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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学英语辅导讲义名词复习 名词的分类 一、可数名词的特点：a.有单复数之分b. 能用a, an, c. 数词来修饰d. 复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数形式e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等词语修饰二、可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：1. 大多数名词是在词尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mout
2、hs, months2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 构成复数。 matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc. 3. 以“o”结尾，有（生命）的加-es, 有的加-s potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos4. 辅音字母y结尾，去y，ies factories, countries, ladies, c
3、ities, batteries 元音字母y结尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys5. 以f, fe结尾，去f, fe, ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf leaves, life lives，wolf wolves wife wives half halves, thief thieves loaf loaves handkerchief handkerchiefs, handkerchieves三、可数名词不规则变化 man men, woman women,
4、 policeman policemen, footfeet, tooth teeth, childchildren, mousemice, goose geese 鹅sheepsheep, deerdeer, Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, Swiss Swiss ox oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means means四、名词的数量表达：1.可数名词的数量表达：many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty o
5、f, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of dozens of, scores of2. 不可数名词的数量表达： much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of VI. 关于名词数的注意点：1.名词作定语通常用单数形式：a car factory, two color film
6、s, word order, a paper bag 但也有用复数的： sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, talks table, the foreign languages department2. 有些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式： shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats五、名词所有格1有生命的s Marys, fathers, the boys b
7、ooks, anybody elses advice, each others mistakes,2. 词尾是-s 或-es的复数名词，只加“”the teachers office, the workers tools，twenty minutes walk3. 词尾没有-s的复数名词则加“s”来表示。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs4. s 也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名 a two-hour ride, in two weeks time, todays newspaper, two hours ride, twenty m
8、inutes walk5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加“s”. This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. 如果不共有，则两个名词后面都加“s”. These are Bills and Toms bikes. 代词复习 1、人称代词（1） 人称代词的分类人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Ime weus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit(2)人称代词的用法：主格人称代词在句中作主语。She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一样聪明。
9、We all like English very much.我们都很喜欢英语。I like music.我我喜欢音乐。 宾格人称代词在句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我们常在星期六去看她。即景活用：Miss Lin teaches _English this term. -You are lucky ._is a very good teacher. A.our She B.us; He C.us,She D. ours; He答案:C点拨:本题考查人称代词主格与宾格的用法区别。第一个空在动词teaches后作宾语，故用宾
10、格;第二个空在句中作主语，故用主格，且性别上应与Miss Lin相对应。(2008.北京)Im going skating. Would you like to go with _?A.meB. I C. my D. mine答案:A点拨:with是介词，介词后的代饲用宾格形式，作介词的宾语。 2，物主代词物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。类型 词义我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourHis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyoursHis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs（1） 形容词性的:物主代词具有
11、形容词的的特征，后面接名词。Our school is not far from here. 我们的学校肉这儿不远。My father and mother are teachers. They like their work. （2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语，表语或宾语。 This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的钢笔。我的是红色的。I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours. 我的词典丢了。请把你的借我用一下。Do you know Alice?一Yes. I know_very w
12、ell. A. she B. her C. hersel f D. hers 动词时态复习 动词的定义和分类一、 定义 动词主要是用来表示动作、状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体时间和表现形式，这就是英语中动词的时态。时态简单地理解就是时（时间）态（动词表现的状态，另外就是动词的形态 二、 动词的基本形态（或形式）：动词原形，第三人称单数，过去式，现在分词和过去分词动词的分类动词实义动词及物动词宾语双宾语复合宾语不及物动词系动词be, seem, sound, turn, become等+表语助动词be +doing +done have donebeen +doing do, does,
13、did Will, shall, would, should +动词原形情态动词 may, can, must, might, could 等动词时态时态用法例句一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天骑自行车上学表示现在的状态特征The pen is in the bag. 钢笔在书包里。表示客观真理The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。表示将来（在时间，条件状语从句中；在时刻表等计划中）I will call you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那
14、里就给你电话。 The plane takes off at nine. 飞机九点起飞。一般过去时表示在过去某时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作He worked in a factory in 1986. 1986年他在一家工厂工作。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态 They will appear later. 他们稍晚会露面。It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。 现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作We are having an English lesson now. 我们现在正在上英语课。表示现阶段正在进行的动作Im reviewing Eng
15、lish these days. 近来我在复习英语。 表示赞扬，厌烦等感情色彩（与always, continually等连用）She is always helping people. 她总是乐于助人。（赞扬）表示预计将要发生的动作（常代表将来时间的状语）We are leaving on Friday. 我们星期五出发。 时态分述（一）一般现在时的用法一般现在时1. 定义:表示包括现在在内的经常性,习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态.a. He goes to school on foot.b. He is seven years old.c.The light travels faster t
16、han the sound.2. 谓语动词的形式:第一,二人称,复数主语是第三人称单数动词（如work) 动词用原形 (work) 动词第三人称单数(works) 否定dont work提问: Do.work 否定:(doesnt work) 提问: Does.work be are 主语是I 用amis否定（are / am not) 提问（Are/ Am.) 否定：is not 主语是第三人称单数时，动词变化的形式和方法与名词变复数的方法基本一样：（1） 在动词原形后加 -s , 如：works, runs, likes （2） 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 或-o 结尾的动词， 加
17、-es, 如：teaches, goes, does, washes （3） 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把y变i再加-es, 如：studies, flies, carries. （4）不规则变化，如： have -has; be- is 2）标志词：如果句中有always, sometimes, often, usually, every day 等时间词时，这个句子多用一般现在时态。例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is often late for school.c. The earth moves around the sun.3. 用法
18、：1） 表示经常性，习惯性发生的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，often, always, usually, never等。 I go to work on foot every day. 我每天走路去上班。（每天都一样）2） 表示兴趣，爱好，所属关系等。 She likes dancing. 她喜欢跳舞。（兴趣爱好） I have a football. 我有一个足球。（所属关系）3） 标识性质，特征，（包括外貌，年龄，高矮，来历等）， 处所等。 She is 12 years old. 她12岁。（年龄） The hospital is next to our school. 医院在我
19、们学校旁边。（处所）4） 标识客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，格言或警句。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) members of the Reading Club.3. She and I （take）a walk together every even
20、ing.4. There (be) some water in the bottle.5. We (not watch) TV on weekdays.6. Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays.7. they (like) the World Cup?8. What they usually (do) on holidays?9. your parents (read) newspapers every day?10. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV
21、 every evening.(改为否定句) Daniel TV every evening.2. I do my homework every day .(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) you homework every day？ No, I .3. She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _she milk? Yes, she .二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Where (be) John and Jack from?2. His favorite subjects (be) P.E. and music.3. His pen pal (live) in To
22、ronto.4. he (have) any sisters?5. Ben can (speak) English and Spanish.6. Her brother (not play) sports every day, he only (watch) them on TV.7. My patents want (go) shopping on Sunday.8. She likes (play) computer games. （二）一般过去时的用法1） 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He wor
23、ked in a factory in 1986. c. He was a student in 2000.构成：用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下： 1）、规则动词的变化一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2)、不规则动词变化，需要记忆。主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I was a student. We/You/ They were students. He/ She was a student. I / You/ They/ liked musi
24、c. Many people liked music.I was not a student. We/You/ They were not students. He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student. Were you/ they students? Was he/ she a student? Did you/ they like music? Did many people like music?2） 标志性的词
25、：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now等，例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。练习一：用词的适当形式填空1. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk.2. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night?3. I_(be) tired yesterday. 4. I _(
26、gain ) Arts degree last year.5. What _ you _ (do) at eight oclock last night?6. My grandfather _ (leave) Hongkong for New York in 1998.7. What _ you _ (do) this time yesterday?练习二：单选() 1. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday? A. Do , get upB. Did, get upC. Do, got upD. Did, got up()2. What did you see _?
27、A. nowB. every dayC. since 1990D. just now() 3. He went into the room and _ the door.A. lockB. lockingC. locksD. locked() 4. -What _ you _ last week?- I bought a bag.A. did ,buyB. did , boughtC. do, buyD. do, bought() 5. -_ he _ his lunch?- Yes, he did.A. Have , hadB. Had, has C. Did, haveD. Did, ha
28、d（三）现在进行时（1） 定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来，也就是用现在进行时表示将来。 （2）构成：现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式 第一人称单数 I+am+doing+sth. 第一人称复数 We+are+doing +sth. 第二人称单(复)数 You+are+doing+sth. 第三人称单数 He（She，it）+is+doing+sth. 第三人称复数 They+are+doing +sth. 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:
29、be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词（3）现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.，且末尾只有1个，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting) (4) 基本用法： A 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you. He is reading. They are talking now.B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例：Mr. Green is writing ano
30、ther novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.D.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例：You are always changing your mind.【实战练习讲解和分析：】一、把下列词汇变成ing形式1.work_sing_ play_ study_2.dance_have_ w
31、rite_ take_3.run_sit_shop_swim_二、用词语的恰当形式填空1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.3.Look, the boy_ (put) the rubbish into the bin.4._he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_ (play).5.Where is Mark? He_ (run) on the grass.6.Listen, who_ (sing)
32、in the music room? Oh, Mary_ (sing) there.7.She _ (go) to school at eight oclock.8.Its six oclock. They are _ supper. (eat)9.He usually _ up at 17:00.(get )10.She _ (live) in Beijing.11.Sally _ (be) here now. 12._ (be)there a fly (苍蝇) on the table ?13.They are _ (dig) a hole (洞).14.My father _ (mend
33、) his model(模型) plane these daysKey: 1.doing, am eating 2.is working 3.is putting 4.Is, cleaning ; is playing 5.is running 6.is singing; is singing 7.is going 8.eating 9.gets 10.lives 11.is 12.Is 13.digging 14.is mending 三、选择题练习1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2.
34、Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. i
35、s sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs. Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting专心-专注-专业