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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Being done 与done做状语的区别现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。在使用现在分词时，要注意它的各种形式变化：Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Beingstruckbytheheavystorm,theyfelthelpless.正受到强暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。(strike与feel两个动作同时发生，但strike与they之间
2、逻辑关系是被动的)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.给他讲过好几回,他还是犯同样的错。分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。与其它非谓语动词作状语用法区别简析：1.分词在句中不作目的状语(表目的状语用不定式)。不定式作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度。2.现在分词的一般式，表示该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生；现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生。过去分词表被
3、动完成3.现在分词的一般式的被动式(即beingdone)一般只作原因状语置句首；现在分词的完成式(即havingdone;havingbeendone)在句中作时间原因状语。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.表示时间关系的分词短语，可用when或while引出。即：when/whilewalkingOncepublished,thisnovelwillbeverypopular.Havingworkedforfourhours,shestoppedtohavehermeal.Lostintheforest,youshouldfir
4、stofallremainwhereyouare,waitingforhelptocome.Havingbeenallowedtotakeadayoff,hewashappytoreturn.1）现在分词作时间状语与其它非谓语动词比较2)现在分词作原因状语与其它非谓语比较：Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.分词作原因状语:可置前或后,逗号隔开Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasm
5、anyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.Thechildlearnsfast,wellbroughtupbyhisparents.由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.不定式短语表原因，多用于表情绪或情感反应的动词/形容词后面:happy/glad/sad/pleased/excitedtodo3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的另一动作，或与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或对谓语表示的动作(或状态)
6、作进一步地补充说明。Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴随动作)Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbystudents.Shesatbythewindow,notdaringtosayaword.Hestoodthere,excitedtocheertheathleteon.他们笑着谈着
7、走进了教室。_,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。(方式状语)Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Laughingandtalking4)非谓语动词表结果：分词表结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而同时产生的自然而然的结果，通常放在句末，置句中前后用标点隔开；有时为突出结果，在其前面加thus。谓语动词与分词的动作是一种必然的因果关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后：
8、1.表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only/never,用以强调惊讶和失望。2.用于too+adj./adv.+todo;adj./advenough+todo;n.+enough/enough+n.+todo;so+adj./adv.+as+todo;such+n.as+todo;Heronlychildwasillathome,causingheralotoftrouble.Theywentoutinsuchbadweather,caughtinaheavyrainhalfway.Hewokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreat
9、lychanged.Whenwehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Hejumpedoffthecliff,killedatonce.Shegottothecompanyinahurry,dismissedbythemanager. Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.(程度)Sheisnotexperiencedenoughtotakeupthejob.Sheissolovely/suchalovelygirlastobelovedbyus.
10、5)非谓语动词表条件比较：Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Notaskedtospeak,youhadbetterkeepsilent.Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitmuchbetter.Seeingfromthehill,Ifindthecitymorebeautiful.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.7)当非谓语动词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,就须在非谓语前面加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构
11、：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheardHerushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有票卖光了,他们失望离开Timepermitting,welldoanothertwoexercises.ItbeingSunday,westayedathomeandrelaxed.6)分词作让步状语或although,evenif/though+分词Workinghardasshedid,shestillcould
12、ntsucceed.Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.Thekeylost,shecouldntentertheroom.Somuchworktodo,Icantgocampingwithyou.有时也用with(without)+名词/代词宾格+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.点着灯睡了Withthetaskfinished,theywentouttoplay.Withthisbooktohelpyou,youcanfinishyou
13、rworkassoonaspossible.?8)常见的独立成分：Judgingfrom/byhisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。generally/frankly/strictly/roughly/broadlyspeaking,一般/坦率/严格/大致/广义/说来;考虑到:considering,seeing,takingintoaccount/consideration,given+n./that-clause,allthingsconsidered, 全面考虑的话,weather/timepermitting, 时间/条件允许的话,com
14、paredwith/to与相比,assumingthat假定tobefrank/honest/exact/sure,坦率地说/坦白说/准确地说/果然,的确;totell(you)thetruth,说实话,tocutalongstoryshort,长话短说;tobegin/startwith,首先,第一;如果:supposing/providing,providedthat从句非谓语动词解题策略：1.根据句中是否有谓语动词，确定是否选择非谓语动词,尤其注意:1)句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语动词开头;2)区分选项是非谓语动词，还是与其它动词并列的谓语动词。2.剖析句子结构，理清非谓语动词选项在句中
15、充当什么句子成分、弄清其逻辑意思联系,与逻辑主语关系是主动或是被动，选定该非谓语动词形式。3.根据非谓语动词与谓语动词动作发生的先后，确定该非谓语动词用一般式或完成式。典型题解：1).句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语开头themilk(,)andsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.someofthisjuiceperhapsyoulllikeit.someofthisjuice,youlllikeit.A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking有分号(;),句号(.),并列连词(and/but/or/so),破折号()连接，
16、句首选项为谓语动词。逗号连接，句首选项为非谓语动词。AAC2)区分非谓语动词或是并列谓语动词gotoutofthetaxi,_thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paid B.paying C.topay D.havingpaidthenews,herushedout,_thebook_onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left,lainopen B.leaving,lyingopenC.leaving,lieopened D.left,layopenedAB第1题got,paid,dashed谓语动词并列;第2题
17、leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与leave存在逻辑联系:leavesb./sth.doing表示使某人或某物处于做状态中3)情态动词后动词，是否与情态动词有逻辑关联：dideverythingtheycould_herlife.A.save B.tosave C.saving D.savedgoingabroadhedevotedallhecould_hisoralEnglish.A.improve B.toimproveC.improving D.toimproving情态动词could/can后省略了前面已用过的谓语动词，要注意该空格选项的非谓语动词:其与谓语动词的逻辑意义和
18、搭配习惯。BC4)“动词+(名词)+介词+名词”变被动结构,其后形式:Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof_thepowerstation.tobuild B.building C.build D.built应对这类题的最佳办法就是将该句转换成主动语态shouldmakefullofeverypartofmaterialstobuild.A5)名词后有两个定语修饰。一个为定语从句，另一个为非谓语动词。Doesthewayyouthoughtof_thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.maki
19、ngB.tomakeC.howtomake D.havingmadeB此类题解题关键在于学会句子结构分析，在已知谓语的情况下，弄清非谓语动词与名词的逻辑意思联系，然后再考量该名词的固定搭配形式。6)谓语动词+感叹句形式的宾语从句：聚焦宾语从句中谓语(vt.+obj.)与非谓语动词的习惯搭配：YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad_yourhouseallbymyself.A.found B.finding C.tofind D.forfindingB7)名词(作主语)+主谓结构(该主谓结构谓语由动词+介词构成)或动词的过去分词+介词(修饰前面的名词作
20、定语)，其后动词应是主句谓语：Theman(you)referredto_justnow.A.comesB.comeC.comingD.cameDPractice:Theysetout_forthe_boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,_whattodo.doesntknowingB.didntknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)(3)Hesatthere_,with
21、hisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought(4)The_PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBCsecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)ToprepareB.preparingC.prepa
22、redD.waspreparingfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomake现在分词表结果状语现在分词作伴随状语高考链接13.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(MET93)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing现在分词作伴随状语4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET92)No
23、treceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceivedhistelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(上海91年题)NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语高考链接21.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南2007)A.moved B.moving C.tomove D.beingmoved专心-专注-专业