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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上宾语从句用法小结宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的语法之一。中考经常会出现相关的题目。掌握宾语从句应注意引导词（连词），语序以及时态三方面要素。下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容宾语从句句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had 过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（
2、would do.was/were going to do）接下来我们一起来具体了解宾语从句的用法以及应注意点（你认为重要的或者容易出错的地方最好用红笔划出来）一、 宾语从句的引导词1. 当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义常省略。eg. I think (that) he is right. I know (that) she is a Canadian athlete. Im sure (that) he will get the job. Im glad (that) you are trying to help others. He tells me (that)
3、 he will work hard this term.特别注意：宾语从句否定意义的转移。 若主句的谓语动词是think , believe , suppose, guess等词，而且主句的主语是第一人称时候，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to come to the party .2. 当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。有意义不能省略。从句的语序要用陈述语序。句末的标点符号由主句决定。常出现的特殊疑问词：when, why, how, where, wh
4、o、whom、whose、which, what等。 eg. 1) He asks. How can they get to school? He asks how they can get to school. 2) Do you know? When did he buy this pen? Do you know when he bought this pen? 3) Can you tell me ? What is your name? Can you tell me what your name is?3. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”“是
5、不是”“能否”等。 eg. 1) He asks me if/ whether he can come. 2) Im not sure if/ whether she will help me. 3) Do you know if/ whether the train will arrive on time?特别注意：1）直接与or not连用时,往往用whether 不用if eg. Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来。2）介词之后用whether 不用if eg. They are talking about whether
6、he will win the game. Im worried about whether they will arrive on time.3) 不定式前用whether 不用if二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前(1)主句（that）从句（主语谓语）；(2 )主句if/whether从句（主语谓语）；(3)主句特殊疑问词+陈述句语序（主语谓语） eg. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? Can you tell me what your name is?
7、特别注意：Whats the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如：The teacher asked the students what the matter was.The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 三、宾语从句的时态要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响，根据实际情况而定。eg. I know
8、 that she will leave China tomorrow. Do you know why I could pass the exam last term ? 2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。eg. Mr. King didnt know when his son came home yesterday evening. He wanted to know when the meeting would start. She didnt tell us where she lived.3. 主句是一般过去时，但如
9、果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . He said that the sun rises in the east. She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.特别注意：若是主句出现 Could you tell me ? Would you please tell me ? 这样的句型，并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气，其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定
10、。不要混淆哦。做题目要特别注意。eg. Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening?四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理： 当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。 He doesnt know if the famous singer will come tomorrow. 当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。He will come if he has t
11、ime tomorrow.五、例题讲解(1) He asked _.A. that she was free the next weekB. if she has done her workC. what did she doD. what her name was根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句，不可能用that 这个连词，因此选择D.（2）Didnt your teacher say _?A. how long you would be awayB. the moon traveled round the earthC. that Peter is
12、 very cleverD. that light travels faster than sound根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句，根据主句时态排除C, 而B,D都属于客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，所以只能选D.六、实践操练1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting bookAthat Bhow Cwhat Dif2I dont know _ MrGreen will come to see us He will help us with our E
13、nglish Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere3We never know _ the old man is They say he is a teacherAwhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere4. Do you know _ ？Im going to see him Sorry，I dont knowAwhere does MrLi live Bwhere did MrLi liveCwhere MrLi lives Dwhere MrLi lived5. I dont feel very wellMum asked me _ this morningAwhat th
14、e matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat was the matter Dwhat wrong was6. Do you know _?A.What time will the plane take offB.What time would the plane take offC.What time the plane will take offD. the plane will take off at what time7. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter w
15、asC. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. The teacher didnt begin her class_the students stopped talking. Auntil Bbecause Cafter Dwhen9. If it_tomorrow, well go to the Great wall. Adoesnt rain Bwont rain Cnot rains Disnt rain10. .Could you tell me_we get to the plane? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat1
16、1. The teacher says_she will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat12. You must make your new house clean and safe_you move in. Abecause Bwhen Cbefore Duntil13. I was_tired_I couldnt walk on. Asothat Btooto Cverythat Dveryto14. I thought he_ to see his mother if he_time. Awill
17、 gohas Bwill go will have Cwould go would have Dwould go had参考答案：D A ACC C A A A A CC A D1. Wang Hai told me _he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)2. Can you tell me _else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)3. She said _it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinks _ he can do b
18、etter.(how, who)5. I hope he (come) back in a week.6. Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句) Could you tell me _ it _ much money to fly to Beijing ?7. I am good at swimming. Jack said. _8. Are they from Germany? Tom asked. _9. Did that girl break the window? Please t
19、ell me. _10 How many girls are there in the room? Our teacher asked. _11 Have your parents ever been to London? He didnt know. _12 There are 12 months in a year. Mum told me. _参考答案：1.why 2.who 3 that 4. how 5 will come 6.if, costs 7. Jack said that he was good at swimming.8. Tom asked if they were f
20、rom Germany.9. Please tell me if that girl broke the window.10. Our teacher asked how many girls there were in the room.11. He didnt know if your parents had ever been to London.12. Mum told me that there are 12 months in a year习题（一） 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took
21、 B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ a dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she
22、 could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 答案：1-5 A D C B C习题（二） 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I
23、hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C
24、who D whose习题（三） 1. They dont know_their parents are. A that B what C why D which 2. Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. who
25、se pen it is D. whose pen was it 4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 6 Could you
26、tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 答案：1-6 B D B A A C习题（四） 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区） A. that B. how C. what D. if 2
27、. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. （杭州市） A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. We never know _ the old m an is. They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市） A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重庆市） A.
28、 that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. （北京市海淀区） A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市） A. ; bought B.
29、has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. （重庆市） A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was 8. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . （南昌市） A. t
30、hat B. which C. where D. there 答案：14 D A A D 58 C A C C 宾语从句专项训练I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，Ill tell you Aif；Whether Bwhether；Whether Cif；That Dif；If 2I dont know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether hell come
31、3Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere 4Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？ Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mend Chow he mended Dwhat he mended 5I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is looking Cwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking afte
32、r 6Do you know where _ now？ Ahe lives Bdoes he live Che lived Ddid he live 7Do you know what time _ ？ Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves 8I dont know _ Can you tell me，please？ Ahow the two players are old Bhow old are the two players Cthe two players are h
33、ow old Dhow old the two players are 9The small children dont know _ Awhat is their stockings in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings 10I cant understand _ Awhat does Christmas mean Bwhat Christmas does mean Cwhat mean Christmas does Dwhat Christmas means
34、II按要求转换句型。 1Does MrBrown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子） Could you tell us _ MrBrown _ living in China？ 2“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3Jim is not a studentTom is not a student，either（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _ Tom is a student 4When does th
35、e train leave？I want to know（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _ 5They went home after they had finished their homework（用notuntil改写） They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday
36、宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I15DDDCD 610ADDBD II1ifwhether；enjoys 2ifwhether；needed 3Neither；nor 4when；leaves 5didnt；until 6whether；came宾语从句常用句式辨析同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes h
37、e will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句
38、谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The
39、headmaster ordered us to start at once.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.专心-专注-专业