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1、2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line
2、 through the center.1.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _.AtorrentBtransientCtensileDtextured该问题分值: 1 答案:B2.Nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip.AwearyBtwilightCunanimousDweird该问题分值: 1 答案:D3.The flower under the sun would _ quickly wit
3、hout any protection.AwinkBwithholdCwitherDwidower该问题分值: 1 答案:C4.The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.AsegregationBspecificationCspectrumDsubscription该问题分值: 1 答案:A5.He _ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.
4、ArepealedBresentedCrelayedDreproached该问题分值: 1 答案:D6.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a event.AcholesterolBcharcoalCcatastrophicDchronic该问题分值: 1 答案:C7.He cut the string and held up the two _ to tie the box.AsegmentsBsedimentsCseizuresDsecretes该问题分值: 1 答案:
5、A8.All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts.AcivilizedBchatteredCchamberedDchorded该问题分值: 1 答案:D9.When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be _.AcommencedBcompressedCcompromisedDcompensated该问题分值: 1 答案:B10.She made two cop
6、ies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers.AsensationallyBsimultaneouslyCstrenuouslyDsimply该问题分值: 1 答案:B11.The _ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.AclashBclarifyCclarityDclatter该问题分值: 1 答案:C12.Business in this area has been _ because price
7、s are too high.AprosperousBsecretiveCslackDshrill该问题分值: 1 答案:C13.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ when she was ill and had no money.AplightBpolarizationCplagueDpigment该问题分值: 1 答案:A14.He added a _ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.ApresidencyBprestigeCpostscr
8、iptDpreliminary该问题分值: 1 答案:C15.Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.AoptimisticBoptionalCoptimalDoppressed该问题分值: 1 答案:C16.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the _ of their cities.AparadisesBomissionsCorchardsDoutskir
9、ts该问题分值: 1 答案:D17.The meeting was _ over by the mayor of the city.ApresumedBproposedCpresentedDpresided该问题分值: 1 答案:D18.The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside. A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflewABCD该问题分值: 1 答案:C19.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.
10、AretardedBretiredCrefrainedDretreated该问题分值: 1 答案:A20.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other issues.AprecedenceBprosperityCpresumptionDprobability该问题分值: 1 答案:APart Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed b
11、y some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two
12、 basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societie
13、s bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights, he says. Certain simple economic activities, such
14、 as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensiv
15、e, Olson observes. No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary, he argues. There is no private property without government-individuals may have possessions, the
16、way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well. Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make
17、sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. We would not deposit our money in banks . if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to mak
18、e the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers, Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rath
19、er than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate
20、wealth. If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance, Olson concludes.21.Which of the following is true about Olson?AHe was a fiction writeBHe edit
21、ed the book Power and ProsperitCHe taught economics at the University of MarylanDHe was against the ownership of private propert该问题分值: 2 答案:B22.Which of the following represents Olsons point of view?AProtecting individual property rights encourages wealth buildinBOnly in wealthy societies do people
22、have secure individual rightCSecure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the societDIn some countries, people dont have secure individual rights because theyre poo该问题分值: 2 答案:A23.What does Olson think about mass production?AIts capital intensivBIts property intensivCIt relies on indi
23、vidual laboDIt relies on individual skill该问题分值: 2 答案:B24.What is the basis for the banking system?AContract system that can be enforceBPeoples willingness to deposit money in bankCThe possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowerDThe fact that some people have surplus money while some
24、 need loan该问题分值: 2 答案:A25.According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?Agovernment interventionBlack of secure individual rightsCbeing short of capitalDlack of a free market该问题分值: 2 答案:B Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficie
25、ntly experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all
26、 psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child
27、 feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made
28、before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dang
29、erous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too
30、 much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more f
31、rom their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be
32、 especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.26.The prin
33、ciple underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children _.Ais to send them to clinicsBoffers recapture of earlier experiencesCis in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsDis to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced该问题分值: 2 答案:B27.The child in the nursery _.Aquick
34、ly learns to wait for foodBdoesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsCalways accepts the rhythm of the world around himDalways feels the word around him is warm and friendly该问题分值: 2 答案:B28.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills _.Acan never be taken too farBshould be left to s
35、chool teachersCwill always assist their developmentDshould be balanced between two extremes该问题分值: 2 答案:D29.Jigsaw puzzles are _.Atoo difficult for childrenBa kind of building-block toyCnot very entertaining for adultsDsuitable exercises for parent-child cooperation该问题分值: 2 答案:D30.Parental controls a
36、nd discipline _.Aserve a dual purposeBshould be avoided as much as possibleCreflect the values of the communityDare designed to promote the childs happiness该问题分值: 2 答案:C More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who arent Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under t
37、he age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as Jewish when they get older. That survey asked college fre
38、shmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasnt Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jewish, just 15
39、 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too. I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families. Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt
40、 actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says its n
41、ot clear at this point why thats the case. This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didnt have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern ab
42、out their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys going to cover some of that, she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a re
43、ligion, its an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin s
44、ays Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.31.The best title of this passage is _.AJewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanBJewish Identity in AmericaCJudaism-a Religion?DCollege Jewish Students该问题分值: 2 答案:B32.Among t
45、he freshmen at UCLA _ thought themselves as Jewish.AmostB93% of those whose parents were both JewishC62% of those only whose father were JewishD15% of those only whose mother were Jewish该问题分值: 2 答案:B33.The phrase interfaith marriage in the Paragraph 3 refers to the _.Amarriage of people based on mut
46、ual beliefBmarriage of people for the common faithCmarriage of people of different religious faithsDmarriage of people who have faith in each other该问题分值: 2 答案:C34.Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research?AThe research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as JewisBThe survey was carried out among Jewish FreshmeCThe research survey didnt find out what and how th