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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、 重点语法（一） 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间连用。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next week/month/year; in the future; in 2020； 2.in+ 一段时间 ； 3.how soon；4.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do5.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 表示将来时的常见句式：1.用be doing表示将来：主要是表示按计划，安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置移动的动词；如come ,go, leave, arrive, fly, move,
2、 start, 等，也可以用其他动词。 Im doing my homework tomorrow.2.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. 3.be going to 表示 已有迹象表明即将发生的某种情况。 Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.4.在有条件从句的主句中，多用will, 如：例 Be quick, or you will be late. = If you dont be quick, you will be late.练习( ) 1. T
3、here _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to be C. is going to beD. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to workingD. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be
4、; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. wasB. is going to have C. will haveD. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be;
5、will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. givesD. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent.C. No, please dont.D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ it for you at once. A. get B. am gettin
6、g C. to get D. will get( ) 9._ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have（二） 过去进行时结构：句型 主语+ was/were +V-ing否定句 主语+ was/were+not +V-ing一般疑问句 was/were+主语+V-ing过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间
7、正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用。标志性词语：1. at that time/moment2. (at) this time yesterday(last night/sunday.)3. at +点钟+Yesterday(last night/ Sunday.)4. when , while 引导的时间状语从句 例：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。 When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in
8、the kitchen.今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。练习1.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slippin
9、g, looked 3.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don t think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She
10、 _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 6.-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, I m terribly sorry._. A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticing C. I haven t noticed D. I don t notice 7. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.
11、 A. was traveling B. traveledC. had been traveling D. was to travel 8. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having 9.When I arrived at his office, he _ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken 10. “ What s
12、the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just been thinkingC. was just thinking D. have just thought（三） If 的用法 if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果的话”，用法如下： 表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（
13、一般现在时），+主句（主语will/shall/may/can) +动词原形）(不能用be going to) a. If you finish your homework, you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year, I will go to travel.注意：宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句中的区别。宾语从句中的if “是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据句意来确定。I dont know if (是否）it will rain tomorrow. If（如果） it rains, I will
14、stay at home.我不知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我将呆在家里在。（四） 现在完成进行时 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，有可能一直延续下去的动作。常与for, since,how long,these days等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成进行式结构：肯定句： 主语+have / has +been+ doing/否定句： 主语+have / has +not+been+ doing一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+been+ doing/1I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持
15、续到现在还在继续）2I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。3How long have you been living here? 你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可练习1. Im sure Andrew will win the fir
16、st prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked3. So far this year we _
17、a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his d
18、ream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked6. I have got a headache.No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has falle
19、n B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do
20、 ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted（五） 反义疑问句 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前
21、后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例 You have been to Beijing, havent you? 你去过北京，是吗？ 1、当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。 例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasnt he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？ 2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用the
22、y代替。 例 That isnt a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？ These are important reading materials, arent they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？ 3、当陈述句部分是I am时，反意疑问句部分通常要用arent I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。 Im late for the meeting, arent I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？ 4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobod
23、y, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？ 5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。 例 There ar
24、e some bananas in the basket, arent there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？ 6.当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。 There is little milk in the bottle,is there? He hardly ever plays computer games, does he?注：如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。 例 Its impossible for
25、him to make such a mistake, isnt it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？ 7.感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。 例 What a foolish child (he is), isnt he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？ 8. 在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I /we think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 例 I dont think you have heard of him before, have you?
26、 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 注 ：当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。 He thinks HongKong is a good place to take a holiday, doesnt he ?9. 祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其它均用will you。10.反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式
27、提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 例 -He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？ -Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。 -His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ -Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。练习1. Youd rather watch TV this evening, _? A. isnt
28、 it B. hadnt you C. wouldnt you D. wont you 2. I suppose youre not going today, _? A. are you B. do you C. dont you D. arent you 3. I wish to shake hands with you, _? A. shall I B. may I C. do I D. will I 4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _? A. oughtnt three hours B. didnt they C. shouldnt it
29、D. shouldnt three hours 5. They have to study a lot, _? A. dont they B. havent they C. did they D. hadnt they 6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ? A. didnt he B. did he C. did it D. didnt it 7. Im sure dirty, _? A. am I B. isnt I C. arent I D. am not I 8. You seem to be diss
30、atisfied with your present post. I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you? A. do B. did C. dont D. didnt 9. Thats the sort of the book you want, _?A. is it B. isnt that C. is that D. isnt it 10.All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _? A. are they B. arent they C. are all these dictionaries D. arent all these dictionaries 专心-专注-专业