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1、Unit 5 Language Points 1. take. for granted - regard sth as true or as certain to happen 认为 .是真的 ; 认为 .是理所当然的; 认为 .没问题eg: We took his co-operation for granted. Paraphrase the following, using this sentence pattern:1) Dont think he will certainly help you. (Dont take his help for granted.) 2) He thin
2、ks that everything is true. (He takes everything for granted.) 3) I want myself not to think that everything is true. (I want myself not to take everything for granted.) 4) My mother thought he would certainly come. (My mother took his coming for granted.) take it for granted that. 认为 .是理所当然的事eg: Sh
3、e took it for granted that he would feel ashamed of his wrongdoings. Paraphrase the following: 1) I thought she would certainly stay with us. (I took it for granted that she would stay with us.) 2) We felt sure that he would study hard. (We took it for granted that he would study hard.) 3) I think i
4、t is natural for students to help one another. (I take it for granted that students help one another.) 4) We think parents should give their children enough money to spend. (We take it for granted that parents will give their children enough money to spend.) 2. grant grant (vt.) a) consent to give o
5、r allow (what is asked for) 允许给予 ,同意给予 ,答应 (请求等 ) grant sb. sth. / grant sth to sb. eg: The general granted us permission to visit the military base. The government will grant land to anybody who is willing to farm it. Paraphrase1) The firm agreed to give him a pension. (The firm granted him a pensi
6、on.) 2) The Premier agreed to interview him. (The Premier granted him an interview.) 3) The headmaster gave us an extra holiday. (The headmaster granted us an extra holiday.) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - b) agree (that sth. is tr
7、ue) 承认 (某事是真的 )grant sth. eg: He granted the truth of what he said. I granted his honesty. He granted that point. grant that. eg: I granted (that) what you said is correct. He granted (that) he didnt like English. Change the following simple sentences into complex ones: 1) I grant his honesty. (I gr
8、ant that he is honest.) 2) He granted the truth of the matter. (He granted that the matter was true.) 3) She granted her wrongdoings. (She granted that what she did was wrong.) 4) The boy granted his theft. (The boy granted that he stole something.) conj. granted / granting granted / granting that.
9、尽管 , 即使= suppose/supposing/provided/providing/on condition that. = if/even if eg: Granted/Granting that he is honest, he may make mistakes. Granted/Granting this is true, what conclusion can you draw? granted (adv.) (used to admit the truth of a statement before introducing a contrary argument) (用于肯
10、定某事物属实,然后提出相反的论点) eg: Granted, its a splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs! Granted, he is very rich, but he is mean. grant (n.) sth. granted (money or land from a government) 赐与之物 (一份给予的土地或一笔津贴) eg: You can get a grant to improve your house. Students in this country receive a grant from
11、 the government. 3. Ill ring you up. = Ill telephone/phone you. Ill give you a call. Ill call you (up). 4. pose pose (v.) a)(derog 贬 ) behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装腔作势eg: Stop posing and tell us what you really think. pose as + n./adj.-claim or pretend to be sb.
12、/sth. 自称 /装成是某事物或某人eg: He poses as an expert. Dont poses as a man who knows everything. He always poses as unusual/uncommon/learned. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - b) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, dr
13、awn or photographed 摆好姿势以便画像或拍照pose (for sb.) eg: The artist asked her to pose for him. He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath. (他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿势) pose (n.) a) . (derog 贬) unnatural or affected way of behaving, intend to impress people eg: His concern for the poor is only a pose. I hate to see his pose.
14、 b). position in which a person poses or is posed (为画像或拍照而摆好的)姿势 ,姿态eg: Please present a pose for the camera. She adopted an elegant pose. strike an attitude/a pose - hold or put the body in a certain way or use gesturesto emphasize what one says or feels; speak or write about ones opinion; intentio
15、nsor feelingsin a dramatic or artificial way (装腔作势 ) eg: He struck a pose/an attitude of defiance with a typically hard-hitting speech. （他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违抗的姿势。）She struck a pose/an attitude to protest. 5. pest troublesome or annoying or destructive thing or anima; nuisance eg: Flies and mice are pests. S
16、ome insects are pests. pest control - destruction of pest (with poison, traps etc.)eg: People always try to have pest control. (Informal) annoying person or thing eg: The child is an absolute pest - he keeps ringing the doorbell and running away. 6. engage engage (v.) a) obtain the right to employ o
17、r occupy 雇佣 ,聘用 ,租用eg: He will engage a servant. We will engage a young man as a guide/an interpreter. Paraphrase 1) Our company needs to employ a new secretary. 2) She was employed as an interpreter. 3) They will hire a camera for their outing. b)take part in, be busy with, work at (often used in p
18、assive) 忙于 .,从事 ., 做着 . be engaged (in.) eg: He is engaged in business/writing a novel. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - Paraphrase 1) Xiao Li was busy writing letters when I saw him. 2) John and his brother are busy with a plan. 3)
19、He is taking part in violent argument. 4) She is having a conversation. c) cause sb. to take part in or be occupied in sth. 使某人参加某人或某事engaged (sb) in sth. eg: I engaged him in conversation I have no time to engage in gossip. d) promise or agree to marry (passive) 订婚be engaged (to sb.) eg: Tom and An
20、ne are engaged. Tom is engaged to Anne. My sister is engaged to an armyman. e)promise (to do sth.) 保证 (做某事 ) engaged oneself to do sth. eg: We engage ourselves to fulfil our obligation. He engaged himself to pay back the money. I engage myself to be there on time. Paraphrase 1) He promised to come a
21、nd help me. 2) Our teacher promised to tell us a story. 3) The students promised to study harder. 4) My mother promised to make me a new dress. f)When telephoning, someone is using the line (passive) eg: The line/number is engaged. g)attract (passive) eg: His attention is engaged. engagement (n.) a)
22、. promise or undertaking esp. one that is formal or made in writing (约言 ,契约 ) eg: He only has enough money to meet his engagement. She never breaks her engagement. b). arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or to do sth.约会eg: I have an engagement at four today. He cancelled all his engagements. She ha
23、s quite a few engagements for next week. I have an engagement with the doctor tomorrow. c). agreement to marry 婚约eg: Their engagement was announced in the newspaper. She has broken off her engagement. engaging(adj.) - likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming an engaging smile/manner/perso
24、n 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7. asphyxiate asphyxiate(vt.) make ill, cause the death of, through lack of enough air in the lungs使窒息 , 闷死eg: The men in the coal-mine were asphyxiated by the bad gas. The old man was asphyxiated w
25、hen swimming. The room will asphyxiate us. n. asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia = suffocation -u condition caused by lack of air in the lungs eg: The miners died of asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia. asphyxiation (n.) 窒息剂 , 窒息器8. flavour/flavor flavour/flavor (n.) c u-taste and smell, esp. of food味道 ,滋味eg
26、: Adding salt to food improves the flavour. I dont like the flavour of onions. He likes ice cream with a chocolate flavour. This food has strong flavour. flavour/flavor (vt.) - give a flavour to 调味 , 加味于 .; 使有特殊风味flavour sth. with sth. eg: She flavoured the cake with chocolate. What do people flavou
27、r chicken with? (. ginger, onion, sauce, garlic ) I dont like meat strongly flavoured with pepper. (sth) flavour sth eg: Onion flavours fish. Chocolate flavours ice cream and milk. be flavored with = be filled with the smell of. eg: The room is flavoured with stale vegetable. The telephone booth is
28、flavoured with sweat. flavouring (n.) c u thing added to food to give it flavor 调味料eg: The orange drink contains no artificial flavourings. The soup needs more flavouring. 9. chill chill (v.) -make or become cold 使寒冷 , 变得寒冷eg: Dont chill their enthusiasm. He was chilled to the bone. chill (n.) a) un
29、pleasant feeling of coldness 寒意eg: There is a chill in the air. Take the chill of the water. (warm it a little) (fig) The bad news cast a chill over the people. b) illness caused by cold and damp eg: He caught a chill. (caught a cold) chilly (adj.)- cold 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师
30、归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - eg: It is chilly today. 10. fidget fidget (v.) (cause sb. to) move the body about restlessly; make nervous (使)坐立不安eg: When the bell rings, the boys begin to fidget. Hurry up, your father is fidgeting. fidget about with. eg: Its bad manners to fi
31、dget about with the cutlery at the table. (用餐时摆弄刀叉是不礼貌的) fidget (n.) a) c person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人eg: Youre such a fidget. b) the fidget - restless movements (坐立不安 ) eg: I always get the giddiest during long meetings. fidgety (adj.) - restless eg: He is a fidgety child. 11. tend tend (v.) a)be incl
32、ined to do sth; have a direction 容易做某事 ; 倾向tend to do sth. eg: People tend to get fat when they grow older. I tend to agree with you. Paraphrase 1)He is inclined to drive too fast. 2)It is easy for my mother to get tired in the evening. 3)You always make silly mistakes in your dictation. 4)He always
33、 pitches the ball too high. tend to/towards sth. - take a certain direction 朝某方向eg: His opinion tends to mine (fig) He tends towards extreme views. b) take care of or look after eg: The nurses tend the patients carefully. The shepherds tend their sheep. tendency (n.) - turning or inclination; a way
34、a person or a thing tends to be show/have a tendency to (do) sth. eg: Business is showing a tendency to improve. She has a tendency to fatness. Use the noun form tendency to take the place of the verb form tend in the following: 1) Milk tends to go sour in hot weather. 2) Wood tends to swell if it g
35、ets wet. 3) Boys tend to fight. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4) Old people tend to forget things. tendentious (adj.) (derog 贬) (of a speech, a piece of writing) aimed at a cause eg: Such tendentious statements are likely to provo
36、ke strong opposition. 12. ignore ignore (vt.) a). take no notice of; refuse to take notice of不顾 , 忽视ignore sth./sb. eg: Miss Li ignored my questions. Say the following sentences in another way, using ignore: 1) She took no notice of my presence. 2) They took no notice of this rubbish. 3) I am sittin
37、g here, but she takes no notice of me. b). pay no attention to不理睬 , 不理会eg: They ignored traffic regulations. Paraphrase 1) He paid no attention to his parents advice. 2) My mother paid no attention to the ringing of the bell. ignorant (adj.) a). (of persons) knowing little or nothing; not aware 不知道的
38、 , 无知的eg: He is so ignorant that he cant write his name. His ignorant behavior at the dinner table caused much embarrassment. b). (of sth.) showing ignorance; resulting from ignorance. e.g an ignorant reply ignorant conduct/look/stare be ignorant of/about. (not aware of) eg: Martin was ignorant of l
39、iterature Paraphrase 1) She doesnt know what life really is. 2) He didnt know my absence from the meeting. 3) We dont know what has happened. 4)They are unaware of our presence. ignorance (n.) u the state of being ignorant; want of knowledge 不知 , 无知eg: If he did wrong, it was only through ignorance.
40、 be in (complete) ignorance of. eg: I am in complete ignorance of his plan. Use the noun form ignorance in the following: 1) We are ignorant of his plot. 2) They were unaware of the true facts. 3) The teacher didnt know what the students had done. 13. daze daze (vt.) a). make sb. feel stupid or unab
41、le to think clearly 使人惶惑或眩晕精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - daze sb. eg: So much work dazed me. If anyone gives you a blow on the head, youll feel dazed. b). surprise and bewilder sb. eg: I was dazed by her sudden offer. dazed (adj.)
42、 eg: a dazed look/manner 茫然的神态或举止 daze (n.) - the state of being dazed in a daze - in a confused state 处于茫然状态eg: Ive been in a complete daze since I heard the news. 14. assure assure (vt.) cause sb. to be sure, to feel certain assure sb./oneself of sth. eg: I can assure you of my full support for yo
43、ur plan. Peter assured me of his interest in books. Paraphrase 1) Ill make him believe what I said is true. 2) He tried to make me feel sure that he would welcome me. assure sb. that. 向.保证eg: We tried to assure him that we were right. They assured him that nothing would happen to him. Change the fol
44、lowing into simple sentences: 1) I assured them that they would be perfectly safe with us. 2) They tried to assure me that what they said was true. 3) I can assure you that Ill fully support you. assure oneself that. - make sure. 确实弄清楚 , 确保eg: The man assured himself that the bridge was safe. Paraph
45、rase 1) The boy made sure that he could catch the train. 2) Being going to bed, she make sure that she had locked the door. assured (adj.) definite 肯定的 , 自信的eg: There is an assured demand for goods. He spoke in his assured tone. assurance (n.) - certainty, confidence 确信 , 信心do sth. with assurance eg
46、: He answered the question with assurance. He often speaks with assurance. have assurance of . eg: I have full assurance of his honesty. I have assurance of his support. give sb. ones assurance 向.保证eg: He gave me his assurance that he would help me. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -
47、- - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 15. indiscreet indiscreet (adj.) - cautious; not careful 不审慎 , 不稳重discreet adj. - careful eg: Dont tell her any secrets, she is so indiscreet. discretion (n.) - indiscreet conduct; lack of discretion 不谨慎的言行eg: He often commits youthful discretion. 16
48、. circulation n. number of copies of a newspaper or books to the public 发行量eg: Yangcheng Evening is a newspaper with a daily circulation of 2 million. He has just published a book with a circulation of 100 thousand. 17. envious envious (adj.) - full of envy; jealous be envious of 羡慕 , 嫉妒eg: I am env
49、ious of your success. She was envious of Janes good fortune. We are envious of her beauty. envy (v.) - be envious of envy sb./sth. eg: I envy your good fortune. She envied his wealth. envy (n.) sbs envy at sth./of sb. eg: His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy. She is filled with envy at my
50、 success. 18. be in (much/more) evidence - be clearly or easily seen eg: The first signs of spring are in evidence. Paraphrase 1) Mrs. Jones in a bright dress was very clearly seen. 2) She is the sort of woman who likes to attract attention. 3) If you want to thumb a lift, you must stand in a place