 10
33、. When the headmaster came into the hall, all the students _ (stand) up. 单项选择1. - Can you swim in the river?- No, I _.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 2. - ay I go swimming now? - No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt 3. - Excuse me. Where is
34、the zoo?- Sorry, I dont know. Ask that policeman. He _ know.A. shall B. may C. need D. would 4. _ I finish the work today? No, you neednt.A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need 5. - Tom, where is your father? - Im not sure. He_ in his office.A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may 6. - Where is Tom?- He hasnt come t
35、o school today. I think he_ be ill.A. has to B. should C. might D. need 7. This book _ Lucys. Look! Her name is on the book cover.A. must be B. might be C. cant be D. mustnt be8. There were three girls _after them. A.look B.to look C.looking D.looked一、词汇：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.These _( teenager )like to go
36、out at night.2. He thinks this is his _( success) lifestyle.3.He thinks young people today show that they are cool with their_( personal ). 4.We would feel more _( comfort ) and that is good for studying.5.He goes to help the old man _( one ) a week.6.We are very _( sleep ) in spring.7.Im sorry _ (s
37、ay) that theres nothing _ (eat).8.This afternoon the biggest football match of this year _ (be) on TV.9.They told us that Mr. Wu _(see) the film before.10.It is ten years since I _ (leave) my hometown.11.You need something _ (drink), dont you?12.Either he or I _ (be) right.13 No _ (smoke) in the hos
38、pital, please.14.He would take out his money and _ (pay) for the bill.15.Its time for rest; lets stop _ (have) our lesson.16.What color do you decide _ (buy)?17.The moon_(get) its light from the sun.18.-Where is your monitor?”-He_(make)amodel plane in the classroom.” 19.What new subjects _you _(stud
39、y) next term?20.The students of Class Four_ (listen) to a report on science this time yesterday.21.The rain_( not stop) yet. Youd better not go out.22.Before my father got home, I _(finish) my homework.23.Listen! Some of the girls _ (talk) about Harry Potter.24. Where is Mr. Green now? I havent seen
40、 him for a few days. He _ (go) to Hong Kong.25.Youd better _ (not eat) too much meat. You are already overweight.26.“Titanic” is a very nice film. I _ (see) it twice.27.There _ (be) an English Evening next Monday.28.I spent half an hour _ (finish) doing my homework.29.The teacher told Xiao Ming _ _
41、(not be) late for school again.30.Please write to me as soon as you _ (reach) Shanghai.31.Mr. Le is out. But he _(be) back in ten minutes.32.When the headmaster came into the hall, all the students _ (stand) up.33. I hear he likes _ (morning) very much.34. I _ (real) want to see him soon.35. His mother had a _ (quickly) breakfast, and went to work this morning.36.Does the teacher