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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上完形填空完形填空是一种旨在测试学生英语语言综合运用能力的填空补缺式障碍性阅读。它以语篇信息为基础，以中心脉络为主线给学生提供解题信息。主要考查学生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，包括词汇辨析能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。是一种集知识和能力于一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。同时也是高考试题中要求最高、难度最大的一种题型。近年来，高考完形填空在体裁上以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，有时也会出现说明文和议论文。记叙文类完形填空是高考中出现频率很高的一类，是高考完形填空中的重要体裁。记叙文是记人、叙事、写景、状物的文章，有其鲜明的特点。这些特点构成了记叙文
2、写作的基本要素，例如时间、地点、事件的发展、高潮和结局。记叙文完形填空素材的选择通常会注重语言材料的思想性、知识性和时代性，语言材料会突出对情感态度、文化意识的渗透，突出其“励志性”和“教育性”，反映主流价值观，彰显正能量。夹叙夹议类完形填空是近几年高考经常涉及的一类体裁。这类完形填空的特点是篇幅略长，思路跳跃性强。记叙和议论在文中交错运用。有的是以议论引出记叙；有的是在记叙的基础上发表议论。夹叙夹议文的主题明确，或告诉读者一个道理，或引人思考，或给人乐趣。夹叙夹议文完形填空突出考查考生对语言的整体理解能力、把握主题的能力、微语境的识别能力、逻辑推理判断能力及对语言的感悟能力。一般来说，文章记
3、叙的内容积极向上、情节曲折动人、富有知识性和趣味性；文章的议论部分是记叙的升华，兼具教育性和启发性。这类完形填空重在描述事件或描写人物，因此要完成此类完形填空需要掌握以下几个基本的解题思路：1.了解作者所叙述的故事的四大要素，即：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)，以便对文章进行定位，达到全景化理解故事的目的。2.注意作者写作的逻辑顺序。根据故事的不同特点，作者在写作时会采用不同的叙述方式。有顺叙、倒叙和插叙三种方式。3.重视对人物的动作、语言、心理活动的描写，体会作者的写作意图。注意作者的选词，选词体现作者的情感态度。4.重视文化背景知识的应用。很多完形填空
4、涉及西方文化背景知识，熟悉西方文化背景知识是完成某些题目的一个必要的条件。夹叙夹议文完形填空一般有以下特点：(1) 先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法或揭示生活的真理。(2) 文章的开头或者结尾有时是一个完整的富有哲理的句子，这个句子不容忽视，往往是全文的关键句，甚至是文章的主题。作者围绕这一主题用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。(3) 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想内容，要把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，明确作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生
5、活哲理，然后对题目做出判断。说明文是用说明的方式介绍人或事物、阐述事理的一种文体。生活中会经常用到，如人物介绍、产品广告说明、现象解释、成果推广等。说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物、明白事理，故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗，比较易于读者理解。但是在高考完形填空题及平时的模拟测试中，说明文比较少见。说明文将知识性、科学性、应用性和准确性融为一体，常使用下定义、举例、列举、比喻、描述等方法，按时间、空间或逻辑等顺序进行说明。说明文通常具有下列特点：1.多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释，而这种客观介绍与解释一般是不随时间变化而变化的。2.采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存
6、在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。3.遣词用字简练、平实、确切。 议论文类完形填空是难度较高的完形填空形式，它旨在通过剖析事例，论述事理、提出见解或主张，从而告诉读者某种道理或给人某种启迪。近几年高考纯议论类文章较少。议论文完形填空具有以下特点：1.文章篇幅一般较长,容量大、思维跳跃性较强，作者往往通过分析某一具体事例来阐述自己的一个论点。2.议论文的三个要素：论点、论据和论证。实际上，一篇文章就是作者提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的过程，一篇议论文体的文章往往都具备这样的属性。不同的议论文可能采用不同的论点引入方式，因此在把握文章论点时应根据其不同引入方式，采
7、用相应的解题方法。从历年高考题来看,完形填空题涉及议论文体裁的试题不及记叙文和说明文常见。虽然如此，在备考中也不能忽视。掌握议论文的特点，把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点并结合常识去推理和合理想象是做好这类完形填空题的关键。真题演练Cloze 1While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 1 process and foun
8、d something that has changed my 2 at college for the better: I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language.I never felt an urge to 3 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The4 languages were enough in all my interactions. Little did I know that I would discover m
9、y 5 for ASL.The 6 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 7 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 8 of communicating without speaking 9 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 10. This newness just left me 11 more.Af
10、ter that, feeling the need to 12 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to 13 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 14 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 15 those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I 16 a
11、n ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was17. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.18, if there had been any talking, it would have 19 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 20 way of communication it opens.1.A.searching B.planning C.natural D.formal2.A.p
12、rogress B.experience C.major D.opinion3.A.choose B.read C.learn D.create4.A.official B.foreign C.body D.spoken5.A.love B.concern C.goal D.request6.A.meeting B.trip C.story D.task7.A.recorded B.performed C.recited D.discussed8.A.idea B.amount C.dream D.reason9.A.disturbed B.supported C.embarrassed D.
13、attracted10.A.end B.past C.course D.distance11.A.showing B.acting C.saying D.wanting12.A.exercise B.explore C.express D.explain13.A.print B.write C.sign D.count14.A.slow B.steady C.normal D.obvious15.A.chair B.sponsor C.attend D.organize16.A.missed B.passed C.gave up D.registered for17.A.prohibited
14、B.welcomed C.ignored D.repeated18.A.Lastly B.Thus C.Instead D.However19.A.required B.caused C.allowed D.expected20.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new 作者上大学的第一周接触到美式手语，手语的动作和这种新的交流方式吸引了作者。作者从此便爱上了这种无声的交流方式。 1. A 根据上文的“.to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.”以及下文的and
15、found something可知，作者自己经历了这个“探索”的过程，所以选A项。searching“探索的”；planning“计划的”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。2. B根据句意可知，作者在探索的过程中发现了某种东西，这种东西让他的大学经历向更好的方面转化，所以选B项。3. C根据“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.”可知，作者的家人和朋友都没有听力障碍，所以作者以前没有学习手语的强烈欲望。4. D 由于家人和朋友都没有听力障碍，所以“口语”在日常的交往中就足够了。此处的“spoken la
16、nguages”与上文的“sign language”相对应。5. A 根据下文可知，作者接触到手语后，被它吸引，开始学习手语。所以此处应该是作者发现了自己对手语的热爱。6. C 根据下文可知，这里讲述的是作者上大学第一周发生的事情，所以用story。7. B 作者观看了美式手语俱乐部用手语表演的一首歌曲。perform“表演”，符合语境。record“录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss “讨论”，都与文意不符。8. A idea“想法”；amount“数量”；dream“梦想”；reason “理由”。无声交流的想法吸引了作者，故A项符合语境。9. D 下文提到，作者看到的和他过去
17、经历的完全不同。由此可知，作者被手语的动作和无声交流的想法所吸引，所以选D项。disturb“打扰”；support“支持”；embarrass“使困窘”，都不符合语境。10. B 根据前面的had experienced可知，此处填past。in the past“在过去”。11. D 作者感到这种形式非常新颖,自然想要了解更多，所以选D项。12. B exercise“练习”；explore“探索”；express“表达”；explain“解释”。根据文章首句提到的“.encourage students to explore new aspects of life.”可知选B项。13.
18、C 作者那一天只学会了用手语表示字母表。print“印刷”；write“写”；sign “用手势表达”；count“数”，只有sign符合语境。14. A 根据上文的“only”可知，此处应该填“slow”，表示“进步很慢”。15. C 根据后面的宾语those meetings可知，此处应填attend，表示“参加那些会议”。16. D 根据下文提到的professor可知，作者选了美式手语这门课程。register for“注册，选课”，符合语境。17. A 由于教授本人就失聪，所以课上是“禁止”谈话的。prohibit“禁止”；welcome“欢迎”；ignore“忽视”；repeat“
19、重复”。只有A项符合语境。18. C上文提到“不久我就意识到这种沉默并不会令人感觉不愉快”，下文又说“如果可以用嘴说话的话，我们会学得少”，由此可知instead(反而)为最佳选项。19. B cause sb.to do sth.“导致某人做某事”。require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”，都不符合语境。20. D 根据第三段最后的“This newness just left me.”可知，此处应为“the new way of communication”。Cloze 2 (2016四川)Lainey finished third grade. She had g
20、ood grades and could read 1 grade level, but she did not like to read. On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 2.But Lainey took one look at it,3 her eyes, and said, “Borrrring!”Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they lov
21、ed it.4 the youngest children in the class were 5 by the story. They 6 with great interest, and then7 joined in grand conversations about Harrys adventures.“How can you say its 8? Have you read it? ” asked Aunt Dede.“No,its too long and it doesnt have any 9,” complained Lainey.“Oh,thats where you ar
22、e 10; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to 11them. Its like magic.”“Nice try, Aunt Dede,”Lainey replied12 from the back seat.Another 13 was in order. “Well, if you dont want to read it, give it14.Maybe your mom would 15 hearing the story.” Th
23、e book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter,16 were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little17.”Lainey is an example of an18reader. As shown here, Lainey can become 19 about reading when 20 with literature on topics that interest
24、her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.1.A.within B.on C.to D.above2.A.daughter B.niece C.student D.friend3.A.opened B.dried C.rolled D.shaded4.A.Even B.Still C.Just D.Yet5.A.surprised B.annoyed C.puzzled D.attracted6.A.read B.told C.listened D.wrote7.A.suspecte
25、dly B.anxiously C.calmly D.enthusiastically8.A.amazing B.boring C.ridiculous D.humorous9.A.pictures B.stories C.adventures D.conversations10.A.crazy B.foolish C.wrong D.different11.A.see B.match C.show D.recognize12.A.sourly B.patiently C.eagerly D.shyly13.A.idea B.try C.belief D.behavior14.A.away B
26、.out C.in D.back15.A.enjoy B.admit C.mind D.finish16.A.decisions B.requests C.comments D.promises17.A.more clearly B.longer C.louder D.more carefully 18.A.unpleasant B.innocent C.unwilling D.independent19.A.astonished B.worried C.confused D.excited20.A.presented B.concerned C.disturbed D.replaced 本文
27、为记叙文。Lainey的成绩很好，却不喜欢阅读，她的姑姑送给她一本学生们都非常喜欢的哈利波特，但是Lainey却一点也不感兴趣，姑姑Dede通过一系列的办法终于引导着Lainey喜欢上了阅读。1. D 根据上文“Lainey三年级毕业，她的成绩很好”可知，她的阅读能力能达到三年级以上，故选D项。2. B 根据上文的“her Aunt”可知，Lainey是Dede的侄女，故选B项，意为“Dede将哈利波特作为送给侄女的一个惊喜”。3. C roll ones eyes是固定短语，意为“眼珠一转”，此处表示Lainey对姑姑送的礼物不屑一顾的样子，故选C项。4. A 根据上文可知，姑姑的学生非常喜
28、欢这本书，甚至班里最小的孩子也被这本书所吸引。前后两句是递进关系，故选A项。5. D 根据上文的“loved”可知，此处选attract“吸引”，而surprise“吃惊”，annoy“烦恼”，puzzle“迷惑”，均不符合题意。6. C 根据第二段第一句中的“had read”可知，Dede是读给学生们听的，因此他们非常感兴趣地听，故选C项。7. D 根据上文可知，学生们饶有兴趣地听，自然会积极地进行讨论，故选“enthusiastically”，而suspectedly“怀疑地”，anxiously“焦急地”，calmly“平静地”均不符合题意。8. B 根据第一段最后一句中的“Borrr
29、ring!”可知，此处选B项，意为“你怎么能说这本书很乏味?” amazing“令人吃惊的”，ridiculous“荒谬的”，humorous“幽默的”。9. A 根据下文的“there are lots of pictures”可知，此处Lainey表明她不喜欢读这本书的原因是它没有图片。故选A项。10. C 根据上文可知，Lainey认为这本书没有图片，而下文中Dede指出，这本书中有很多图片，因而，她说Lainey说错了，故选wrong。11. A 每一页都有图片，你只需要读书上的字就能看到图片，故选see。而match“匹配”，show“展示”，recognize“认出”，均不符合题意
30、。12. A 从Nice try“得了吧”可知，Lainey对姑姑的说法不屑一顾，因此选sourly“酸溜溜地”，而patiently“耐心地”，eagerly“渴望地”，shyly“害羞地”，均不符合题意。13. B 根据上文可知，姑姑在劝说Lainey读书时，使用的第一种方法已经失败了，因此她尝试使用另外一种方法引导Lainey阅读。故选B项try。14. D give away“泄露”，give out“分发”，give in“屈服；让步”，give back“归还”。句意为“如果你不想读，就把它还给我”。故选D项。15. A 根据上文及下文姑姑开始读书可知，此处表示可能妈妈会喜欢听这个
31、故事。故选A项。16. B 根据上文可知,姑姑在读完第一章的时候，坐在后排的Lainey请求姑姑读得声音大一点。故此处是Lainey提出的要求，选request。decision“决定”，comment“评论”，promise“允诺”，均不符合题意。17. C 参见上题解析。18. C 根据上文可知，Lainey由不喜欢阅读，到对姑姑所读的书感兴趣，是一个不愿意读书的孩子成功转变的例子，故选“unwilling”。unpleasant“不愉快的”，innocent“无辜的”，independent“独立的”，均不符合题意。19. D 根据上文可知，Lainey变得对读书感兴趣了，故选D项，A、
32、B、C三项与语境不符。20. A 根据语境可知，当周围的人在阅读过程中模拟参与的时候，如果提出Lainey有兴致的话题，她也会对阅读感兴趣。present“展示；提出”，concern“关心”，disturb“打扰”，replace“取代”。Cloze 3 (2016北京)A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr.
33、Welch 1 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 2 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 3,the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in A
34、nchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 4 was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 5 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.6 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 7.Nomes town officials cam
35、e up with a(n) 8. They would have the medicine sent by 9 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled driversknown as “mushers”would 10 it to Nome in a relay.The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.11 he handed the
36、medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 12 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 13 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that ha
37、ppened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 14, and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 15. He had to leave the trail to get ar
38、ound them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 16 the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasens lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground,17 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed
39、by. Suddenly, Balto began to18. He had found the trail.At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dogs 19 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr.Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.Nome had been 20.1.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured2.A.harmless B.helple
40、ss C.fearless D.careless3.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However4.A.airport B.station C.harbor D.border5.A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty6.A.From B.On C.By D.After7.A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick8.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic9.A.air B.rail C.sea D.road10.A.carry B.return C.mail D.give11.A.T
41、hough B.Since C.When D.If12.A.enter B.move C.visit D.cross13.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish14.A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die15.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination16.A.find B.fix C.pass D.change17.A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning18.A.run B.leave C.bite D.play 19.A.gathered B.stayed
42、 C.camped D.arrived20.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed本文为记叙文。1925年一个寒冷的冬日，一场大雪切断了阿拉斯加州诺姆市与外界的任何联系。恰不逢时，诺姆市有一个男孩染上了“白喉”这种致命的传染病。于是，一场与死神的赛跑拉开了序幕。最终，接力手历经千辛万苦把药传到了韦尔奇大夫手中，整个诺姆市的儿童得救了。1. A 句意:韦尔奇医生接诊了一位生病的小男孩并且得知他染上了白喉examine“检查”；warn“警告”；interview“采访，面试”；cure“治愈”。故选A项。2. B 由第一段最后一句小镇与外界的联系被大
43、雪切断及下文韦尔奇医生需要尽快拿到药可以推测，如果白喉病在诺姆市蔓延，诺姆市的儿童将会陷入“无助的(helpless)”境地。3. D 由上句可知，时间紧迫，然而最近的拿药处却远在千里之外，故选D项。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；otherwise “否则”。4. C 由下文中的by ship可知，此处指的是水上运输方式，与该种运输方式相关的选项为harbor“港口”。airport“机场”；station“车站”；border“边境，国界”。5. B 由首段最后一句中的heavy snow可知，空处指的是雪路。句意：车和马无法在雪路上行走。6. C 由下文的had died可知，这里是指截止到1月26日，比利和其他3名儿童已经去世了。故选C项。7. D 句意：另外还有20名儿童也生病了，故选sick。tired“疲倦的”；upset“心烦意乱的”；pale“苍白的”。8. A 本段后两句描述了拯救生病儿童的具体计划，所以此处应该是想出一个计划。故选plan。excuse“借口”；message “信息”；topic“主题”。9. B 由下段第二句中的“.the medicine from the train at Nenana.”可知，药品是用火车从Anchorage运送到Nena