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1、一、地层 stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem元古宇Proterozoic Eonothem太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleo
2、gene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System
3、泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界Neoproterozoic Erathem震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem古元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem地层对比stratigraphic correlation层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid 连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合con
4、formity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 倾角dip真倾角true dip 视倾角apparent dip 倾伏角plunge 侧倾角pitch 层理bedding层面bedding planes 交错层理cross bedding 二、岩性 lithology
5、粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentary rock火成岩igneous rock变质岩metamorphic rock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone, pelitic siltstone, muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limes
6、tone泥灰岩marl, marlstone精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物 mineral石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏
7、gypsum硬石膏anhydrite石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite水氯镁石bischofite四、颜色 colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造 tectonics断层fault正断层normal f
8、ault 逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint 上盘hanging wall 下盘foot wall 落差throw 平错heave 断层泥fault gouge 断层角砾fault brecci 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 海侵
9、transgression 海退regression 褶曲fold背斜anticline 向斜syncline 褶轴fold axis 轴隆区culmination 轴陷区depression 翼limb 穹窿dome 盆地basin 六、水文地质 hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater lev
10、el含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer?弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含
11、水岩组water-bearing formation含水岩系water-bearing rock series持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitati
12、on recharge地表水补给surface water recharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 地下水监测
13、groundwater monitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf w
14、ater矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water bu
15、rst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of top wall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of to
16、p wall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structural plane工程地质条件engineering geologic condition八、环境地质 environmental
17、geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution污染源pollution source
18、地下水资源枯竭groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwater quality九、资源 / 储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic 远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginal
19、ly economic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic 矿石ore矿层ore bed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 富矿体ore shoot, ore course贫矿poor ore精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -