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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料Reading Comprehension for CET 6 Passage 1 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatche
2、s it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks youre a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous people
3、s saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about
4、 the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war
5、 or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915-even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepte
6、d stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazines photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since i
7、ts founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that dont challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white womens breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asun
8、der by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the societys stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually
9、 likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images. 1.The main idea of
10、the passage is_. APhotographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. BThere is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. CPopular magazines such as National Geographic should show pict
11、ures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. DAnthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_. Atook pictures with the natives Bgave exaggera
12、ted accounts of the native lands 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料Cask for pictures from the natives Dgave the natives clocks and Western dresses 3.The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to_. Ashow how peo
13、ple in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners. Billustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues. Cshow how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people. Dshow the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
14、4.“But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. ”In this sentence,the“oneculturethat stares back”refers to_. Athe indigenous culture Bthe Western culture Cthe academic culture Dthe news business culture 5.With which o
15、f the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree? AReporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies. BThe primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture. CThe western media are not pres
16、enting a realistic picture of the faraway societies. DPeople in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values. 答案 : A B B A CPassage 2 The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient
17、reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon,its prevention,or its effective management,much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. There is
18、general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues,insurers,and governm
19、ent. The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial,religious,and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example,countries,cultures,and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in whi
20、ch neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society
21、and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major foc
22、us of attention for imbuing future doctors with 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling,if inconclusive,data that suggest that during medical school the e
23、thical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed,moral development may actually stop or even regress. The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of
24、 integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a schools culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover,the s
25、chools examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally,the treatment of infractions must be firm,fair,transparent,and consistent. 6.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools? AExtensive research has been done about this phenomenon. BWe have suf
26、ficient data to prove that prevention is feasible. CWe are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale. DReliable data about the extent,prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking. 7.According to the author,it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because_.
27、 AThe medical profession is based on trust. BThere is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine. CThe medical profession depends on the government. DCheating exists extensively in medical schools. 8.What does the author say about the cause(s)of cheating? AFamily,culture and society play an active part.
28、 BBad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating. CParents are always to blame for their children s cheating behaviour. DCheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV. 9.According to the author,what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students fr
29、om cheating? AMedical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity. BMedical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society. CMedical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values. DThere is nothing medical schools can do to
30、 improve the ethical behaviour of their students. 10.The author will probably agree with which of the following statements? AMedical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition. BProminent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral stand
31、ards to be applied in medical schools. CMedical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity. DThose students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school. 答案 : D A A C C 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - -
32、- - - -第 3 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料Passage 3 A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played.When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the childre
33、n I interviewed werePlatformers andBeat-them-ups. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles,moving on through the levels,and progressing through the different stages of the game.Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over
34、 their violent content.These games involve fights between animated characters.In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed. Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensi
35、ty of the game play,which is said to spill over into children s everyday lives.There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games.Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in ag
36、gressive yells at the screen.It is not only the Beat-them-up games which produce this aggression;platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all theirlives and die just before the end of the level is reached.Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images o
37、n the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination.When the player loses and the wordsGame over appear on the screen,there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error.This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when pla
38、ying football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score.The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gamingaddictive :the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have one last go in the hope of doing better next time. Som
39、e of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground.The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or
40、films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior.Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior,make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability. 11.What is the topic of this article? AHow does playing computer games affect the level of violence in childr
41、en BThere is no difference between Platform games and Beat-Them-Ups . CHow to control anger while playing computer games DHow to make children spend less time on computer games 12.Which of the following games is supposed to contain violent content? ASonic BSuper Mario CPlatformer DBeat-Them-Up 13.Wh
42、at does unscathed(Paragraph 1,Last line)probably mean? Aunsettled Bunbeaten 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料Cunharmed Dunhappy 14.According to the second paragraph,how does violence relate to playing computer games
43、? AWhen losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger. BBeat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior. CPeople who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others. DThe violent content in the games gets ch
44、ildren addicted to the games. 15.According to the author,why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies? ABecause children cannot tell fiction from reality. BBecause children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground. CBecause computer games involve children more than TV
45、or films. DBecause computer games can produce more anti-social behavior. 答案 : A D C A C Passage 4 In Brazil,the debate over genetically modified organisms,or GMOs, affects mostly soybean production.Brazil is the worlds second largest producer of soybeans behind the United States and ahead of Argenti
46、na.Most European and Asian retailers want to remain GM free. Non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in Brazil are going on a media offensive to prevent the legalization of genetically modified crops.Environmentalists and consumer groups for years have been able to thwart government and companies attem
47、pts to legalize altered food.In radio dramas that are being broadcast in remote regions,Brazilian NGOs are telling soy farmers the use of genetically modified seeds could endanger their health,their fields and their business.We are not saying that genetic engineering is,in principle,something bad;we
48、 say that we need more science to be sure that it will work in an appropriate way with no harm in the future,said campaign coordinator Jean-Marc von der Weid.This is both for health and environmental reasons.The other question is on economics.What we think is that in Brazil,if we approve the GMOs,we
49、 will lose a spectacular advantage that we have now.We are selling more to the international market,mostly for Europe and Asia,than we have done in our history,because we are not GMO contaminated. Another opposition group,Action Aid,has been organizing grass-roots support in Brazilian farming region
50、s to rouse consumer sentiment against legalization.Action Aid public policy director Adriano Campolina says he is fighting for farmers to remain independent.When the small-scale farmer or a big farmer starts using this kind of seed,this farmer will be completely dependent on the transnationals,which