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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson 10 Not for jazz1. jazz: 爵士乐 Jazz has never really turned me on.我从未对爵士乐真正产生过兴趣。 Does jazz hold any appeal for you? 你对爵士乐有兴趣吗？ Im really getting into jazz these days. 近来我喜爱上爵士乐了。 Shes potty about jazz.她迷上了爵士音乐。 I dont dig modern jazz. 我不喜欢现代爵士乐。 I was surprised to see him at the ja
2、zz club; I always thought of him as a rather staid old gentleman. 我在爵士舞俱乐部见到他时很感意外, 我还一直以为他是个挺古板的绅士呢。2. musical: (1) 音乐的 The mother found that her son had a musical talent.母亲发现儿子有音乐天赋。 They are preparing for the presentation of a new musical. 他们正准备上演新的歌舞喜剧。 Since he can play many musical instruments
3、, he may well be called a man of accomplishments. 他能演奏许多乐器，当然称得上是个多才多艺的人。 The bagpipe is a sweet musical instrument.风笛是一种听起来很悦耳的乐器。(2) 音乐似的, 和谐的; 悦耳的 a musical speaking voice 悦耳的说话声 A musical bell softly sounded somewhere in the passageway.走廊的某处响起轻柔悦耳的铃声。(3) 爱好音乐的, 音乐爱好者的 Shes not at all musical. 她根
4、本不喜欢音乐。3. instrument: 工具；仪器; 傀儡 an instrument for writing 书写工具 musical instrument 乐器 optical instrument 光学仪器 surgical instrument 外科器械 The hospital imported some surgical instruments.医院进口了一些外科器械。 The viola is a stringed instrument.中提琴是一种弦乐器。经典用法：act as sb.s instrument 做别人的傀儡联想： apparatus: n. 设备；装置；仪器
5、 chemical apparatus 化学仪器 There is sports apparatus in the gym. 体育馆里有体育器材。 equipment: equip装备+ -ment名词后缀n. 必需品；设备; 装备 office equipment 办公室设备 Our school has been given some new equipment. 我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。 tool: n. 器具；用具; （做事情需要的）工具 Words are his tools. 语言是他的工具。 utensil: n. 用具；器具 cooking utensils 烹饪用具4.
6、 damage: v./n. (1) 损坏，毁坏，破坏，损失 Take care not to damage the clock. 当心别弄坏了钟。 Ive damaged a knee ligament. 我拉伤了膝盖的韧带。 An earthquake sometimes causes great damage. 地震有时造成重大损失。 The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水毁坏了大量农作物。 They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付损害赔偿金,
7、但他藉口贫穷而不偿还。(2) 对有不好的影响 Taylor felt her reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article. 泰勒觉得她的名誉已经因为报纸上的这篇报答而受到了损害。经典用语：do damage to损害, 破坏 cause damage to 损害, 破坏比较：damage, break, spoil, destroy, ruin(1) damage: 侧重强调把弄坏，但是可以修复 Their houses were damaged by the enemys shellfire. 他们的房屋为敌人的炮火所击毁。 Th
8、e accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。(2) break: 强调弄坏，弄断，破裂 Two of the strings were broken. The window broke into pieces. 窗户碎成碎片。(3) spoil: 强调把事情搅和了或指损坏到不能修补的程度，使物品无用，整个动作过程很慢。 Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐趣被恶劣天气所破坏。 If you touch that drawing, youll spoil it. 要是你
9、触摸那张画，你就会把它毁了。 If you eat too much, youll spoil your appetite. 如果吃得太多，就会坏你的胃口。 (4) destroy: 把凭借某种外力来破坏和摧毁事物，完全摧毁 The earthquake destroyed almost entire city. If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house. 这棵树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏。(5) ruin 泛指概念，表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的（spoil ） The rain ruined / spoiled our ho
10、liday. The rain ruined my painting. 这场雨把我的画给毁了。 He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。5. shock: (1) 冲击; 使震动 Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.任何人碰到那根电线都会遭到严重的电击。(2) 使震惊, 使毛骨悚然, 使愤慨（生气） I was very much shocked at the sight. 这情景使我大为震惊。 His death was a great shock to us
11、all.他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。 Just ignore all their bad languagethey only do it to shock. 不要管他们的污言秽语，他们只是想让人生气吧了。经典用语：culture shock 文化冲击(指一旦置身于异国文化的生活方式中, 由于心理或生理上的不习惯而产生的不安情绪) future shock 未来冲击; 未来震憾(指对未来社会的发展, 技术的进步, 价值观念及行为准则的变化, 担心不能适应而产生的不安情绪)6. allow: vt. (1) To permit (the presence of) 允许，允许进入 We allow
12、smoking only in restricted areas. 我们只允许在指定的地点吸烟。 No pets are allowed inside. 宠物不准入内。 Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不准吸烟。 No dogs allowed. 禁止带狗。 How much holiday are you allowed? 你有多少天假? Allow me to introduce to you my friend Mr. Thomas. 请允许我把我的朋友托马斯先生介绍给你。 We dont allow such things to be done. 我们不容
13、许有这种事情发生。 The manager allowed him one week of vacation in the summer. 夏天经理给他一星期的假期。 He is allowed ten dollars a month for his pocket money. 他每月得到十元零用钱。 She wont allow the children in(to the house) until theyve wiped their shoes. 孩子们不把鞋擦乾净, 她就不让他们进（屋）。(2) 承认 We must allow that he is a good teacher. (
14、We must allow him to be a good teacher.) 我们应当承认他是位好老师。vi. (1) 承认, 容许(of) (2) 原谅, 体谅 (for) The situations allow of no excuse. 形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。 The facts allow of only one explanation. 这些事实只能有一种解释。 allow for the circumstances 体谅某人的处境; 考虑具体情况 We must allow for his youth. 我们应当体谅他年轻。 It will take you hal
15、f an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去, 你要用半小时才能到车站。 The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather. 这段旅程通常需六周时间, 但你应当把 坏天气造成的延误也要考虑进去经典用法： allow for 估计到, 考虑到; 对.留有余地，体谅 allow of 容许; 许可比较：allow, permit, let, admit(1) allow 指
16、“并不反对”或“不加阻止”, 偏重“默许”或“听任”, 含义较消极, 如: Each passenger is allowed twenty -five kilogrammes of luggage. 每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。(2) permit 和 allow 在许多情况下可以通用, 但它较 allow 正式, 含有“积极地、从正面地允许”的意义。 They dont permit you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。(3) let 是三个词中最不正式的, 较口语化, 而语意最弱, 指“给予可能或同意”, 有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意。 Let him wait. 让他等
17、一等。(4) admit: a. 承认 He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。 John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。b. 许可进入 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。 c. 准许进入; 容纳, 容许 The cinema admits about 2000 people. 这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。 His illness admits of no delay. 他的病不容拖
18、延。联想：反义词forbid, ban, prohibit(1) forbid: 系常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事” The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。(2) ban: 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语。 Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! (3) prohibit: 指“通过法律或政府法令禁止” prohibit sb. from doing sth. (= prohibit sb.s doing sth.) 禁止某人做某事 The soldiers
19、 were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。 Family finances prohibited his going to college. 他的家庭经济情况不容许他上大学。7. touch: (1) 触摸, 碰到 Just dont touch anything in my room！就是不要动我房间中的任何东西！ I told you not to touch my things!我告诉过你，别动我的东西！(2) 给予影响; 伤害; (精神上的)触动 The crops were not touched by th
20、e early frost. 庄稼未受早霜的影响。 His sad story touched our hearts. 他的悲惨的故事深深打动了我们的心。(3) 主要用于否定意义的句中对(某事)插一手; 对(食物)尝一口 He would not touch the matter. 他不愿插手这事。 He never touches alcoholic drinks. 他从不喝酒。 She didnt touch her food. 她没有吃东西。(4) 接触，联系 Lets keep in touch.让我们保持联系。 They keep close touch with me. 他们和我保
21、持密切联系。经典用法：get in touch with 和.取得联系 get into touch with 和.取得联系 lose touch with 和.失去联系, 对.变得生疏8. It is called a clavichord. call: 称呼, 把.叫做, 取名为.，在用call表达汉语“怎么称呼或怎么说？”时，不能用how，而只能用what。 What shall I call you? 我怎么称呼你？ What do you call this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？ What will you call the baby? 你们将给这孩子取什么名字
22、?比较：name通常表示给一个新生的人或物命名，“给取名”，是学名，比较正式。 Call表示“把叫做”、“称为”，没有前者正式，常用于口语和非正式文体中。 His name is Richard but we all call him Dick. 他的名字叫理查德, 但是我们都称他狄克。9. It was made in Germany in 1681.(1) made in: 在某处制造，强调产品的生产地 The piano was made in Japan. 这个钢琴是日本造的。(2) made by强调产品的制造者 This cake was made by my sister. 这个
23、蛋糕是由我妹妹做的。(3) made of表示“由制成”，看得出原材料 The tea-pot is made of silver. 茶壶是银制的。(4) made from表示“由制成”，看不出原材料 Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。10. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. keep保存 Please keep this for me until I come back. 请替我保存一下这东西，等到我回来取。 Ill keep this address in case I need
24、 it. 我得留着这个地址，以备将来使用。 These old clothes are not worth keeping. 这些旧衣服不值得保存。11. It has belonged to our family for a long time. belong to: (1) 属于；为的财产 It has belonged to our family for a long time. 它成为我们的家产已很多年了。 That book belongs to me. 那本书属于我。 That dictionary belongs to the library. 那本词典是图书馆的。 The bl
25、ue sky belongs equally to us all. 蓝天为人所共有。 They belonged to a younger generation. 他们属于年轻的一代。(2) 为的一员 Do you belong to the trade union? 你是工会会员吗？ What club do you belong to?你是哪个俱乐部的? What party do you belong to? 你属于哪一党派？ You and I belong to different political camps. 你和我属于不同的政治阵营。(3) belong to既不能用于进行时，也不能用于被动语态中。专心-专注-专业