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1、学习好资料欢迎下载小升初单项复习之句子(一)there be结构1. there be 结构表示“某时或某地存在着某事物或某人”。这种句子结构中的there 是个引导词,本身没有词义;be 是谓语动词, be 后面的名词为主语,两者的数必须一致;句子的最后是地点或时间状语。there be 结构: there is 或者 there are (一般过去时: there _或 there _) 2. there is 结构中的谓语动词be 在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is 或 was,是复数时用are 或 were。如 : 花瓶里有一朵花。_ 3. 句子
2、中有几个并列的主语时,be 的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即“就近原则” 。如:There _a boy ,a girl and two women in the house. There _ten students and a teacher in the office. 4. 在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提至句首。如: In the tree there are five birds. 5. 句型转换:(1)否定句: there be 的否定式通常在be 后加 not 构成(在口语中be 时常与 not 缩写在一起)。如果句子中有some,要变成 _。如:Th
3、ere are some children in the picture. _. (2)一般疑问句及其答语:把be 提到 there 前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。肯定答语: _ 否定答语: _ (3) 特殊疑问句及其回答:提问主语: What is +地点介词短语?(注:无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)如:There are some birds in the tree. _? 提问可数名词前的数量:How many+ 复数名词 +are there+其他?(注:无论主语是单数还是复数, be 通常用 are)如:There is a cat under the bed. _? 注:同样表
4、示“有”,have 表示人拥有,而there be 句型表示某地或某时存在某事情或人。练习一、根据句意,用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. -_Kelsy _(have) a computer? -Yes,she _. 2. -_(be)the watch yours? -No,it _my mothers. 3. There _(be) some apples on the plate. 4. There _(be )a radio and two pens on the table. 5. _(be) there any grapes and a storybook on the desk?
5、6. Jim _(have) a sister and a brother. 二、将下列句子改为一般疑问句。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1. There is a vase on the desk. _. 2. There are some flowers in the basket. _. 3. There are some children in the classroom. _. 4. There we
6、re two desks in the study just now. _. 三、对划线部分提问。1. There are twenty girls in the TV room. _? 2. There is a water bottle on the table. _? 3. There are some books on the teachers desk. _? 4. There is a flower in the vase. _? 5. There is a flower in the vase. _? 6. There is some milk in the fridge. _?
7、 (二)一般现在时1. 一般现在时表示一般情况下经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 一般现在时的谓语动词为be 动词时, be 的变化规律“我是am, 你是 are, is 用于他、他、他,复数形式都是are” 。3. 一般现在时的谓语动词除了be 动词之外还有其他实义动词,当主语为第三人称单数时动词需有变化,除了第三人称单数的其他人称,动词用原形。4. 主语为第三人称单数时动词的变化规则。(1)一般的动词,直接在词尾加-s. 如: stop_open_ (2)以 -s,-x,-sh,-ch 等结尾的动词,加-es. 如:watch_wash_ (3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词去y 加-ies.
8、 如:study_fly_ 5. 句型转换:(1)否定句有 be 动词的,直接在be后面加 not。如:She is in the study._ 没有 be 动词的,需用助动词来帮忙。主语是第三人称单数时助动词用does,其他人称的助动词都用do。如:(2) 一般疑问句有 be 动词的,直接将be 前置放句首。如:没有 be 动词的,需用助动词来帮忙。主语是第三人称单数时用助动词does,其他人称的助动词都用do。练习精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - -
9、 - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一、用 be 动词的正确形式填空。1. We _in the library now. 2. Childrens Day_in June. 3. Helen and David _ in the library now. 4. I _ a student. 5. _you a driver? 二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。study_swim_sing_wish_ say _fly_taste_catch_ 三、将下列句子改为否定句。1. The dog is behind the house. _ 2. He walks to school ev
10、ery morning. _ 3. They go to parties every Spring Festival. _ 4. Jim sees some public signs in the park. _ 四、将下列句子改为一般疑问句。1. They are teachers. _ 2. Helen visits her grandma every month. _ 3. We have School Festivals every year. _ 4. This dog often runs after that dog. _ (三)现在进行时1. 现在进行时:表示正在发生的动作。(
11、1)它常与表示现在的时间连用。( 2 ) 当句首有 look,listen 时,也用现在进行时态。如:Look,Miss Wang is having an English lesson. Listen,she is singing. 2. 现在进行时的句子构成:主语+be 动词 +动词的现在分词(1)be 动词随着主语的变化而变化(am,is,are)( 2 ) 动词变成现在分词的变化规则:一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing, 如:watch_,look_,read_ 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,去掉 e 后加 -ing, 如 dance_,skate_, taste_ 以 重 读 闭 音 节
12、 结 尾 的 动 词 , 双 写 尾 字 母 后 加-ing , 如 :swim_,get_,travel_,cut_,stop_,shop_,run_,put_ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载3. 句型转换:(1)肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句He is running now. (2)特殊疑问句对主语提问:Miss Yang is looking for her pen. _? 对动作提问:They are t
13、alking about public signs. _? 练习一、写出下面单词的现在分词。come_ dance _ put _ travel _ go _ pick _ take _ jog _swim _ taste _ 二、完成下列句子。1. 南希正在看一部日本卡通片。Nancy _ _ a Japanese cartoon. 2. 刘涛的父亲正在浇花。Liu Taos father is _ _. 3. 孩子们正在操场上踢足球。The children _ _ _in the playground. 三、按照要求改写句子。1. He is taking a walk in the p
14、ark. (改为否定句)_ 2. We are talking about them.( 改为否定句 ) _ 3. The fish is swimming.( 改为一般疑问句) _ 4. Mike is playing computer games.( 对划线部分提问) _ 5. The children had a good time last week.( 用 now 替换 last week) _ 6. The girl dances beautifully.( 在句首加上look) _ (四)一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去的某一时间里发生的事情,用动词的过去式表示。标志性词:yest
15、erday,last night,three days ago. . 一般过去时的肯定陈述句:主语+动词过去式 +其他一般过去时的否定陈述句:主语+didnt+ 动词原形 +其他主语 +wasnt/werent+其他一般过去时的一般疑问句:Did (not)+ 主语+动词原形 +宾语?Was/Were (not)+主语 +表语?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一般过去时的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+ 主语 +
16、动词原形 +宾语?特殊疑问词 +were/was+主语 +表语?动词过去式的规则变化:1. 一般情况下, 在动词原形后加-ed 如:visit_,play_,listen_, clean_ 2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,只加-ed. 如: live_ 3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,将y 变 i 再加 -ed. 如: study_,empty_ 4. 以重读闭音节(辅音+元音 +辅音)或r 音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个字母后再加-ed. 如:stop_prefer_ 动词过去式的不规则变化:go_are_am/is_have_come_ give_tell_make_ta
17、ke_run_ sit_swim_drink_ 注:在一般过去时的句子中,如果使用了助动词did,didnt 等,那么谓语动词无需变化。如:He didnt go to the cinema last night. 练习一、写出下列动词的过去式。Is_ get_ tell_ sing_ draw_ put_come_ teach_ make_fly_ 二、根据首字母提示将短文补充完整。It w Sunday yesterday.We children in Class Five w out to have a picnic.We h sausages( 香肠 ),eggs,pork and c
18、hicken legs.I a three chicken legs and f very thirsty.Jenny gave me her Coke and I d half a bottle.After lunch,we p games together.Mr Black helped us take a lot of pictures.We really h great fun.We w back at 5:00 p.m.and g home at about 5:30.It was a happy day for every one of us. 三、用动词的正确形式填空。1. _(
19、do)you _(have)many pets before? 2. _(do)Mary _(speak)a lot in class yesterday? 3. Tony _(sleep)to 10:00 in the morning last Sunday. 4. Jacks father _(give)him a present for his birthday. 5. I _(go)to the farm last Saturday. 6. Tom_(be)ill yesterday. 7. The students _(clean)the classroom just now. 8.
20、 We _(have)a sports meeting yesterday. (五)一般将来时一般将来时就是表示将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。标志性词语:tomorrow,next week 等。结构: 1. be going to (注意: be 的使用 ) 2. will/shall+ 动词原形注:某些动词的现在进行时可表示将来的意义,这些词都是表示短暂的动作,即动作一发生即告结束或者很快就结束,因此叫做瞬间性动词。C 这些动词有come,go,leave 等。如:精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - -
21、- - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载My uncle is coming to see us later. We are going to Beijing next month. I am leaving Guangzhou. 练习一、中译英。1. 我们打算下星期去拜访爷爷和奶奶。_ 2. 你打算明天早上干什么呢?_ 3. 明天要下雨了。_ 4. David 的父母打算明天给花浇水。_ 5. 你明天打算在哪儿弹钢琴?_ 二、单项选择。()1. We are going to _on the moon in 20 years time.
22、 A.walks B.walking C.walk ()2. I am going to _a soldier 10 years later. A.are B.is C.be ()3. It will _very cold tomorrow. A.be B.is C.going to be ()4. Chen Jie will _China some day. A.leave B.going to leave C.leaves ()5._you coming to class next Sunday? A.Will B.Are C.Shall ()6.Mike often_exercise o
23、n Thursday afternoon. A.takes B.in taking C.is going to take ()7.-Is he going to the shop to buy a magazine? -Yes,he _. A.be B.is C.will ()8.-Will you be a teacher? -No,I _. A.am not B.wont C.will ()9.-Are you coming this afternoon? -No,we _. A.arent B.,wont C.will ()10._be snowy two days later. A. Ill B.Itll C.Well 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -