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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2008江苏高考任务型阅读Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiences are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated a
2、nd shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever teh task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a product
3、ive and successful experience.What comes first is to keep an open mind, becasue everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best s
4、uited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are som
5、e more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where
6、 other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore t
7、he issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a
8、well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromis
9、e and agreement.After youve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the teams effectiveness the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.TitleWorking TogetherThemeEffective performance needs highly cooperated (71) _General rulesl Keep an open mind to everyones (72) _.l D
10、ivide the group task among group members.l (73) _ and trust each other.(74) _l Understand and agree to the (75) _ task of ones own.l Take turns doing various tasks.l Show concern for others to ensure safety.l Take (76) _ for ones own learning.l Compare your own observations with those of others.Expl
11、orean issuel Break the (77) _ into several areas.l Keep records of the sources just in (78) _.l (79) _ your information with others via proper format.l Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.(80) _effectivenessl Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.l Find out the opportunities and challenges
12、.2009年江苏高考任务型阅读Communication PrinciplesHow you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. “Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”. Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products
13、 of how others treat them and of the messages others send them. But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication. A student. for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesnt like the fact that I dont agree with his opinions. a
14、nd thats why he gave me such a poor grade in that class. ”The teacher might say the opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrong. The concept of serf originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in
15、response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you. Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a di
16、alogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In a more obvious way. communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So，the communication b
17、egins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self. Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences f
18、rom their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you. you gather observations and draw specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message. A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A thi
19、rd person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them. More often than not，you may have hurt
20、someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You may have made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own min
21、d. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated. When you tried to recreate the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different r
22、esults. Paragraph outlineSupporting DetailsCommunication begins with the selfPeople are somewhat products of others treatment and messages. we are always（71） in communication with others. Communication（72） othersExperiences of others help children learn to accept roles. Messages from others help you
23、（73） who you are. Needs and（74） of others should be considered. Communication（75） everywhereWe are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world. We are always（76） other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you. We are constantly collec
24、ting meanings from others（77） . We are constantly（78） meanings by what we do. Communication cannot be reversed nor repeatedYou may explain what you have done，but you cannot（79） what remains in the other persons mind. Yon may redo the conversation，but you（80） achieve the same results. 2010江苏高考任务型阅读Fo
25、r more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of thesixth senseof directionBy trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answerOne funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)Our earth itself is a big magnet(
26、磁体)So a little magnetic needle that swings freely linesitself with the big earth magnet to point north and southWhen people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under cloudy skies. Actuallly the idea of the l
27、iving compass came just from observing animals in nature Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homesSome of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at nightExperiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patternsBut they can keep on course even under
28、 cloudy skiesHow can they do that?A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeonNot all pigeons can find their way homeThose that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the bi
29、rds heads to block theirmagnetic sensejust as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinnerOn sunny days, that did not fool the pigeonsEvidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are goingBut on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their wayIt was as if the magnets
30、 had blocked their magnetic senseSimilar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybeesThese insects also seem to have a special sense ot directionIn spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinaryHowwould an animal get the magnetic stuff for a
31、compass.An answer came from an unexpected sourceA scientist was studying bacteria that live in themud of ponds and marshesHe found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together inone directionnorthFurther study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，wh
32、ichproved magneticThe bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with theearths magnetThe big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetiteThat ledto a search to see whether animals might have it. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，sc
33、ientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fishIn eachanimal，except for the beethe magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brainThusthe idea of a builtin animal compass began to seem reasonable The Magnetic Sense The Living CompassPassage outlineSupporting detailsThe ex
34、istence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compassOur earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.(72) on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.The possibility of birds built-in compasse
35、s One piece of evidence is the (73) of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) under cloudy skies The (75) on pigeons and bees built-in compassesLittle magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to (76) their magne
36、tic sense.The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) days.Similar things with the same results were done with bees.The (78) of the magnetic stuff for the animal compassLittle rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) .Some animals had a chain of d
37、ense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) inside their bodies.参考答案；2008 71. teamwork 72. ideas / opinions / views / thoughts73. Support / Encourage / Back 74. Suggestions75. given / assigned 76. responsibility77. topic / subject / issue 78. case79. Exchange / Share 80. Evaluate2009 71. self-ce
38、ntredsubjective 72. involves 73. determinedefineknowunderstand 74. expectationshopesdesireswishes 75. occurshappensexistsarises 76. readingunderstanding/knowing 77. behaviorsactsaction（s）activities 78. conveyingexpressing 79. eraseremovedelete/change 80. cantcannot 2010 71. swinging 72 .Based 73. migration 74 .even 75. experimentstestsstudyresearch 76. block77. cloudy 78. discovery 79. north 80 .brain(s)专心-专注-专业