《2012年清洁生产复习题(共10页).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012年清洁生产复习题(共10页).docx（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上清洁生产原理的复习资料1. Please fill the blank with the word needed ()1) The main method of clean production is _.2) The strategic core of implementing the clean production is to _. 3) Train of thoughts for the clean production audit are to _,to _ and to _. 4) The process of the clean production a
2、udit in enterprise can be divided 7 stageswhich include _, _,_, _, _, _, _.5) Clean production includes the utilization of clean _, clean _and clean products. 6) Clean production is a new production method and measurement on the organiccombination of _ benefit and _development.7) The key element whi
3、ch impenetrate in the whole process of clean production isthe _. 8) Analysis on the reason of waste production and energy depletion should carry outfrom the following 8 items, e.g. _,_, _, _,_, _, _.2. Please fill the right choice in the brackets followed the corresponding caption ( )1) Which is not
4、 right in the following expressions on the Clean Production? ()A. Clean production dont refer to production process only.B. Conception of clean production is not only limited in CLEAN.C. Clean production is not a temporary checkD. Clean production only emphasize pollution2) Which is not the characte
5、ristics of clean production audit in the followingexpressions? ()A. is a single-use behavior B. has a distinct destinationC. emphasizes the prevention D. integrates with economic efficiency3) _ is main body to carry out clean production. ()A. Government B. Social organizationC. Enterprise D. Scienti
6、fic institution4) Which is the right expression about clean production? ()A. Clean production is to treat the pollutants in timeB. Clean production is to use the clean energyC. Clean production refers to the clean production processD. Clean production refers to the overall processes are clean such a
7、s theexploitation of raw materials, fabrication of products, usage of products andtreatment of wastes.5) The basic precondition for realizing the environmental protection is _ ()A. the participation of professional artisanB. public participationC. the participation of enterprises with a serious poll
8、utionD. to ban the enterprises with a serious pollution6) is the first stage of the clean production audit. ()A. Pre-assessment B. assessmentC. Implementation of project D. Preparation and Organization7) Which is one of tasks for the Preparation and Organization of the cleanproduction audit in the f
9、ollowing captions? ()A. Training and dissemination B. Setting up the targets of clean productionC. Establishing the balance of mass and main pollutantsD. Economic assessment8) Setting up the targets of clean production is carried out in the _ ofclean production audit. ()A. sieve of projects B. asses
10、smentC. preparation and organization D. pre-assessment9) Summarizing the implemented results of non- and low cost projects is carriedout in the _ of clean production audit. ()A. sieve of projects B. feasibility analysisC. assessment D. pre-assessment10) How many stages are involved in the clean prod
11、uction audit? ()。A. 4 B. 7 C. 8 D. 611) In green chemistry craft, the ideal purpose is to completely convert all atomsin the reactants into the object products, whose atom economy reaches up to100%. For the synthesis of CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 from CH3CCH, in order orgain the highest atom economy, which ot
12、her reactants will be still needed? ()A. CO, CH3OH B. CO2, H2O C. H2, CO2 D. CH3OH, H212) The green chemistry aims to completely convert all atoms in the reactants intothe object products without wastes emission. _ fits the need of greenchemistry in the following process. ()13) _ is the characterist
13、ics of green chemistry. ()A. Treatment of pollutants B. Disposal of pollution pointsC. Reducing toxic chemicals D. stop the pollution resources14) “Green chemistry” is the reactions with a technical and economic feasibility andwith little side-effects on the environment. _ in following reactions doe
14、snot accord the original idea of the green chemistry. ()A. SO2 removal of the tail gas in vitriol plant: SO2+2NH3+H2O= (NH4)2SO3B. treatment of the tail gas in nitric acid plant: NO2+NO+NaOH=2NaNO3+H2OC. Preparation of CuSO4: Cu + 2H2SO4(strong)CuSO4+SO2 + 2H2OD. Preparation of CuSO4: Cu + O2= CuO ;
15、 CuO + H2SO4 (aqueous)CuSO4 + H2O15) _ in following reactions can embody the principle for the atom economyof the green chemistry: displacement reaction combination reaction decomposition reaction substitution reaction addition reaction elimination reaction polyaddition reaction polycondensation rea
16、ction ()A. B. C. only D. only 16) 由于原料和环境方面的考虑，对生产中的化学反应提出了绿色化学的要求，现有4种合成苯酚的反应，最符合绿色化学生产过程的是（ ）17) The following materials can be used as oxidant: (1) O3, (2) K2CrO4, (3) H2O2,(4) HNO3, (5) NaClO. The materials which dont give rise to pollution uponenvironment after oxidation are called as green oxi
17、dants. So, _ are greenoxidants in the above-mentioned 5 materials? ()A. (1), (3) B. (2), (3, (4), (5) C. (2), (4), (5) D. (1), (5)18) In the green organic synthesis, in order to reduce the pollution of organicsolvents on the environment, the synthesis methods carried out in _ areeffective measuremen
18、ts. ()A. aqueous phase B. solid phaseC. supercritical fluid CO2 system D. A+B+C19) _ in the discharged waste gas from chemical plant are the main reasons forthe formation of acid rain. ()A. NOx B. SO2 C. CH4 D. A+B20) In order to reduce or eliminate the pollution of coloring matters on theenvironmen
19、t, the scientists have adopted some effective countermeasures, forexample, _. ()A. not to use the coloring matters B. to exploit the substitutesC. innovate the dyeing and finishing craft D. B+C21) _ is the best method to solve the more and more discarded plastics andrubber. ()A. dumping B. fling at
20、the deep seaC. resources recovery D. catalytic combustion22) Green coating is the clean craft during the usage of coating materials. Theirfunctions include _. ()A. saving the coating material B. lowering costC. reducing the emission of toxic solvents D. A+B+C23) In order to reduce the pollution of a
21、gricultural pesticides on the environment, itis necessary to _. ()A. modify the types of agricultural pesticides B. innovate the skill of usageC. synthetically prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pestsD. A+B+C24) In the following processes for the production of ethylene epoxide, _ has
22、thehighest atom economy. ()3. Give or in the brackets followed the corresponding captions with the true orfalse viewpoints1) End of Pipe pollution controls that are not pollution prevention at source. (r)2) Public access to information and public participation in decision-making isessential to push
23、for clean production systems.（r）3) Clean production only fits the industrial enterprise.（w）4) Enterprise must recover the products and packing materials which are involved inthe mandatory and enforceable toxic chemicals listed in the law. (r)5) Fees from the clean production audit and organize train
24、ing, dissemination can becharged to cost. (r)6) Emission of main pollutants for the audited enterprises listed in the mandatoryand enforceable ones should be publicized. (r)7) View of the scene should be carried out in the stage of assessment. (w)8) Setting up the targets of clean production can not
25、 involve the present situation ofenterprise. (w)9) Chemistry is the science that understand the properties and the correspondingreactions of matters. (w)10) Natural matters are always beneficial to human being. (w)11) Natural matters contain no chemicals. (w)12) Catalysts can quicken the reaction. (
26、r)13) NO is harmful. (w)14) The basic characteristics of green chemistry is zero release. (r)15) Electrosynthesis is basically a green chemical craft with no harm. (r)16) Solid-phase reaction without solvent accords with the demand of green chemistry.(r)17) The synthesis with water as solvent also a
27、ccords with the demand of greenchemistry. (r)18) The aqueous coating uses water as disperse medium, exhibits an incombustibility,no toxicity, no pollution and resource costs. (r)19) Green food is the natural food, contains no chemicals. (w)20) All of agricultural pesticides are innoxious. (w)21) The
28、 exploitation of green agricultural pesticides is one of purposes of developinggreen chemistry. (r)22) HCHO is the main pollutant for indoor air, is also a source with the highestpollution depth. (r)4. Short Answer Questions1) What is clean production defined by UNEP?答： 清洁生产是指“不断采取改进设计，使用清洁的能源和原料，采用
29、先进的工艺技术与设备、改善管理、综合利用等措施，从源头削减污染、提高资源利用效率，减少或者避免生产、服务和产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排放，以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害。”Key:Clean production is a new and creative way used in production process. Byclean production, it implies an integrated preventative environmental strategy isemployed throughout production process, products and
30、 services so as toincrease ecological efficiency and reduce risks imposed on human andenvironment. For production process, clean production implies that raw material andenergy are to be economized, application of toxic raw materials is to beannulled, and amount and toxicity of waste is to be reduced
31、 beforereleasing waste in the process of production. For products, clean production connotes that negative impact onproducts is reduced in the complete cycle from raw materialemployment to the final treatment phase. As for services, it is required to bring environmental factors intodesigned and prov
32、ided services.2) What is clean production defined by Law of China Promoting CleanProduction?答：促进法所称的清洁生产是指“不断采取改进设计，使用清洁的能源和原料，采用先进的工艺技术与设备、改善管理、综合利用等措施，从源头削减污染、提高资源利用效率，减少或者避免生产、服务和产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排放，以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害。” Improve design Use clean energy and raw materials Advanced process and device Am
33、end manage Integrated utilization Others Cut pollution in the first place Improve the efficient of resource Avoid the production and discharge of pollutants during procedure, servers,products use To protect human and environment, and improve economic efficiency ofenterprise3) What is clean productio
34、n audit?答： 清洁生产审核是指“按照一定程序，对生产和服务过程进行调查和诊断，找出能耗高、物耗高、污染重的原因，提出减少有毒有害物料的使用、生产，降低能耗、物耗以及废物产生的方案，进而选定技术经济可行的清洁生产方案的过程。”Clean production audit is a systematic process to analyze and implement pollutionsources, courses resulting in wastes and solution to deal with them. It aims, byanalyzing and evaluatin
35、g pollution sources prevention, to help enterprise inseeking the methods to use resources (raw materials and accessories, energy andwater, etc.) in a highly effective way as possible as it can and reducing oreliminating the generation and release of wastes. Clean production audit is animportant basi
36、s for enterprise to implement clean production, and it is the coreand key for clean production.4) What advantages and benefits can the implementation of clean production givethe enterprise?答:a. 通过清洁生产，企业能实现节能、降耗、减污、降低产品成本和“废物”处理费用，提高企业的整体经济效益；b. 避免或减少末端处理可能产生的风险，改善生产工人的劳动环境和操作条件，减轻对职工健康的影响；c. 提高产品的竞
37、争力。d. 实施清洁生产可以提高企业对环境产生最低限度的生产能力和反复利用生产产品的能力，会使企业生产和销售产品的机会增加。e. 绿色市场的诞生，将会促使具有绿色环境标志的产品更具竞争力。Key:p Overcomes the inherent drawbacks of end-of-pipe treatment, embodies thedemand of sustainable developmentp Is beneficial to improve the integral quality and manage level of enterprisep Is helpful to me
38、nd the work environment, reduces the harm on the human, andeliminates potential safety hazardp Reduces the production and discharge of pollutants, improve the public figureof enterprisep Improves the competitive power of products, which is helpful to eliminate thebulwark in the international tradep
39、Improves the realization on the total amount control of pollutants to a stablestandard, remit the contradiction between the environment pollution andeconomic development5) What are the ways of thinking on clean production audit?答： 清洁生产审核和物料平衡找出废弃物产生部位并确定产生量，这里的“废弃物”包括各种废物和排放物。Key:Identify where the
40、waste is going，analyze why the waste is produced, bringforward how to reduce or eliminate waste, in order to Improve the utilizationefficiency of resource，reduce or eliminate the production of waste6) What do the basic measures of implementing clean production include?答： 实施清洁生产的基本途径可概括为以下五个主要方面：1、原材
41、料（包括能源）有效使用和替代；2、改革工艺和设备；3、改进运行操作管理；4、产品改革替代；5、生产系统内部循环利用。Key: Improve design Use clean energy and raw materials Advanced process and device Amend manage Integrated utilization7) Please list the Twelve Principals of GREEN CHEMISTRYKey:1. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste
42、after it is formed.2. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials usedin the process into the final product.3. Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generatesubstances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and
43、 the environment.4. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducingtoxicity.5. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be madeunnecessary whenever possible and, innocuous when used.6. Energy requirements should recognized f
44、or their environmental and economic impacts andshould be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperatureand pressure.7.A raw material feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technicallyand economically practical.8. Unnecessary derivatization (blocking gro
45、up, protection/ deprotection, temporarymodification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible.9. Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.10. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do notpersist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products.11. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time in-processmonitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substance