初探高考英语语法填空答题技巧(共8页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初探高考英语语法填空答题技巧 【摘要】全国普通高考英语试卷新增语法填空题,它既考查考生对语篇的整体把握与理解,也考查考生分析句子结构,熟练运用语法知识的能力,命题中通常会有纯空格题和有提示词题两种题型。本文分析了答题技巧,希望帮助广大考生更好地完成语法填空题。 【关键词】高考英语 语法填空题 答题技巧 【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2016)05-0109-02 语法填空是通过语篇或对话在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力,因此我们在解题前应快速浏览短文或对话,掌握大意,对有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上再结合

2、短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。 一、语法填空考查的内容与特点: 1.语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容? 语法和词汇(考试重点)上下文连贯性(语境) 2.语法填空命题特点是什么? 二、下面按题型设计分三种情况 1.纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。 首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下几个技巧: 技巧1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一般是填代词。 例1:There is a book on the desk,

3、and _1_ is mine. 技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。 例2:It is said that a short?鄄tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _2_ rice crop grow up quickly. 技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一定是填介词。 例3:who should have the honour of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. 技巧4: 若两个或

4、几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。 例4:two world?鄄famous artists, Pablo Picasso_4_Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 技巧5:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。 例5:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _5_ died in 1926. 例6:He was very tired after

5、 doing thus for a whole day, _6_ he felt very happy. 技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由it is that 强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that。判断方法:去掉it isthat结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。 (2)由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it。 例7:and _7_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精). 例8: as _8_ took them just th

6、ree minutes to steal paintings by two words?鄄famous artists. 例9:Dating sites also makes _9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (3)在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until等词。 例10:_10_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (4)so/such that句型 例11:This

7、 made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey. (5)more than(与其说不如说,比更)句型。 例12:Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays. 2.给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。 技巧7:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动

8、词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。 例13:When I die, I _13_ (give) everything to you. 例14:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _14_(close) my book and walked away. 例15:In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例16:B

9、eing too anxious to help an event develop often _16_(result) the contrary to our intention.(2008年广东高考语法填空) 例17:Now, Valentines Day is _17_(celebrate) in many countries around the world. 技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v?鄄ing形式,?鄄ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有: (1)作主语或宾语,通常用v?鄄ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不

10、定式表示具体情况。 例18:but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 例19:_19_(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary (2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。 例20:_20_(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (3)作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系

11、,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。 例21:He saw the stone, _21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” 例22:The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests. 技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要作主语、宾语和定语。 例23:There are _23_(comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. 例24:They entered the

12、 Credit Lyonnais branch using building _24_ (equip) to dig holes. 例25:These people have made great _25_(contribute) to China with their work. 3.词类转换题的解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式,具体技巧有以下三种。 技巧10: 作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常用形容词形式。 例26:The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence)

13、 as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例27:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject. 技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。 例28:As I looked _28_(close) at this girl, I found that 例29: _29_(fortune),the guest escaped unharmed. 技巧12: 有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变

14、,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un?鄄, im?鄄, in?鄄等,在词根后加?鄄less等。 例30: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use). 例31:Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office. 技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词,有可能

15、考查其比较级或最高级。 例32:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out. 例33:The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 例34:, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _34_ (

16、high). 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括,在做语法填空题时,还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。 语法填空答题技巧参考答案: 1.it 2.his 3.as 4.and 5.who 6.but 7.it 8.it 9.it 10.Only 11.that 12.than 13.will give 14.closed 15.were taken 16.results in 17. celebrated 18.to memorize 19.Speaking 20.To complete 21.saying 22.followed 23.uncomfortable 24.equipment 25.contributions 26. silent 27.interested 28.closely 29.Fortunately 30.useless 31. unnecessary 32.harder 33.worst 34.higher专心-专注-专业

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