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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上西安碑林Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen. Today we are going to visit the treasure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China, the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets, which is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street, Xian. This museum was set up in 1087 an
2、d it collected more than 3000 stone tablets from the Han dynasty through the Qing dynasty. The whole area consists of 3 parts: Confucian temple, exhibition of stone tablets and stone carvings./总述Here we can see this museum is very beautiful because it used the tradition Chinese courtyard style. So c
3、ompared with other places, this museum is always quite peaceful and very silence. Now Id like to take this temple as an example to talk a little bit about Confucian, the great philosopher, educationist, politician in feudal society. And he was highly respected by Chinese. In order to show the respec
4、t for him, all the Confucian temple have no gate facing south, as this one showing only the gate open to the east and west what we called the gate of righteousness and courtesy respectively. /简介孔子Ok, now this way please. Inside this museum, we can see a wooden Memorial arch standing here; its Chines
5、e name is “PaiLou”. It is set up to honor or commemorate a distinguished person; as we continue our walking, now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple, in the ancient time only those students who passed state examination would be allowed to pass
6、 here./太和元气坊，畔池Now lets go through the stone gate in the middle which was only for high ranks in the past. Here we can see two national treasures. On the west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period. The Da xia period is a very short period in Chinese history, a
7、nd there are lots of wars at that time. Its difficult to find relics of this time, so its very precious. In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was cast in 711AD and was moved here from JingLong Taoist temple. This Bell is unique in 3 aspects: first: it has exquisitely carving with pho
8、enix and dragons. Second, it has beautiful sound which was recorded by CCTV and was played on New Years eve to welcome the New Years coming. Third, it has unique epigraph./大夏石马，景云钟Now we are going to visit 7 major stone tablet exhibition rooms. In front of the first exhibition room, we can see the s
9、tone-base Classic of Filial piety which is the largest and earliest one in this museum. It stands about 6 meters high and was made up of 35 pieces of blue stones. It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by LiLongJi(the 7th emperor of Tang dynasty). He wrote the preface to show his wish to manage the
10、country by advocating the principles of Filial piety./石台孝经In the first room, lets see the most completed and heaviest books in the world “The KaiCheng stone Classics” which was the doctrine of the Confucius and “must readings” for all the intellectuals in feudal society. In the past, copying was the
11、 popular way for students who study the doctrines. To prevent copying errors, emperor Tang Wenzong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 classics on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them. With another classic “Mencius” carved in Qing dynasty together we call “13 classics”./开
12、成石经In the second room, we can see many stone tablets of calligraphy in Tang dynasty. And the most famous one is the Nestorian Tablet. This tablet is also a national treasure, as it was the first one in Syrian characters that recorded Nestorians (one sect of Christianity) was introduced into China fr
13、om Roman Empire in 635AD. It describes its essence, ceremony, and activities in China. /大秦景教流行中国碑In the third room, various style of Chinese calligraphy can be seen on stone tablets such as the seal script, the official script, regular script, running hand and cursive hand. Let me give you very brie
14、f introduction of the development of Chinese characters. The seal scripts were only popular in Qin dynasty, and it was difficult for us to reading and writing. Based on that, new forms were created: they are the official and regular scripts. This was easy to remember because today we are still using
15、 it and it is popular to everybody. Running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some calligraphers at that time, it is quite different to control./中国文字字体发展简史The rest exhibition rooms house calligraphy and paintings, literatures and poems from different dynasties, And in the court yard you can
16、see many stone stakes with animals or figures carved on the top. In the past, they are for tying horses as well as for decoration.Ok, this way please. We are going to see the stone carving gallery. The stone carvings here are the masterpiece of stone arts from Han and Tang dynasty that arranged in c
17、hronological order. It can be divided into two parts: those are found from tombs and those are related to religions. Here, Id like to introduce the six famous steeds for you. They are so beautiful and vivid, also, they were the best friends of Tang emperor Tai zong (the second emperor of Tang dynast
18、y), because they kept their master in safe each time when they wounded with arrows on battle. In memory of his horses, Tang emperor Tai zong had them carved in relief to company his tomb. However, its very pity that two of the pieces were missing; now they are kept in the museum of university of Pen
19、nsylvania./石刻艺术室(昭陵六骏)Ok, everyone, so much for this today. We still have some free time. So next, you may look around and take some pictures. Well leave at 11oclock, so please dont be late. You know I will miss you. And Ill stay here, if you have any question, please ask me. By the way, watch your step please! So next, its your turn. Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening./结束专心-专注-专业