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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语II（1）动名词和不定式综合复习练习深圳电大 苏曼华非限定动词又称非谓语动词，即在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词。开放英语3要求掌握不定式和动名词。一、 不定式动词不定式又称动词原形，指不受人称、数、时态限定的动词形式，也就是词典里通常列出的形式，前面一般有小品词to，但也有时不带to。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能。1 不定式的形式形式构成举例（以take为例）肯定式to + 动词原形to take否定式not to + 动词原形not to take进行式to be + 动词现在分词to b
2、e taking完成式to have + 动词过去分词to have taken被动式to be + 动词过去分词to be taken复合结构for +名词或代词宾格+ to +动词原形for Peter/him to take2 不定式的用法功能讲解例句作主语可以放在句首，但如果不定式过长，习惯上常用it代替不定式作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语不定式置于句末，以免头重脚轻。To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。Its so nice to h
3、ear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。作表语说明主语的性质或内容。My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。作宾语注意有些动词只能跟动词不定式而不跟动名词作宾语，如：allow, promise, refuse, agree, hope, decide, plan, learn, want, offer, arrange, fail, manage等。The baby tried to stand up. 那个婴儿尽力要站起来。He of
4、fered to help us. 他提出要帮助我们。At first he refused to answer any questions. 起初他拒绝回答任何问题。作宾语补足语下列动词后常跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语：ask, tell, want, get, wish, want, like, hate, beg, prefer, expect, advise, order等。下列动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：make, let, have, watch, see, hear, notice, feel, smell, listen to, look at等。Help后的不定式可
5、带或不带to。I want you to be happy. 我要使你幸福。The teacher told us to read the text first. 老师让我们先读课文。I saw him enter the hall. 我看见他走进了大厅。They let me go to Shanghai by plane. 他们让我乘飞机去上海。Can somebody help me (to) move this table? 谁能来帮我搬这个桌子。作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，往往表示未发生的动作, 而且与被修饰词在意义上有动宾关系。所以若不定式是不及物动词，其后应
6、有必要的介词。I have a lot of questions to ask. 我有许多问题要问。The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约来的。He needs a tidy environment to work in. 他需要整洁的工作环境。作状语修饰动词表示目的、结果或原因等。Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚你来看我吗？(表示目的) The boat is too small to seat all of us. 船太小了，坐不下我们所有人。(表示结果) Im sorry to
7、 hear that. 听说这事，我很难过。(表示原因)动词不定式前可带有who, how, when, why, where, which等疑问词，分别作主语、宾语补足语等成分，其作用相当于一个从句。How to do it is still a problem. (主语)如何做还是个问题。She told me how to answer the question. (宾补)她告诉我如何回答这个问题。Can you tell us who/why/how/when/ where to do it? (宾补) 你能告诉我们谁/为什么/如何/什么时候/在哪里做吗？二、 动名词动名词也是非限定动
8、词的一种形式。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称动名词。1 动名词的形式形式构成举例（以take为例）肯定式v-ingtaking否定式not v-ingnot taking完成式having + 动词过去分词having taken被动式being + 动词过去分词being taken复合结构物主代词或名词所有格 + v-inghis/Peters taking2 动名词的用法功能讲解例句作主语可以放在句首，前面还可以有形容词修饰或物主代词（名词所有格）限定。在“It is no use (good)”等习惯用语中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语v-ing置于句末。Talk
9、ing mends no holes. (谚) 空谈无济于事。His knowing my name surprised me. 他知道我的名字真让我惊讶。Finding jobs seems very difficult these days. 近来找工作似乎很难。It is no use quarrelling with her. 跟她吵架是没用的。作宾语注意有些动词(动词短语)只能跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语，如：admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, escape, require, appreciate,
10、keep(on), give up, insist on等。She enjoys listening to classical music. 她喜欢听古典音乐。We must consider his giving it a try. 我们应当考虑让他试一试。We dont mind Marys saying that. 我们不介意玛丽说这些话。He insisted on doing it in his won way. 他坚持按自己的方法来做这件事。作表语对主语说明、解释。Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the childre
11、n. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。作定语一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池三、 动名词与不定式的比较1 动名词多表示抽象一般的概念或行为，而不定式多表示具体的或特定的行为，特别是将来的行为。有时两者都可以用，没有多大的区别。例如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。I like reading novels but I dont like to read this
12、 novel. 我喜欢看小说，但我不喜欢看这本小说。（前者是抽象一般的行为，后者是具体的行为。）I prefer going by bike. But this time I prefer to walk there. 我比较喜欢骑车去。但这次我想走着去。（前者是抽象一般的行为，后者是具体的行为。）2 既能带不定式作宾语又能带动名词作宾语但意义不同的动词1） 在动词forget, remember, regret等之后，用动名词作宾语时，表示动作发生在动词本身之前；用不定式作宾语时， 则表示动作发生在动词本身之后。试比较：forget doing something 忘记曾做过某事 forge
13、t to do something 忘记要做某事remember doing something 记得曾做过某事remember to do something 记得要去做某事或别忘了去做某事regret doing something 因做过某事感到后悔、不安regret to do something 因要做某事感到不安。Ill never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远也忘不了第一次和你见面的情景。I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. 我忘记带雨伞了。I remember seeing you
14、somewhere in Beijing. 我记得在北京的什么地方见过你。You must remember to write us when you get there. 你一定要记得到达那儿时给我们写信。They regretted ordering these books from abroad. 他们后悔从国外订购了这些书。We regret to tell you that we wont be able to attend the meeting. 我们很遗憾地告诉你我们无法出席会议。2） 在动词stop, leave off, go on等之后，通常用动名词作宾语，用动词不定式则
15、表示目的状语。试比较： stop doing停止做某事，stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事leave off doing停止做某事，leave off to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事go on doing继续做原来做的事，go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事Has it stopped raining? 雨停了吗？They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他们停下来去听，但已经没有任何声音了。He has left off working. 他停止工作了。I think we should
16、leave off to have some coffee. 我想我们该休息一下去喝点咖啡。He went on talking. 他继续往下说。He went on to talk about the world situation. 他接着又谈了谈世界形势。3） 在动词mean, try, cant help, cease等之后，是用动名词还是用不定式，要根据这些动词本身的含义而定。试比较：mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算、想。try doing 实验，试着做某事，try to do努力，企图做某事。cant help doing 忍不住要做某事，cant help
17、 to do 无助于做某事。cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做，cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。 Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是解放生产力。What do you mean to do with it? 你打算怎样处理它？Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。I tried hard to restrain myself. 我极力克制自己。He couldnt help feeling embarrassed. 他禁不住感到尴尬
18、。This cant help to raise farm fields. 这不能促进农业产量的增长。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。3 习惯用动名词作宾语的动词admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete完成consider认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape
19、 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caug
20、ht. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。4 习惯用动名词作宾语的短语或结构。admit to承认preferto喜欢be used to习惯于lead to导致devote oneself to致力于object to反对stick to坚持no good不好，不行no use没用be fond of喜欢look forward to盼望be proud of感到自豪be busy忙于cant help忍不住be tired of厌倦be capable of能够be afraid of担心think of 想起burst out突然发生keep on继续insist on坚持count
21、 on指望，依赖set about开始，着手put off延期be good at擅长于take up开始，从事give up放弃be successful in成功于解题指导：Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:1. He avoided _ us a definite answer. A. to give B. giving C. to giving D. give答案是B。动词avoid后只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：suggest, finish, mind,
22、imagine, enjoy miss, resist, risk, escape, advise, deny, practise, require等。2. We decided _ changes in our plan. A. making B. to making C. make D. to make答案是D。动词decide后只能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：allow, promise, refuse, agree, hope, plan, learn, want, offer, arrange, fail, manage 等。3. We think it possible _
23、 their production plan in a few weeks. A. for they to fulfil B. for their fulfilling C. for them to fulfil D. for them fulfil答案是C。此句的意思是“我认为他们几周内完成生产计划是可能的。”句中的“it”显然是形式宾语，真正的宾语则是带逻辑主语的不定式结构，其构成形式是“for + 名词或代词宾格 + 不定式”，所以C是正确的选项。4. They stopped _ to the recorder and began to write their homework. A.
24、 listening B. to listen C. listen D. listened 答案是A。此句的意思是“他们停止听录音机，并开始做作业。”很显然，“听录音机”是“停止”的宾语，而不是目的状语，必须用“stop doing sth”，而不用“stop to do sth”， 所以A是正确的选项。综合练习：I. Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:1. She refused _ use her dictionary.a. to let me b. me to c. me using d
25、. letting me2. Dont forget _ goodbye to her, will you?a. to say b. saying c. being said d. having said3. Fifty miles up the air is too thin _ sound. a. carry b. to carry c. carrying d. to carrying4. We have much work _ this afternoon. a. to do b. doing c. do d. to doing5. He is used to _ hard work.
26、a. do b. did c. doing d. done6. The pupil was afraid of _ scolded by the teacher. a. being b. be c. been d. to be7. Could you tell me _ the machine? a. how working b. how to be worked c. how work d. how to work8. I would have finished my composition by now if I had not stopped _ with him. a. talking
27、 b. to talk c. talked d. talk9. Im so sorry to have kept you _ for a long time. a. waiting b. waited c. to wait d. wait10. The peasants have been busy _ the rice in the past few days. a. get in b. to get in c. getting in d. for getting in11. When the storm comes all windows _. a. ought to close b. o
28、ught to be closing c. ought to be closed d. ought to closed12. We heard nobody _ the room. a. entered b. to enter c. would enter d. enter13. Xiao Wang likes _ harder work. a. being given b. be given c. to give d. gives14. He opened the window _. a. for the fresh air to come in b. for the fresh air c
29、ome inc. for the fresh air coming in d. for the fresh air to coming in15. Here are some knives for them _. a. to cut b. to cut by c. to cut from d. to cut with16. _ work means moving a body through a distance by a force. a. Having done b. Done c. Doing d. Being done17. It is no _ arguing about it, b
30、ecause he will never change his mind. a. use b. help c. time d. while18. “Why were you so late for work today?” “_ to the office was very slow because of the traffic.” a. To drive b. Driving c. I drove d. That I drove19. It is no good _ to come now. He is busy. a. if you ask him b. that you ask him
31、c. to ask him d. asking him20. Is there any use _? a. to try to phone him b. trying to phone him c. tried to phone him d. to trying to phone him21. I would appreciate _ it a secret. a. you to keep b. that you would keep c. your keeping d. that you are keeping22. He didnt seem to mind _ TV while he w
32、as trying to study. a. their watching b. them to watch c. that they watch d. their watch23. I vaguely remember _ something like that. a. him having said b. his saying c. for him to say d. that he say24. She apologized for _ to come. a. her not being able b. her being not able c. not being able d. th
33、at shes not able to25. Its no use _ me not to worry. a. you tell b. your telling c. for you to have told d. having told26. I love _, but I hate _ in a crowded swimming pool. a. to swim, swimming b. swimming, swimming c. to swim, to swim d. swimming, to swim27. He was lucky to escape _ to prison. a.
34、being sent b. sending c. to be sent d. sent28. I dont like _ bills, but if I have received some I like _ them immediately. a. pay, paying b. to pay, paying c. paying, pay d. paying, to pay29. The problem requires _ into immediately. a. looking b. being looked c. to look d. looked 30. I meant _ it bu
35、t I forget to tell you. a. your getting b. you to get c. you getting d. you get31. The house needs _, but we plan to wait until next summer to do it. a. to paint b. being painted c. painted d. to be painted 32. Jenny said it was not right to punish her about _ this time. a. her to be late b. her to
36、have been late c. her being late d. she being late33. One of the machines stopped _ and caused a blockage in the assembly line. a. to work b. working c. having worked d. worked34. I used _ a lot of pocket money when I was young. a. to get b. that I got c. to getting d. to have got35. No one thought
37、that Johns suggestion was worth _. a. to consider b. considering c. to be considered d. of consideration36. We must have an engineer _ the workers build the house.a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen37. Induction means _ a general conclusion from special facts.a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d
38、. came38. Since she is angry, we _. a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave her alonec. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone39. You should remember _ from the point when you are writing a composition.a. dont wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander40. You
39、should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old and ill.a. your father stay b. your father to stay c. your fathers staying d. your father who stays41. John didnt want to risk _ wet as he had only one suit.a. getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten42. It wont be any use _ to borrow any more m
40、oney.a. you to try b. of your trying c. trying you d. your trying43. The law requires all cars _ for safety and efficiency.a. being tested regularly b. to be regularly testedc. be regularly tested d. regularly tested44. I remember _ to the zoo by my father when I was little.a. being taken b. taking
41、c. have been taken d. to have taken45. I completely forgot _ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen.a. locking b. being locked c. to lock d. to have locked46. I regret _ you that your application has been refused.a. informing b. being informed c. to be informed d. to inf
42、orm47. I didnt mean _ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldnt resist _ one.a. to eattrying b. to eatto trying c. eatingto try d. eatingto trying48. I know it isnt important but I cant help _ about it. a. but to think b. thinking c. think d. to think49. Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do y
43、ou expect _ to see him?a.Going b. go c. to go d. that you go50. While she was shopping, she kept _ the list to make sure she hadnt forgotten anything.a. checked b. checking c. to check d. check51. Youd better _. a. to have your shoes mended b. to have mended your shoesc. have your shoes mended d. ha
44、ving your shoes mended52. The machines are made _ at full speed.a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked53. It is certain that men will never stop _ new energy sources to power their growing industry.a. finding b. to find c. having found d. found54. Professor Smith is said _ another important discovery in chemistry.a. having made b. having been made c. to have made d. to make55. There are plans _ a number of atomic power stations i