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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语定语从句详细讲解及专项练习一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。专心-专注-专业二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are
2、from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从
3、句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each yearrises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw
4、this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词关系代词引导的定语从句
5、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the
6、 famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关
7、系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
8、3. “介词关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四关系
9、副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please t
10、ell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(
11、3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开；意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整；译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句；关系词的使用上A做宾语时可省略 B。可用thatC可用who代替whom A不可省 B。不用that C。不用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom
12、 was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encoura
13、ges him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none,little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no,
14、little, few, much等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(5) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do
15、 such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that
16、he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learne
17、d?（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a develo
18、ping country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时
19、，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as
20、her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )定语从句关系副词专项练习 1This is the place_ John was born? Awhich
21、Bwhere C. when Dthat 2. He is the only person _ I want to talk to. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 3Is this problem _the teacher explained last week? Athe one Bthat Cwhich D.one 4The high building _ stand four policemen is the police station. Awhich Bthat Cin front of it D. in front of which 5My mo
22、ther will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play Awhich Bthat Cfor which Dwith which 6The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village. Auntil Bthat C when Dwhere 7There are times_ I wonder why I do this job Aas Bwhile Cwhich Dwhen 8.After living in Lo
23、ndon for thirty years Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child A. which B.where C.that D.when 9They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew Awhom Bwhat C. that Dwhich 10That is the very book_ I am looking for. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das 11Who is the scientist_ is g
24、oing to give us a talk on space this Sunday? Athat Bwho C. which Dwhom 12I dont like the way_ you speak to your teacher ABin that C. which Dof which 13Could you tell me when to get the book_ I want to read? Awhat Bwho C Dit 14The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. A. when Bwhi
25、ch Cwho Don which 15A pen friend of mine_ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins. Awho Bwhom Cto who Dfrom whom 16. Dont forget the day_ you were admitted to Beijing University. Awhen Bthat Cat which D. where 17Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods. A. that Bof
26、 which Cby which Dwhere 18I can still remember the place_ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. Awhich Bwhat C .that Dwhere 19_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 20All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. what C. that D. which
27、 21He was seriously ill when he was a child, _ made him lose his sight. A. as B. that C. which D. it 22In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ he could turn for help. A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom 23He told the same story _ I told. A. that B. which C. as D. it 24The best work is t
28、hat _ Tom has done. A. it B. which C. when D. where 25. The first thing _ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room. A. which B. as C. what D. that 26. Any girls _ knew him were teachers. A. where B. that C. they D. whom 27. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just pas
29、sing by. A. which B. as C. that D. who 28That is the hotel _ we stayed last year. A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which 29. This is the reason _ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school. A. where B. when C. before D. why 30. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor _ is very modest a
30、nd studies hard. A. who B. that C. as D. which 1B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 2. A. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词常用that。 3A. 缺少先行词，故选A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。 4D介词+关系代词引导定语从句。 5D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which。 6C先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。 7D先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。 8B先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。 9C先行词包含人和物，关系代词
31、只能用that。 10A. 先行词被the very修饰，关系代词只能用that。 11A. Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that , 以免重复。 12A. way为先行词时，关系代词用that或in which或不填。 13C关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。 14Bspent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。 15Dreceive a letter from sb收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。 16A.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。 17D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。 18.
32、D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。 19. D. As 引导的定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，亦可置于句中，亦可置于句尾。as常作宾语或构成as加be动词加过去分词的结构，或构成as加be动词加表语的结构。as 引导的定语从句在句中修饰的是整个句子。 20. C. 在定语从句中，当先行词为all, anything, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时，关系代词用that, 而不用which。 21. C. which引导非限制性定语从句并指代前面的主句。Which的这种用法和as有区别，which常用作行为动词的主语且由它引导的定语从
33、句只能置于句尾。 22.B. 介词加关系代词的用法，“turn to sb for help”为固定结构。 23.C. 先行词由same或such修饰时，关系代词用as。 24.B. 先行词为that时，关系代词用which。 25.D. 当先行词由序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词用that。 26.B. 当先行词被any, all, no等修饰时，关系代词用that。 27.C. 当先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用that。 28.D. 介词加关系代词的用法，介词的选用应根据从句谓语动词和先行词的搭配 来决定。 29.D. 在reason后的限制性定语从句（一般没有非限制性定语从句）可由
34、why引导。在现代英语里why也可省略。 30.B. 一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用who，另一个宜用that。 疯狂英语定语从句100句1. The man_ talked to you just now is an engineer.2. I enjoyed the evening _we spent together by the sea.3. I enjoyed the evening _ we stayed together by the sea.4. Here is the pen _ you lost yesterday.5. He is the person_ I
35、 met in the park yesterday.6. The lady _ came to our class is form Australia.7. The man _ shook hands with our teacher just now is Li Leis father.8. The book_ you need is sold out.9. Ill never forget the summer holiday _I spent with you.10. She is one of the students in our class _are good at Englis
36、h.11. Hes the only one of my friends _comes form a foreign country.12. That is the place_ they just now talked about.13. You can keep any books _ you find.14. Is this the only thing _ he does for his daughter?15. The storybook _I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.16. Do you know the person _
37、I spoke to just now?17. The first lesson _ Miss Lee gave us in the school is unforgettable.18. Everything _we say there was interesting.19. Who is the lady _ is standing over there with Ann?20. Wuhan is the hottest city _I have been to.21. Im interested in all _ I have seen.22. Is he the man _talked
38、 with your teacher yesterday?23. Have you got the book_ you need?24. She was not on the train _ arrived just now.25. It sounded like a truck _was going by my house.26. Have you got something_ he wanted?27. It is the silliest argument_ Ive heard.28. He wants the same book _ I have.29. The first thing
39、 _ she should do is to have her hair fixed.30. The passengers and the suitcases _ were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane.31. I will hell you all _ I know.32. The very thing _ brought about a complete change in her life was the liberation.33. Thats the very thing _Ive been looking
40、for!34. This is the same girl _ came to borrow an English book two days ago.35. Rose told me all _ had happened to Oliver.36. Because of my poor memory, everything_ you told me has been forgotten.37. Is there anything _ I can do for you?38. These are the happiest hours _ we have ever spent.39. There
41、 is no film _ youll feel interested in.40. Mr. Liu wants to talk to the students _ homework hasnt been handed in.41. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week?42. I dont like the way you speak to her.43. The most important thing that we should pay attention to is the first thing
42、 _ I have said.44. She spent the whole evening talking about things and people_ none of us had ever heard of.45. He makes good use of the time _ he can spare.46. He is the only one of the three _ has got the new idea.47. All _ are present burst into tears.48. He was the only person in his company _
43、was invited.49. The people _ were mentioned by him were honest.50. I shall do it in the same way_ you did.51. Anyone who does this kind of job shouldnt be careless.52. Who_ has seen him doesnt like him?53. Which is the magazine _ you borrowed yesterday?54. Ill tell you all_ I know.55. This is the be
44、st movie _Ive ever seen.56. Yu can take any room _ you like.57. Guilin is a beautiful place _ people all over the world want to visit.58. There are moments _ I forget all about it.59. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.60. My girl friend told me
45、 that Dec. 20 is the day_ she was born.61. He will never forget the day_ the weather is cold in New Zealand.62. July and August are the months _the weather is cold in New Zealand.63. Do you still remember the hours _ we had a party in the park?64. Dont you remember that day _we first came here?65. I can never forget the days _we worked together and the days we