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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important
2、 for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要
3、用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The L
4、eague secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案BThe writer and artist has come.; 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数
5、名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with- except, but, besides, including -like, as well as, -rather than, more than, no less than,等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is
6、very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动
7、词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 crew, company, committee ,family, class
8、, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式. 如：The police are looking for the lost child. Are there any police around works工厂，means方法，series系列
9、，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g.This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了。这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。（
10、但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。）7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复
11、数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.9, ）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如：A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quanti
12、ties of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如: Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beij
13、ing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the
14、table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works(单复数同形)等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.T
15、he steel works in the country produce more steel than those in that country.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 而The pairs of shoes under the bed are his.8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人
16、时，动词用复数。表示物时用单数：The good in him outweights the bad.9,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our frien
17、ds. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。 (四)主谓一致中的表里不一现象 和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下1
18、,more than one +名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.2, many a +名词作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利4,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,
19、动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:What they want to get isthe number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.5,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.6,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.7,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The follo
20、wing are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics,means等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示学科以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等;注意: 以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 :某些以-s结尾的地理
21、名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.13,
22、one and ahalf +名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14,One or two more +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15,one of+复数名词+ 定语从句结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如: He is
23、one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱17.下列情况下须视其“具体所指”来确定单、复数：（1）what、which、who、whose等疑问代词作主语。例如：Who is your brother? 你兄弟是谁？Who are League Members? 哪些是团员？注意：若单数、复数不明确，what、
24、who 等疑问代词对应的谓语通常用单数动词。（2）half of、plenty of、the rest of、the last、a lot of、lots of等 + 名词作主语或者all、some、more、most、any、none作主语时，要结合具体语境判断谓语动词用单数还是复数。 总结：a / an + 单名+ or two 大多接单数谓语： one or two + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。One or two reasons were suggested . 提出一两条理由。b）a / an +
25、单名+ and a half常接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已卖了一吨半大米。d） more than one + 单名大多接单数谓语。e.g.More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。e.g.More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过
26、那儿。more than two (three,)+复名 接复数谓语。e.g.More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。主谓一致练习(1)1. Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say
27、 _ this.A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the students _ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is 4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour (酸).A. have; has B. have; have C.
28、 has; have D. have; is 5. Each student -_ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary.A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has6. There _ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There _ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D.
29、is; is 7. Either the judge or the lawyers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 8. His family _ all very well. His family _ a “ five good” one.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is
30、; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 10. Our League secretary and monitor _ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends. A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are11. The girl as well as his parents _ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _ s
31、urprised at Marys answer. A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were12. Who _ the girl singing in the next room? Who _ these people over there?A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 13. Most of the students _ boys. Most of his money _ spent on books.A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D.
32、 is; are14. The policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 15. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 16. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ t
33、o be broadcasted.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 18. No one but Jane _ the secret. Nobody bu
34、t Mary and I _ in the classroom at that time.A. know; was B.knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _ something wrong with the machine. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the
35、only one of the boys who _ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 21. What they have done _ of great use to us. What he says and what he does _ agree.A. is; not B.is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not22. Every picture except these two _. Everything around us _ matter.A.
36、 have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are23. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _ moved to Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has24. one sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of h
37、er time _ devoted to writing. A. comes; is B.come; are C. come; is D. comes; are25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _ League members. About 40% of Jims income _ to the rent (租金). A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go26. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who
38、_ next. A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is27. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. One third of the population here _ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are28. This kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D
39、. are; are29. Half of the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are30. Every man worker and every woman worker _ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _ given a present. A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are31. Many
40、a man _ seen the wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film.A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have32. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. Singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are33. Such _ Albert
41、Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such _ her words.A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _ burnt last night. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are35. If anybody _, ask him
42、 to wait. _ there anything I can do for you?A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D.comes; Is36. Chinese _ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people _ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are37. Little _ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _ done to agai
43、nst fight pollution. A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which _ Taiwan. A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are39. Each of the girls _ an
44、 orange. Each _ his duty.A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have40. When we are to hold the sports meet _ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _ matter. A. have; dont B.has; dont C. have; doesnt D. has; doest 41. Her clothes _ nearly worn out. His physics _ weaker than others. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are42. Five hundred dollars _ more than he can afford. A. is B. are43. Food and clothing _ daily necessities for people. A. is B. are44. The United Nations _ trying to persuade the two countries. A. is B. are45. Three kilometers _ not a long distance. A. is