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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上CHAPTER 3SOURCES OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGEMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS1.Which of the following suggests that a nation will export the commodity in the production of which a great deal of its relatively abundant and cheap factor is used?a.The Linder theoryb.The product life cycle theoryc.The
2、 MacDougall theoryd.The Heckscher-Ohlin theory2.According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:a.Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb.Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc.Face dissimilar
3、 relative abundances of the factors of productiond.Find their per-capita income levels to be approximately the same3.Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a.Theory of factor endowmentsb.Comparative advantage theory
4、c.Theory of the product cycled.Overlapping demand theory4.The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a.Comparative advantageb.Factor endowmentsc.Overlapping demandsd.Absolute advantage5.Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a.Calculators
5、and computersb.Coal and crude oilc.Home movie camerasd.Office machinery6.Classical trade theory emphasized which of the following as an underlying explanation of the basis for trade?a.Productivities of labor inputsb.Tastes and preferences among nationsc.Changes in technologies over timed.Quantities
6、of economic resources7.Concerning the influence that transportation costs have on the location of industry, which of the following industries has generally attempted to locate production facilities close to resource supplies?a.Autosb.Steelc.Soft drinksd.Valuable electronics goods8.Assume that Countr
7、y A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:a.Laborb.Landc.Both labor and landd.Neither labor nor lan
8、d9.When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:a.Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from tradeb.Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from tradec.Higher
9、 trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from traded.Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade10.Most economists maintain that the major factor underlying wage stagnation in the United States in the 1990s has been:a.Import competitionb.Technological changec.Rising
10、real value of the minimum waged.Increasing union membership11.Assume the cost of transporting autos from Japan to Canada exceeds the pretrade price difference for autos between Japan and Canada. Trade in autos is:a.Impossibleb.Possiblec.Highly profitabled.Moderately profitable12.Eli Heckscher and Be
11、rtil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:a.Income levels among countriesb.Tastes and preferences among countriesc.Resource endowments among countriesd.Labor productivities among countries13.Hong Kong is relatively abundant in labor, while Canada
12、 is relatively abundant in capital. In both countries the production of shirts is relatively more labor intensive than the production of computers. According to the factor endowment theory, Hong Kong will have a(n):a.Absolute advantage in the production of shirts and computersb.Absolute advantage in
13、 the production of computersc.Comparative advantage in the production of shirtsd.Comparative advantage in the production of computers14.If Japanese workers receive lower wages in the production of autos than do American workers:a.Japan will have a comparative advantage in the production of autosb.Ja
14、pan will have an absolute advantage in the production of autosc.Production costs will be lower in Japan than in the U.S.d.Production costs could be lower in the U.S. if American labor productivity is higher than the Japanese15.Which trade theory suggests that a newly produced good, once exported, co
15、uld ultimately end up being imported as the technology is transferred to lower-cost nations?a.Factor endowment theoryb.Product life cycle theoryc.Overlapping demand theoryd.Comparative advantage theory16.A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run avera
16、ge cost is:a.Increasingb.Constantc.Decreasingd.None of the above17.A product will be internationally traded as long as the pretrade price differential between the trading partners is:a.Greater than the cost of transporting it between themb.Equal to the cost of transporting it between themc.Less than
17、 the cost of transporting it between themd.None of the above18.Which of the following suggests that by widening the markets size, international trade can permit longer production runs for manufacturers, which leads to increasing efficiency?a.Economies of scaleb.Diseconomies of scalec.Comparative cos
18、t theoryd.Absolute cost theory19.The Leontief paradox:a.Was applied to the product life cycle theoryb.Suggested that the U.S. exports labor-intensive goodsc.Found that national income differences underlie world trade patternsd.Implied that diseconomies of scale occur at low output levels20.Which of
19、the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?a.Manufactured goodsb.Servicesc.Primary productsd.None of the above21.The Heckscher-Ohlin theory explains comparative advantage as the result of differences in countries:a.Economies of large-scale productionb.Relative abundance of vario
20、us resourcesc.Relative costs of labord.Research and development22.Boeing aircraft company was able to cover its production costs of the first “jumbo jet” in the 1970s because Boeing could market it to several foreign airlines in addition to domestic airlines. This illustrates:a.How economies of scal
21、e make possible a larger variety of products in international tradeb.A transfer of wealth from domestic consumers to domestic producers as the result of tradec.How a natural monopoly is forced to behave more competitively with international traded.How a natural monopoly is forced to behave less comp
22、etitively with international trade23.Which trade theory contends that a country that initially develops and exports a new product may eventually become an importer of it and may no longer manufacture the product?a.Theory of factor endowmentsb.Theory of overlapping demandsc.Economies of scale theoryd
23、.Product life cycle theory24.The theory of overlapping demands predicts that trade in manufactured goods is unimportant for countries with very different:a.Tastes and preferencesb.Expectations of future interest rate levelsc.Per-capita income levelsd.Labor productivities25.The trade model of the Swe
24、dish economists Heckscher and Ohlin maintains that:a.Absolute advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradeb.Comparative advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradec.The division of labor is limited by the size of the world marketd.A country exports goods for which
25、its resource endowments are most suited26.According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:a.Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural productionb.Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural productionc.Export products that are land-intensive
26、d.Import products that are land-intensive27.For the United States, empirical studies indicate that over the past two decades the cost of international transportation relative to the value of U.S. imports has:a.Increasedb.Decreasedc.Not changedd.None of the above28.Should international transportation
27、 costs decrease, the effect on international trade would include a(n):a.Increase in the volume of tradeb.Smaller gain from tradec.Decline in the income of home producersd.Decrease in the level of specialization in production.29.That the division of labor is limited by the size of the market best app
28、lies to which explanation of trade?a.Factor endowment theoryb.Product life cycle theoryc.Economies of scale theoryd.Overlapping demand theory30.A larger variety of products results from international trade especially if:a.International trade affords producers monopoly powerb.National governments lev
29、y import tariffs and quotasc.Producing goods entails increasing costsd.Economies of scale exist for producers31.With economies of scale and decreasing unit costs, a country has the incentive to:a.Specialize completely in the product of its comparative advantageb.Specialize partially in the product o
30、f its comparative advantagec.Specialize completely in the product of its comparative disadvantaged.Specialize partially in the product of its comparative disadvantage32.Proponents of _ maintain that government should enact policies that encourage the development of emerging, “sunrise” industries.a.P
31、roduct life cycle policyb.Static comparative advantage policyc.Intraindustry trade policyd.Industrial policy33.Legislation requiring domestic manufacturers to install pollution abatement equipment tends to promote:a.Higher production costs and an increase in outputb.Higher production costs and a dec
32、rease in outputc.Lower production costs and an increase in outputd.Lower production costs and a decrease in output34.Stringent governmental regulations (e.g., air quality standards) imposed on domestic steel manufacturers tend to:a.Enhance their competitiveness in the international marketb.Detract f
33、rom their competitiveness in the international marketc.Increase the profitability and productivity of domestic manufacturersd.Reduce the market share of foreign firms selling steel in the domestic market35.Among the determinants underlying a countrys international competitiveness in business service
34、s (e.g., construction) are:a.The potential scale economies afforded by a markets sizeb.Abundance of equipment including data processing facilities and computersc.Skills and capabilities of employees and their wage ratesd.All of the above36.The simultaneous import and export of computers by Germany i
35、s an example of:a.Intraindustry tradeb.Interindustry tradec.Perfect competitiond.Imperfect competition37.Linders theory of overlapping demand provides an explanation of:a.Product life cycle theoryb.Factor endowment modelc.Economies of large-scale productiond.Intraindustry trade38.Intraindustry trade
36、 can be explained in part by:a.Adam Smiths principle of absolute advantageb.Perfect competition in product marketsc.Diseconomies of large scale productiond.Transportation costs between and within nations39.The Leontief paradox provided:a.Support for the principle of absolute advantageb.Support for t
37、he factor endowment modelc.Evidence against the factor endowment modeld.Evidence against the principle of absolute advantage40.Which trade theory suggests that comparative advantage tends to shift from one nation to another as a product matures?a.Interindustry trade theoryb.Intraindustry trade theor
38、yc.Product life cycle theoryd.Overlapping demand theory41.Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?a.Specific factors theoryb.Product life cycle theoryc.Economies of scale theoryd.Overlapping demand theory42.According to the specific factors tra
39、de theory:a.Owners of factors specific to export industries suffer from trade, while owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gainb.Owners of factors specific to export industries gain from trade, while owners of factors specific to import-competing industries sufferc.Both owners of
40、 factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gain from traded.Both owners of factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries suffer from trade43.Which nation has sometimes been characterized a
41、s being a “pollution haven” due to its lenient environmental standards that encourage the production of pollution-intensive goods?a.Japanb.Canadac.Germanyd.Mexico44.Boeing Inc. has criticized The Airbus Companys competitiveness on the grounds that Airbus benefits from:a.Import tariffs protecting Air
42、bus in the European marketb.Import quotas protecting Airbus in the European marketc.Lenient environmental standards of European governmentsd.Production subsidies supplied by European governments45.To justify the subsidies it has received from European governments, The Airbus Company has used all of
43、the following arguments except:a.Its subsidies have prevented U.S. aircraft firms from holding a worldwide monopolyb.U.S. aircraft firms have benefitted from military-sponsored programs of the U.S. governmentc.Airbus subsidies were totally repaid as the firm realized profits on its aircraft salesd.W
44、ithout subsidies to Airbus, Europe would be dependent on the United States as a supplier of aircraft46.Expanding trade or technological improvements:a.Increases the demand for skilled workers in the U.S.b.Decreases the demand for unskilled workers in the U.S.c.Increases the demand for unskilled work
45、ers in the U.S.d.Both a and b.47.Economists agree that wages of unskilled workers are being held down by:a.International tradeb.Technology improvementsc.Lack of educationd.A combination of a, b, and c48.The factor endowment theory states that comparative advantage is explained:a.Exclusively by diffe
46、rences in relative supply conditionsb.Exclusively by differences in relative national demand conditionsc.Both supply and demand conditionsd.None of the above49.The factor endowment theory assumes:a.Same tastes and preferencesb.Factor inputs of uniform qualityc.Same technologyd.All of the above50.In
47、explaining international trade, the product life cycle theory focuses on:a.Tastes and preferencesb.The role of technological innovationc.Per-capita income levels of nationsd.Both b and c.TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONSTF1.According to Ricardian theory, comparative advantage depends on relative differences in labor productivity.TF2.The Heckscher-Ohlin theory asserts t