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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as aseparate subject. Manipulator applica
2、tion began to filterinto welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this r
3、obot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set f
4、or mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards
5、. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of indust
6、rial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automati
7、on combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. Thisof design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportu
8、nities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical armresear
9、ch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical armon the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spen
10、t most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the firstgeneration of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete likewelding, pai
11、nting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical armis to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand全 全 面 面 落 落 实 实
12、 企 企 业 业主 主 体 体 责 责 任 任 ； ； 持 持 续 续 强 强 化 化“两 两 重 重 点 点 一 一 重 重 大 大”、 、 重 重 点 点 地 地 区 区 和 和 特 特 殊 殊 作 作 业 业 等 等 重 重 点 点 环 环 节 节 监 监管 管 ， ， 遏 遏 制 制 较 较 大 大 以 以 上 上 事 事 故 故 ， ， 保 保 持 持 事 事 故 故 总 总 量 量 继 继 续 续 下 下 降 降， ， 推 推 动 动 两 两 个 个 行 行 业 业 领 领 域 域 安 安 全 全 生 生 产 产 形 形 势 势 持 持 续 续 稳 稳 定 定 好 好 转 转。 。
13、manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the
14、old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relayand discrete electronic circuits) are these fatalflaws: (1)cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2)only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming
15、 the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advant
16、ages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to
17、 as IPC); (2)Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3)the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC forshort). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes itinvented the computer. The me
18、n brought in terms of hardware there, using ahigh level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is arich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, re
19、al-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed intoindustrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed
20、 control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use ofa huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in th
21、e work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics pr
22、ocessing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is2013 年一级建造师工程法规考试真题及答案一、单项选择题(共 70 题，每题 1 分.每题的备选项中，只有 1 个最符合题意)1 .下列己经颁布的规范性法律文件中，不属于宪法部门法范畴的是()A .全国人民代表大会组织法B . 中华人民共和国国际法C . 中华人民共和国反垄断法D . 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选取法答案：C解析： 反垄断法 属干经济法。参见教材 p2.2 .根据 中华人民共和国保险法 ，投保人参保建筑工程
23、一切险的建筑工程项目，保险人须负责赔偿因()造成的损失和费用。A .设计错误B .原材料缺陷C .不可预料的意外事故D .工艺不完善答案：C解析：建筑工程一切险是在建造过程中因自然灾害或意外事故而引起的一切损失的险种。参见教材 p40 。3 .下列法律责任中，属于刑事处罚的是()A .处分B .暂扣执照C .恢复原状D .罚金答案：DManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industria
24、l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as aseparate subject. Manipulator application began to filterinto welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperature
25、s, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of
26、promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development o
27、f the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique
28、 advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as th
29、e use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly ar
30、m welding machine by PLC Automation control. Thisof design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design
31、 in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical armresearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical armo
32、n the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the firstgeneration of manipulator pos
33、ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete likewelding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulat
34、ors have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical armis to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand全 全 面 面 落 落 实 实 企 企 业 业主 主 体 体 责 责 任 任 ； ； 持 持 续 续 强 强 化 化“两 两 重 重 点 点 一 一 重 重 大 大”、 、 重 重 点 点 地 地 区 区 和 和 特 特 殊 殊 作 作 业 业 等 等 重 重 点 点 环 环 节 节 监 监管
35、 管 ， ， 遏 遏 制 制 较 较 大 大 以 以 上 上 事 事 故 故 ， ， 保 保 持 持 事 事 故 故 总 总 量 量 继 继 续 续 下 下 降 降， ， 推 推 动 动 两 两 个 个 行 行 业 业 领 领 域 域 安 安 全 全 生 生 产 产 形 形 势 势 持 持 续 续 稳 稳 定 定 好 好 转 转。 。manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classificati
36、on of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relayand discrete e
37、lectronic circuits) are these fatalflaws: (1)cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2)only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantia
38、l increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing con
39、tent control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2)Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3)the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC forshort). 2.1.2 PLC and th
40、e IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes itinvented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using ahigh level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is arich software reso
41、urces, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used
42、 to control, whereas now it is successfully developed intoindustrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use ofa huge advantage. Though distributed system has g
43、reat advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of fu
44、nctions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is解析：刑事处罚包括主刑和附加刑两部分。主刑有：管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑和死刑。附加刑有：罚金、剥夺
45、政治权利和没收财产.参见教材 P46.4 .根据 建筑法 ，在建工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起()内，向施工许可证颁发机关报告，并按照规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作.A . 15 天B . 1 个月C . 2 个月D . 3 个月答案：B解析：在建的建筑工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起一个月内，报告，并按照规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作.参见教材 P54 .5 .以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核准、备案文件和国有土地使用权出让合同，向建设项目所在城市、县人民政府()领取建设用地规划许可证。A .土地主管部门B .建设行政
46、主管部门C .城乡规划主管部门D .授权的镇人民政府答案：C解析： 以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目， 在签订国有土地使用权出让合同后，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核准、备案文件和国有土地出让合同，向城市、县人民政府城乡规划主管部门领取建设用地规划许可证。参见教材 P51 。6 .关于建筑工程施工许可管理的说法，错误的是()A .申请施工许可证是取得建设用地规划许可证的前置条件B .保证工程质量和安全的施工措施须在申请施工许可证前编制完成 C .只有法律和行政法规才有权设定施工许可证的申领条件D .消防设计审核不合格的，不予颁发施工许可证各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考
47、试资料Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as aseparate subject. Manipulator appl
48、ication began to filterinto welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of thi
49、s robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions se
50、t for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa