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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级上册英语语法总结一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)4) 以 -y
2、结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级
3、)most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestmany more mostmuch more mostbad worse worstlittle less leastill worse worstfar farther(further) farthest(furthest)deep deeper deepesttall taller tallest形容词比较级的用法:形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有
4、形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。形容词最高级的用法:形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。二、句子成分1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。2)，复合谓语：情态动词不定式3、表语4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。有些
5、及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。6、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。三、句子类型
6、：1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。2、复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。四、简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一： S V （主谓）基本句型二： S V P （主谓表）基本句型三： S V O （主谓宾）基本句型四： S V o O （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： S V O C （主谓宾宾补）五、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三
7、类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。初二上册学的宾从就是这些。六、时态：一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:Hes twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to schoo
8、l every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形. 例如:They go to school every day.b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es 例如:Lily often likes singing.(2)系动词(be): I am. They/We/You are He/She/It is2
9、.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+dont+动词原形. 例如:They dont go to school every day.b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesnt +动词原形 例如:Lily doesnt like singing.(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.3. 一般疑问句结构:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形.例如:Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No,
10、 they dont.）b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.)(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, Im not.)二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look, listen等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing例如: The boys are playing foo
11、tball now.2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not例如: The boys arent playing football now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they arent.)三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday, last, ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式例如: The twins went to sch
12、ool two hours ago.(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was They/We/You+were例如: I was at home last night.2.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+didnt+动词原形例如: The twins didnt go to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not例如: I wasnt at home last night.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形?例如: Did the twins go to school two hour
13、s ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didnt.)(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I wast.)四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow, next等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词例如: We will come to see you tomorrow(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词例如
14、: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not例如: We wont come to see you tomorrow. (will not=wont)(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn going to see his uncle next Sunday.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we wont.)(2)用
15、于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday? (Yes, he is. No, he isnt.)五.情态动词: can(能，会)， may（可以，可能，也许）， must(必须，一定，应该） have to（必须，不得不）1. 肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词例如: I must go now.2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not. 例如: I mustnt go now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前.Must you go now?
16、(Yes, I must. No, I neednt.)May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you neednt.)六.had better+动词原形，表示“最好干”，变否定句时在had better后加not.例如:You had better catch a bus. Youd better not catch a bus. (You had= Youd )七.动词不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形例如: I want to get back my book.Lucy
17、went to see his mother last night.九.特殊疑问句的变换：对划线部分提问时，将划线部分去掉，剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。（对主语提问例外）例如: My name is Lily. Whats your name?The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?新目标英语八年级（上）英语期末复习重点短语、词组和句型Unit 1on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视surf the Internet 上网冲浪twice a week 一周两次once
18、a month 一月一次three times a day 一天三次be good for 对有好处junk food 垃圾食品how often 多久一次look after 照看eating habit 饮食习惯as for 就而言stay / keep healthy 保持健康1.What does she do on weekends? 她在周末常干什么？2.She often goes to the movies. 她经常去看电影。3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。4.We often surf the Internet. 我们经常上网。5.I read
19、 English books about twice a week. 我大约一周两次看英语书。6.I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。7.She says its good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。8. How often do you eat junk food? 你多久一次吃垃圾食品？9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。10. My eating habits are pretty good. 我的饮食习惯相当好。Unit 2have a sore throat 喉咙痛see a dentist 看牙医yan
20、g foods 阳性食物be stressed out 压力大a balanced died 平衡饮食healthy food 健康食品go to bed 上床睡觉listen to music 听音乐conversation practice 对话练习a lot of 很多 、很厉害1.I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 也许你应该看看牙医。3.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef .你应该吃热的阳性食品，像牛肉。4. Im stressed out. 我压力太大
21、。5. Its important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。6.You should eat fruit and other healthy food. 你一个吃水果和其它的健康食品。7. You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。8. I like to listen to music. 我喜欢听音乐。9. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些对话练习。10. I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。11.Whats the
22、matter (with you )? (你)怎么啦？Im not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。12. Thats a good idea. 好主意。13. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。Unit 3for vacation度假babysit sb照顾(婴儿)how long多久go sightseeing去观光go fishing去钓鱼rent videos租赁录像带go camping去野营on Monday在周一go hiking去远足go bike riding去骑车take walks散步an exciting vacat
23、ion一个令人激动的假期 a no-stress vacation一个没有压力的假期1What are you doing for vacation?你假期要干什么?2Hes going camping with his parents他要和父母去野营。3Shes babysitting her sister她要照看她妹妹。4Im going on Monday周一我要去。5How long are you staying?你要呆多长时间?6Im going hiking in the mountains我要到山中远足。7Im going sightseeing我要去观光。8Im taking
24、 walks，going fishing，and going bike riding 我要散步，钓鱼，骑自行车。9Im renting videos and sleeping a lot我要租赁录像带并且要大睡一觉。10I want an exciting vacation! A no-stress vacation! 我要过一个令人激动的假期!一个没有压力的假期!Unit 4get to school到达学校how far多远fromto从到 ride ones bike骑自行车the subway station地铁站take the bus坐公共汽车the most popular最流行
25、的think of看待，认为North America北美 be different from与不同depend on依靠，依赖1How does Emilio get to school?爱米丽欧怎么去学校?2 .How far is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远?3How long does it take you to get from home to school? 从家到学校你花费多长时间?4_I ride my bike to the subway station我骑车去地铁车站。5In North America，not all s
26、tudents take the bus to sch001在北美，并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。6.In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。7What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你认为你们镇上的交通情况如何?8Other parts of the world are different from the United States世界上其他地方与美国不同。9. It depend
27、s on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。Unit 5come to 来到have /take a piano lesson 上一节钢琴课would love to愿意一too much太多play soccer踢足球go to the doctor去看医生，去看病study for a test 准备考试have to不得不；必须the day after tomorrow 后天the science report科学报告1Can you come to my party on Wednesday?你星期三能来参加我的晚会吗?2Sorry。I cantI have a pia
28、no lesson.对不起，我不能。我要上钢琴课。3SureId love to当然，我愿意。4Im playing soccer我在踢足球。5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend 这个周末我有太多家庭作业(要做)。6I have to go to the doctor我得去看医生。7On Thursday，Im studying for a test周四，我要备考。8I cant join you because I have to help my mom 我不能参加，因为我要帮我妈妈干活。9Im having a piano lesso
29、n the day after tomorrow后天我要上钢琴课。10Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report：你能来我家讨论这份科学报告吗?Unit 6be outgoing爱抛头露面 short hair短发more athletic更健美 asas同一样the same as 同一样lots of许多look the same看起来一样be good at /do well in 擅长 make sb1augh使发笑3 centimeters taller高了三厘米1Im more outgoing than
30、my sister我比我妹妹更爱出风头。2He has shorter hair than Sam他的头发比山姆的短。3Tom is more athletic than Sam汤姆比山姆更健美。4Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。5Both girls go to lots of parties两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。6In some ways we look the same，and in some ways we look different在某些方面，我们看起来一样，在某些方面，我们看起来不同。7M
31、y good friend is good at schoolwork我的好朋友爱好干学校事务。8I think a good friend makes me laugh我认为好朋友会使我发笑。9Im about 3 centimeters taller now我现在(比以前)高了3厘米。Unit 7turn on打开pourinto把倒人putinto把放入内2 teaspoons of relish两茶匙调味品cut up切碎puton把放到上addto 把加入中mix up 混合在一起make a banana smoothie做香蕉思木西1Turn on the blender打开果汁
32、搅拌机。2Cut up the bananas切开香蕉。3Pour the milk into the blender将牛奶倒入果汁机里。4Put some relish on a slice of bread将调味品涂到一片面包上。5Put the bananas and yogurt into the blender将香蕉和酸奶倒人果汁机。6How do you make a banana smoothie?你如何做香蕉思木西饮料?7First, put 1 teaspoon of mayonnaise on the sandwich.首先，在三明治上放一茶匙蛋黄酱。Unit 8go to
33、 the aquarium去水族馆take photos照相hang out with ones friends与朋友闲逛buy a souvenir买纪念品a famous actor一个著名演员go to the zoo去动物园eat some ice cream吃些冰淇淋go for a drive开车兜风win a /(the first )prize赢得奖品(第一名)have a yard sale 进行庭院旧货出售school trip学校组织的旅行1I went to the aquarium，I didnt go to the zoo我去了水族馆，我没去动物园。2Did you
34、 take any photos?你照相了吗?3Id like to eat some ice cream我愿意吃些冰淇淋4.We often hang out with our friends我们经常同朋友一起m去闲逛。5.Would you like to go for a drive?你愿意去开车兜风吗?6.Did Tina buy a souvenir?蒂纳买纪念品了吗?7Toby won a prize托比赢了奖金。8.Did Tina meet a famous actor?蒂纳遇见一位著名演员了吗?9.The students had a terrible school trip
35、同学们度过了一次糟糕的学校旅行Unit 9a great Chinese pingpong player一位了不起的中国乒乓球运动员be born in 出生于for example例如tooto 太而不能a professional soccer star 一个专业的足球明星a movie star一位影星a loving grandfather一位慈爱的爷爷free time业余时间；空余时间a skating champion一位溜冰冠军the first prize第一名the 70year history七十年的历史the International Piano Competitio
36、n 国际钢琴比赛major in sth主修某科目l.Deng Yaping is a great Chinese pingpong player邓亚萍是一位了不起的中国乒乓球运动员。2.She was born in 1973她出生于1973年。3.For example，Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old. 例如，泰德。伍德十个月大时就开始打高尔去球。4.Pele，became a professional soccer star when he was fifteen 比利,在他十五岁时成了一位专业的足球
37、明星。5.When did she become a movie star?她何时成了一名影星?6.Arthur is a loving grandfather亚瑟是一位慈爱的爷爷。7.He spends all his free time with his grandchildren他全部业余时间都跟他的孙子在一起。8.She become a skating champion when she was ten 当她十岁时，她成了一位溜冰冠军。9.He won the first prize in his group他在小组里赢得了第一名。lO. He was also the first
38、Chinese pianist in the 70-year history of the Chopin International Piano Competition to win this prize. 在有七十年历史的肖邦国际钢琴比赛中他也是第一位获此荣誉的中国钢琴家。Unit 10grow up成长a basketball player一位篮球运动员a computer programmer一位电脑程序设计师take lessons上课somewhere interesting有趣的地方a fashion show一次时装展示会a part-time job一份零工一份业余工作save
39、 some money省钱；攒钱make money挣钱、赚钱at the same time同时all over the world全世界sendto送到get good grade取得好分数communicate with sb.与交际；与交流a teaching job一个教学的lT作a foreign language teacher一位外语教师l.What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大了要干什么?2.Im going to be a basketball player我要成为一名篮球运动员。3.Im going to be a co
40、mputer programmer我要成为一名电脑程序设计师。4.Im going to take acting lessons我要去上表演课。5.Im going to move somewhere interesting我要搬到有意思的地方去。6.I want to be an art editor for a fashion show我想成为一名时装展示会的艺术指导。7.Im going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money. 我想找一份可干一、两年的零工，攒下点儿钱。 8.Im going to st
41、udy economics at the same time同时，我要学习经济。9.Im going to travel all over the world我要到全世界去旅行。10.Im going to write articles and send them t0 magazines and newspapers我要写文章，发给报纸和杂志。 11.Im going to get good grades我要得一个好分数(成绩)。12.They want to communicate better with their kids他们想要更好地与孩子进行交流。13.She is going t
42、o look for a teaching job in China next year明年，她想要在中国找一份教书的工作。14.An old lady said she found a job as a foreign language teacher一位老太太说她找了一份作外语教师的工作。Unit 11take out拿出来make the bed整理床铺sweep the floor扫地，清洁地面fold your clothes叠衣服clean the living room清理起居室(打扫)like to do sth. 喜欢干invitet0邀请到take care of / lo
43、ok after照顾forget to do sth忘记要去干 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事work on从事on vacation度假1Could you please take out the trash?请把垃圾拿出去好吗?2Could you please sweep the floormake the bedfold your clothescleaning the living room? 你扫地整理床铺叠衣服清扫起居室好吗?3Do you like to make your bed? 你喜欢整理床铺吗?4Could you invite your friend
44、s to my party?你能邀请你的朋友来参加我的晚会吗?。5Thanks for taking care of my dog谢谢你照看我的狗。6Dont forget to clean his bed不要忘了清扫他的床。7Im going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英语功课，然后见我的朋友。8Im going on vacation tomorrow明天我要度假。Unit 12close to home靠近家的movie theater影院comfortable seats舒适的座位do a su
45、rvey of做一个调查play a piano piece弹一支钢琴曲the price of的价格the radio station广播电台think about考虑talent show才能展示boring TV show乏味的电视节目a 1ot许多1Whats the best movie theater? 哪个是最好的影院?2What is the best radio station? 哪个是最好的广播电台?3It has the most comfortable seats它拥有最舒适的座位。4What do young people think about places in town? 年轻人关于镇上的位置是什么看法?5We did a survey of our readers我们做了一个读者涮查。6Last weeks talent show was a great success上周的才能展示是一个成功。7She played a beautiful piano piece她演奏了一支优美的钢琴曲。8What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的电视剧是什么79The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night 一个旅馆