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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第一节 考试注意事项一、保持平常心态尽量放松自己，自然面对考官及同组考生。考试时保持神态自若和眼神的直接接触通常被视作是具有良好交流能力和自信的重要标志。如果你的心理始终不能释然，不妨做一下深呼吸，如果你与考官或同组考生进行眼神接触时会产生紧张感，那你不妨在回答问题时看着对方的鼻子。这样从第三者的观察角度来看，与眼神交流的效果无大差别。二、抓住时机，熟悉自己考试小组中其他成员的语音和表达习惯当考务人员宣布完随机组编的考试小组后，考生应抓紧时间与考试小组的成员进行会话练习，以便熟悉对方的发音特点和表达习惯，为口试的顺利合作打下基础。三、与考官打招呼和道别之所以要求考生在
2、考试结束后与考官以恰当的形式道别是因为“道别”就像是为考试画了个句号。四、保持良好的仪态和坐姿考生应尽量保持一个良好的坐姿，如坐直身体，双手自然地放在膝盖上或桌面上。五、把握谈话的内容分寸把握谈话内容分寸指的是在不改变考试所限定的话题的前提下，把握谈话内容的方向，即尽量把话题的内容限制在自己力所能及的范围内。如果对某个话题不甚了解，最好不要涉及。坚持“不懂的、无话可说的内容不谈，词汇不丰富的内容不涉及”等原则。总之，尽可能地扬长避短。六、注意表达时语用、语法和句子结构的准确性和多样性考生在口头表述时应尽可能做到语用准确，保证词汇的丰富性和语法结构的“较为复杂”，使整个语言的表达显得“丰富多彩”
3、。七、争取主动，先入为主谁先发言谁就能有更多的机会表现自己的语言能力，并能争取主动，控制问题讨论的局面，扬自己所长，避自己之短，从而给考官留下深刻的印象。同时要注意，在小组自由讨论时，一定要保证谈话双方间的communication.切不可只顾谈论自己的观点，而不顾对方谈话的内容是什么。八、先总括后展开在表达自己的观点时往往很难恰当地把握好发言的长度。有时因时间把握不当，没等表达完自己的观点就被考官打断了。在某种程度上这仍会影响考生的情绪。如果采用先总括、后展开的陈述方法来表达自己的观点，将有助于保证观点表达的完整性。第二节 表达技巧在口语考试中，恰当地使用一些语言表达技巧将十分有助于考试的成
4、功。常用的口语表达技巧有：语句启转、客气插语、列举事实、图片描写和观点陈述、改换表达方式、修正口误、恰当地使用关联词和特征词、适当地使用告别语等。一、使用启转语句人们在发表个人的观点或讲述某一事实或情况时，总要根据自己的意图先说出一些让对方有思想准备的话，然后才切入正题。在口语考试中，启转语句除了上述作用外，还有助于把握专题讨论内容的方向，形成具体讨论内容的定势，争取多一点时间思考拟将发表的观点，使之更加完善。启转句一般只适于本口语考试的第二部分：自由讨论。1I cant agree more with your opinion on So far as I know2It is well-k
5、nown that3Your opinion onsounds reasonable, but I dont think I can agree with it all. One of my puzzles is4Can we consider it in a different way? For example,二、客气插语在讨论过程中，如果你想中断小组其他人正在谈论的话题，切入你自己的想法，可以用礼貌的插语中断对方的讲话来发表你的观点。例如可采用以下客气插语：1 Excuse me. Can I say something here?2 Sorry to interrupt you, bu
6、t三、列举事实在陈述一个观点时常常需要列举论据来支持你的观点，以使你的表达层次清楚、逻辑分明。口头陈述观点就像写作文一样，通常也是分三个层次进行的：开头、中间展开和结尾。开头的常用语句如下：1 To begin with, we may say that2 The first thing I want to say is常用在中间的承接用语如下：1 Next I want to point out that2 The next point I want to say is3 For one thingFor another4 On the one handOn the other hand常用
7、的结束用语如下：1 The final thing I want to say is2 Last but not least, we3 My conclusion is 四、图片描述及观点陈述根据CET-SET的考试要求，信息差将以以下两种形式的信息输入来产生：1 画面提示（如图片、图表、照片等）；2 文字提示（如就某主题给出提示要求，或给出主题讨论范围等）图片描述和观点陈述的开场表达模式相对而言比较固定。图片描述常用的表达语句有：1 From the picture I can see2 As is shown in the picture图表描述常用的表达语句有：1 According t
8、o the table, I can see2 The table shows that3 From the differences of the figures in the table, I can infer that根据文字提示陈述自己观点的常用表达语句有：1 The subject of my card is2 This subject involves two problems. One isThe other is3 There are three points involved in the subject. The first one is五、进一步表达和换方式表达为了能够充
9、分表达自己的观点，有时考生需要对某个问题做进一步说明，或者是换个方式来表达。这时可使用以下语句：That is,Namely,In other words,Perhaps I can put it this way六、表示异议，以便引出不同观点考生在讨论过程中，就某个问题很可能产生不一致的观点。这时需要以恰当的方式来表示自己的异议。1 Perhaps were looking at the problem from different viewpoints. My opinion is2 Im afraid I dont quite agree with you on that point.3
10、 Im afraid were looking at the problem from different angles. My idea is mainly注意：在对某问题表示异议时要态度诚恳，用语委婉，尊重事实，以理服人。切勿固执已见。七、一时语塞或找不到确切的表达词语时的对策考生在回答问题或讨论问题时，因种种原因会出现一时语塞或找不到确切的词语或语句来表达自己意思的情况。在这种情况下，为了不影响正常的交际和考官的打分，同时赢得思考时间，可采用一些相对模糊的词语来代替。例如：1 Its something like2 Its a kind of thing to 这些词语尽管表述的意思不很
11、精确，但在某些口头表达的特定场合却会产生理想的效果。另外还可以采用一些“支吾词语”和“填充词语”来避免表达的中断。例如可说：1 As you know,2 It goes without saying3 You know4 Well, let me see,八、恰当地使用关联词在表述过程中恰当地使用一些关联词可以使自己的表达更清晰，语言更连贯，逻辑层次更分明。例如可说：1 What is the most important is2 Whats more, 3 In addition,4 On the contrary,5 However,/Nevertheless,6 In brief,/I
12、n a word,/In short,7 In sum, /To sum up, 九、修正口误在口头表达时，免不了会出现口误。这时，及时地加以解释和修正将有助于保证交际效果。例如：What I have seen is most impressive. However, the principles can not be called perfect yetI mean the principles in some of the less important sides.该句通过“I mean”缩小了否定的范围。1I mean2That is to say3In other words,4We
13、ll, I was saying5To be more exact/accurate,6Ill put it (in) this way十常用于开头的句型有哪些？1) Peoples views/opinions onvary from person to person. Some people think that2) Different people have different views onit is held that3) When asked about,different people will offer different opinions. Some people say
14、 that4) Advantages and disadvantages of Like everything else, has (have) both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages (disadvantages) can be listed (summarized) as follows.5) How toMany ways (methods) can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most eff
15、ective.十一常用于插入的表达方式有哪些？Pardon me, but在讨论中，当别人讲话时，如果你想插上几句，你得注意寻找合适的机会。如果在一个不当的时候插语，人家会认为这是一种冒犯。一般来说，一句话的结尾是插话的好时机。UmUm（repeated until the speaker lets you speak）By the way(to change the subject)That reminds meThe way I see it十二 发言时如何有效地防止别人插话？在考试中，还是应尽可能充分地表现自己，当你谈话时，尽量不被他人打断。这里介绍一些有用的方法，可用以防止别人插话。A
16、nd another thing十三如何有效地结束就一个观点的表述？结束语一般应注意以下两个方面：一是要对上面所做的表述予以总结，与开头语相适应；二是有时可以顺势引导别人发言，使整个说话过程自然地继续。引导别人发言的方法有：专心-专注-专业Dont you agree？What do you think？用于结尾部分开头的短语有：In conclusion,In short,In a word,In brief,To sum up,In general,On the whole,Altogether,In all,十四常用于结尾的句型有哪些？一些固定的句型可以套用：1）对前面的表述进行归纳总结
17、的句型：From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion thatTaking all these factors into account, we may safely come to the conclusion that2）表明自己的观点的句型As I see itAs far as I am concernedIn a word, I believe thatFrom my point of view在表达观点时，一般可根据说话人表达观点的程度，采用不同的说法。 I tend to think t
18、hatWeakly I am inclined to think that I guess that Form my point of viewneutrally I believe that I am certain that I am absolutely convinced thatstrongly I am definitely sure that I really feel that1） 表明建议，希望，解决方法的句型：Ive got a really good ideaHow aboutWhy dont youWhy not十五口语考试有时会用到的随声附和的表示法是什么？Youre
19、 right.Thats it.Thats right.Certainly.Quite right.Sure.Surely.Correct.Of course. Exactly.十六. 考试中，如何使你的口语表达连贯流畅？要使自己的表述连贯流畅，就必须注意句子间的衔接。实现自己要表述的一个段落，或者说一段叙述的连贯性，其手段主要是词汇过渡手段。这里简要介绍几种词汇过渡手段。1） 表示递增Additionally; in addition, also, moreover, furthermore, besides, not onlybut also, not onlybutas well, wh
20、at is more, again2） 表示举例For example, for instance, such as, just as, as , like, a case in point, takefor example, as an example, as an illustration, as follows 3） 表示同位i.e., that is, that is to say, namely, in other words4）表示相似Similarly, correspondingly, in the same way, likewise, in fact, in reality
21、, as a matter of fact十七 .口语考试中如何正确地表示同意或不同意？我们可以运用下列结构表示同意，部分同意，不同意。Agree with someoneAgree to somethingAgreementI totally agree with you.I fully/completely agree.Im in total agreement withYou there.I totally accept that.I fully/completely agree.Im all in favour of that.PartialAgreementUp to a point
22、/a certain extent Id agree with you, butUp to a point/a certain extent Id accept that, butThat may be so, butThat may/might be right, butdisagreement(Im afraid) I cant accept thatI dont accept thatI cant go along with that.(Im afraid ) I cant accept thatI dont accept thatI cant go along with that.表达
23、同意的其他说法：Thats what I think.咱俩想的一样。I feel the same way. 我有同感。I agree completely.我完全同意。I cant agree more.我非常赞同你的看法。I guess thats true.我认为那是真的。Im on your side.我支持你。What I want to say is what he said just now.我想说的话也正是他刚才所说的。表达不同意的其他说法：I doubt if what he said is right. 我怀疑他说的对不对？Im not sure I agree with
24、you. 我不能说同意你的意见。I want to agree with you, but I cant 我想同意你，但不行。Its just opposite.正相反。Its not the case.事实并非如此。十八口语中如何表达肯定和不肯定？Certainty Expressions 表达肯定基本表达法Im quite certain it is.我十分确信。Im absolutely sure it is.我绝对相信。Im a hundred percent sure.我百分之百相信。非正式表达法No doubt it is.毫无疑问。Thats for sure.那是肯定的。正式表
25、达法You can be sure.确信无疑。I dont think I have any doubt about that.我对此没有任何疑问。There is no doubt about it.勿庸置疑。Uncertainty Expressions表达不肯定基本表达法Im not sure if it is. 我拿不准。十九拖延回答技巧Oh, let me think for a minute.Im not really sure.二十. 如何拒绝劝告和建议？人们不总是接受别人的建议和劝告，他们常常会这样说：Thats a good idea, butI really dont th
26、ink so, because二十一、适当地使用告别语1. Thank you for your attention. Bye.2. Thank you very much for your patience. Goodbye.第三节 应答技巧应答技巧主要指的是考生通过恰当地运用提问技巧、应付技巧和回答问题技巧来达到更好地交际的目的。一、没听清问题时请求重复1Excuse me. I cant quite follow you. Would you please say it again?2Excuse me, could you please repeat what you have jus
27、t said?3Would you mind repeating your question?4I beg your pardon?二、以反问的形式弄清问题以反问的形式弄清自己没有把握的问题是口语考试中避免直接向考官或其他考生请求重复的有效办法之一。这样做的好处是对方通常会对你所理解的问题提出评论性的意见。如果对方认为你的理解正确，你就可以按照原来对问题的理解回答问题。如果认为不准确，对方会把问题重复一下。这时，你便可以利用对方的重复、补充、解释或修正的机会，来检验检验核实自己第一次听到的内容，同时争取时间迅速组织应答。例如可说：1 Could I understand your questi
28、on like this？2 I think you were asking me aboutAm I right?第四节 回避问题技巧一、回避问题的原因由于种种原因，在口试过程中考生可能会遇到许多难以回答的问题。为了避免陷入尴尬局面，随机应变、巧妙地回避难以回答的问题是十分重要的。需要回避的原因有多种。常见的原因有：1 知识面不广，难以回答所提的问题；2 语言表达能力较差，不熟悉回答问题所需的相关术语，难以用恰当的词语回答；3 时间有限，无法展开问题；4 一时难以找到恰当的答案。二、回避问题的策略在讨论过程中回避难以回答的问题的主要目的是扬长避短，或者是把射向自己的“坏球”挡回去，以便寻求更
29、好的机会“重拳出击”或“重整旗鼓”。对于第一和第二种情况，建议采取的应付策略是：1 绝对回避：通过回避，在讨论的过程中不再重提。例如：1） Your question is really very important. But it needs a lecture to give you a full answer. Perhaps we can discuss it later.2） I think you have raised a very interesting question. But it cant be answered in a few words. In order to
30、Id like to2 暂时回避：以适当的话语暂搪塞，以便赢得时间来思考答案。例如：1） Foe the time being, I could just answer your question like this2） I have quite understood your question. To answer your question, lets put aside its precision for the moment and talk aboutfirst.3） Id like to hear your opinion first before I answer your qu
31、estions.3推荐给他人：把自己回答不了的问题以委婉的方式推给他人，可以掩饰自己对该问题的无能为力。这样做的另一个好处是可以利用对方回答问题的机会赢得宝贵的时间，以便该问题进行深入思考。同时还可以从对方的答案中获得启发，以便为进一步的讨论打下基础。常用的表达语句如下：1）As to this question, I think Henry can give you a satisfactory answer.2）The question is very interesting, isnt it, Henry?3）Dont you think it is really hard to sol
32、ve the problem, Henry?对于第三种情况，最佳的应付策略是：1 直接回避：如因时间所限，考生无法详尽地回答对方所提出的问题，可以直接说明不能给予详尽回答的理由。例如可说：2） Let me briefly answer your question. In my opinion3） For the moment, I would just like to answer your question briefly.2泛泛回答：考生对对方提出的问题一直理解得比较模糊，或者当对方已经做了重复，自己仍似懂非懂，但不宜再三请求重复，也不便硬作回答时，可采用泛泛回答问题的策略。泛泛回答问题
33、并不意味着无边际地回答问题，而是以谨慎的态度，回答自己最有把握的问题，甚至可以采取重复自己以前观点的策略。例如可说：1）Well, perhaps I can answer your question by briefly repeating my main opinion that2）Well, to answer your question, Id like to emphasize my opinion on对于第四种情况，考生可采用的回避策略十分灵活，既可以暂回避，也可以把问题推给他人，或委婉回避，或泛泛回答。至于采用哪一种策略效果最好，要视具体情况而定。因上文已给予说明，此处将不再展
34、开解释。1. Whats your name?2. Does your name have any special meaning?3. Where do you come from?4. What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?5. What is the main crop in your hometown?6. What is the difference between Beijing and your hometown?7. What are the main places of interest in your hometown
35、?8. What is the climate like in your hometown?9. What is the character of the people like in the region where you live?10. What are the differences in accent between the people of your hometown and Beijing?11. What is peoples favorite food in your region?12. How do you make dumplings?13. What do you
36、 do during the Spring Festival?14. Why is the Spring Festival so important to Chinese people?15. Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated in your country?16. Tell me something about the Lantern Festival.17. Tell me something about the Qing Ming Festival.18. Tell me something about the c
37、ustoms of your country.19. How long have you lived in Beijing?20. What is the weather like in Beijing?21. How do you compare the climate in Beijing with that in your hometown?22. What place in Beijing do you like best? Why ?23. Which is the worst place youve been to China?24. Which is the best place
38、 youve been to China?25. What places in Beijing should a foreigner visit? Why?26. What are the major social problems in Beijing? How can they be solved?27. What is the biggest problem China faces?28. What places in Beijing should a foreigner visit? Why?29. Could you tell me something about your fami
39、ly?30. Have you any children?31. What is your childs name? Does his name have a meaning?32. What does your wife/husband do?33. When did you get married?34. Describe your wedding.35. How have weddings changed in recent years?36. Are there any special customs about wedding in your region?37. Describe
40、a traditional wedding ceremony.38. Where did you go for your honeymoon?39. Did you have to ask for permission from your parents before you got married?40. Is it acceptable for couples to live together without marrying?41. Where do you think a newly couple should live? Living with their parents or on
41、 their own?42. What responsibilities should a couple take?43. How do Chinese usually celebrate birthdays?44. Are there any traditions concerning the birth of a baby?45. What kind of parent do you intend to be?46. What do you think of One-Child Policy in China?47. Why do people in China traditionally
42、 want to have a son?48. What difficulties do Chinese farmers have concerning their old age?49. What do you think needs to be done in order to relieve the farmers worries?50. What hope or fears do you have for your children?51. What sort of culture do you hope your child will grow up in?52. Are you g
43、oing to bring up your child differently from the way you were brought up? How?53. Do you enjoy shopping?54. Who does most of the shopping in your family?55. What are you good at cooking? What is your favorite dish?56. Who does most of cooking in your family?57. Is there sex discrimination in China?5
44、8. How do you sum up womens conditions in China?59. What are the causes of sex discrimination?60. Should government pay certain salaries to those housewives? Why or why not?61. Would you want your wife to continue with her career or to stay at home taking care of the household after you get married?
45、62. Have you ever wished to be one of the opposite sex? Why (why not)?63. What would you do if your next-door neighbour were noisy nearly all the time?64. Do you have a lot of friend?65. What does friendship mean to you? What kind of people do you make friend with?66. What is your major?67. How do you like your major?68. When and where did you graduate? What qualifications have you obtained?69. Do you still remember your school days?70. What impressed you most when you were at university?71. Which is the best university in your country