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1、外语学院2007年研究生入学考试样题（基础英语）注：1. 由于我院2007年招生考试在内容上有比较大的变化，应考生要求特编制本样题，供考生参考。2. 本样题只提供一个出题的基本模式，不作为2007年入学考试的出题依据，样题中的题目也不代表实际考题内容和形式上的趋势、倾向、偏好等。3. 我们建议考生注重提高自身英语的读、写、译技能，不主张考生据此样题进行揣摩、猜题、押题、缩小范围等活动，凡因此导致考生出现判断失误等问题，样题的编制者不承担任何责任。Part I. Reading: Read the following passages and answer the questions that
2、follow. (50 points)Passage 1. On the Turning Away1 AMERICA is, both proverbially and in reality, a nation of immigrants. That is particularly true of its scientific community which has, since the second world war, attracted and relied on foreign talent to help create the worlds most formidable resea
3、rch machine. Since the countrys economic and military might depend in large measure on the success of that machine, anything which diminishes this flow of talent is likely to be bad for America. And a study released on May 4th by the National Science Foundation (NSF) suggests that delays in the proc
4、essing of visas since September 11th 2001 are having just that effect.2 According to the report, in 2001 the number of visas issued to foreign students fell by 20% from the previous year, with further falls since then. The State Department does not track science students separately from those in oth
5、er disciplines, so it is impossible to work out the precise size of the decline in their numbers. However, the report concludes that “limits to entry imposed by US national security restrictions” are contributing to a declining inflow of science talent.3 Other surveys, such as one of more than 530 A
6、merican universities conducted in February by a consortium of five large educational groups, point to similar conclusions. According to this survey, 60% of the research universities in America reported a decline in applications by foreign graduate students between 2003 and 2004. Nine of the institut
7、ions ranked in the top 25 nationally reported declines of over 30%. Another report, by the General Accounting Office, a congressional investigative agency, took a random sample of visa applications by science students and scientists between April and June 2003, and found that the average time requir
8、ed to get a visa, for those applications sent to Washington, DC, for a security review, was 67 days. And according to a statement released in late April by NAFSA, an international association that promotes student exchanges between America and the rest of the world, almost all applications in the sc
9、iences are sent to Washington, DC, for such a review.4 These security reviews are one reason for the delays. Perhaps they are necessary. However, the outdated and incompatible computer systems of the various government agencies involved mean that they take far longer than they should in the vast maj
10、ority of cases where there is no cause for concern. 5 The second reason for the delays is that virtually all applicants for non-immigrant visas are now required to attend an interview at an American consulate, overwhelming consular staff with short interviews of dubious value. Indeed, the most prono
11、unced delays in visa processingand the most pronounced decline in applicationshas occurred for Chinese students. This suggests the delays are not directly related to concerns about terrorism.6 Things may be improving. According to Maura Harty, the assistant secretary of state for consular affairs, v
12、isa-processing times have dropped significantly over the past few months. Ms Harty says that consular officials have been instructed to send students to the head of the queue, and officials from the State Department and the Department of Homeland Security are working closely with scientific bodies t
13、o improve things. The National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, for example, are operating a website intended to expedite the processing of visas that have been held up. Those with a grievance can register it on this site, and the institutes will then take their
14、complaints up with the government.7 Despite all the hassle, of course, America remains the pre-eminent place in the world to do scientific research, and that is unlikely to change quickly. Nevertheless, the country might help its chances of remaining top dog if it applied some of its technical know-
15、how to the task of processing visas more efficiently.1. How do you understand the word “proverbially” in para. 1?2. Why does the author say that the American scientific community has “attracted and relied on foreign talent” since World War II?3. What effect is “that effect” in the last sentence of p
16、ara. 1?4. Explain “the decline in their numbers” in para. 2.5. What is the meaning of “consortium” in para. 3?6. What is the result of the falling of the number of visas issued to foreign students?7. Why are all applications in the sciences sent to Washington, DC and why do they cause delay?8. Why d
17、oes the author say that “the delays are not directly related to concerns about terrorism”?9. Explain: “consular officials have been instructed to send students to the head of the queue”.10. Explain: “Nevertheless, the country might help its chances of remaining top dog if it applied some of its tech
18、nical know-how to the task of processing visas more efficiently.”Passage 2. Passage 3. Part II. Translation. (60 points)1. Translate the following into Chinese.In recent years intellectual property has received a lot more attention because ideas and innovations have become the most important resourc
19、e, replacing land, energy and raw materials. As much as three-quarters of the value of publicly traded companies in America comes from intangible assets, up from around 40% in the early 1980s. “The economic product of the United States”, says Alan Greenspan, the chairman of Americas Federal Reserve,
20、 has become “predominantly conceptual”. Intellectual property forms part of those conceptual assets. In information technology and telecoms in particular, the role of intellectual property has changed radically. What used to be the preserve of corporate lawyers and engineers in R&D labs has been spe
21、edily embraced by the boardroom. “Intellectual-asset management” now figures as a strategic business issue. In America alone, technology licensing revenue accounts for an estimated $45 billion annually; worldwide, the figure is around $100 billion and growing fast. Technology firms are seeking more
22、patents, expanding their scope, licensing more, litigating more and overhauling their business models around intellectual property. Yet paradoxically, as some companies batten down the hatches, other firms have found ways of making money by opening up their treasure-chest of innovation and sharing i
23、t with others. The rise of open-source software is just one example. And a new breed of companies has appeared on the periphery of todays tech firms, acting as intellectual-property intermediaries and creating a market for ideas.2. Translate the following into English.张辰两年前研究生毕业，凭借实力和机遇，在经过无数轮的竞争后，进
24、入了一家世界排名500强的国际公司。一年内，张辰从一名普通职员做到了项目经理，工资翻了几番。不过最近他向家人宣布：“我又升职了，但是打算圣诞节后辞职。”这让张辰的家人大吃一惊，“没有什么不顺心的，只是觉得工作不会再带给我满足感了。”截至2005年三季度，全国劳动力市场供求状况显示，我国15岁至29岁的青年总体失业率达到了9，远远高于4.5的城镇平均登记失业率。而在此之中，类似张辰这样，选择主动失业的占到了一半以上。Part III. Writing. (40 points)It is said that “the development which destroys environment e
25、ventually destroys development itself”. How do you understand this statement? You are to write a composition of 300 words on this topic.Development and EnvironmentMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions will result in a loss of marks.