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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上龙文教育个性化辅导教案教师 学生姓名 授课日期 学科英语授课层次 初二授课主题 英语句子结构教学目标1、知识目标:英语简单句的五大基本句型2、能力目标:对英语句式结构的熟练应用教学点3、重 点:英语简单句的五大基本句型4、难 点:英语简单句的五大基本句型本堂课重点知识序列【十大词类特点、功能一览表】词类特点词形变化能充当的句子成分不能充当句子的成分名词1、 有可数与不可数的名词区别;2、 有单数与复数3、 有所有格形式“s”1、 单数名词和不可数名词不变形;2、 绝大多数复数名词由单数名词加s构成;3、 以s, x, sh, ch和一些o结尾的名词加es构成复数;4、
2、 另有少数单、复数形式相同或变形较特殊的名词主语表语宾语宾补定语谓语状语(时间名词除外)代词可分为好几类,各类代词的作用有分工和差别。人称代词、物主代词、主格代词宾语代词疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词、自身代词。作动词的宾语和介词的宾语时不能用主格代词,改用宾格形式:me,us,him,her,you,it (其中you,it 与主格同形)。主语表语宾语定语(注意各类代词的具体分工)谓语状语冠词只有a和the两个.多数用法很有规律,但少数用法不规则,或较特殊,要格外留神.a在元音开头的词前时改为an,为了发音、连读方便。只作前置定语。(the加在极少数形容词或过去分词前就使他们名词化)前置定语以
3、外的任何句子成分数词有基数词、序数词、分数词。绝大多数序数词由基数词加th构成主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语。谓语状语形 容 词有比较级和最高级的词形变化。1、 单音节形容词、副词后加er、est构成比较级和最高级;2、 以y结尾者先改y为i再加er、est;3、 以不发音的e 结尾者只加r,st;4、有10来个形容词和副词的变形较特殊。表语定语宾补状语谓语主语宾语副词有比较级和最高级的词形变化。表语(定语)宾补状语主语谓语宾语动词1、 有5种词形变化2、 有7种分类,作用各不相同,是学习中的重中之重。原形、过去式、过去分词、不定式、ing式(ing式被一般语法分为动名词和现在分词,是增加头绪和
4、麻烦)主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、无介词1、 是虚词,不能独立作句子成分;2、 主要与名词类词语构成介词词组;3、 与名词、形容词、动词构成千千万万的惯用搭配和灵活搭配。无1、 介词词组充当表语、宾补、定语、状语;2、 介词加在不及物动词后使之能带宾语。介词词组不能充当主语、谓语、宾语。连词虚词,只起连词作用。无连接单词与单词、词组与词组、句子与句子。主、谓、宾、定、状、宾补等(从属连词除外)感 叹 词特殊,独立运动。无用于句首或单独运动。状语外的任何句子成分。英语简单句的五大基本句型学习目标了解英语简单句的五大基本句型。能够准确判断出简单句的句型。通过练习熟悉五大句型。自学指导
5、句子结构分类句子结构分类简单句(Simple Sentences)包含一套主谓结构的句子并列句(Compound Sentences)包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接复合句(Complex Sentences)包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子,且从句用从属连词引导简单句的基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns) 英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五中基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。1
6、. 主谓句型(主语 + 不及物动词)S + Vi. 1.1 Great changes have taken place. 1.2 We all breathe, eat and drink.1.3 The blind study in special schools.1.4 Fighting broke out between the South and North.1.5 To tell the truth always pays.1.6 What he said doesnt matter.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的_语。主语是一个句子的主题,是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首
7、。可用作主语的有_, _, _, _, _等等。谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中,我们不难看出,句子的谓语动词是不及物动词,这些不及物动词可以是单个动词也可以是短语,由此,可以归纳出这些例句都属于_ 句型。此句型的特点是谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需要跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等做状语。如:He laughted.John has read widely.He lives in London.【练一练】找出下列句子的主语并注意谓语动词。1) Two days passed.2) The war ended peacefully.3) The girl cam
8、e in quietly.4) The group of children went there on foot.5) It is blowing.6) Everybody is now studying hard.7) The story spread all over the town.8) The book sells well.9) We live to devote.10) The sun has risen.2. 主谓宾句型(主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语) S + Vt. + O2.1 I like China.2.2 He hates you.2.3 -How many do y
9、ou need?-I need two.2.4 We should help the old and the poor.2.5 I like working with you.2.6 I hope to see you again.2.7 Did you write down what he said?2.8 Im looking forward to hearing from you.2.9 It took me a while to adapt to the job.2.10 He looks after his little daughter on Sundays分析以上例句,可以看出斜
10、体部分是句子的_语。句子的宾语可以由_, _, _, _, _, _等充当,它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容。或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句子的谓语动词可以是单个的动词也可以是短语,如例句中的look forward to, look after等。这类句型即_句型。此句型的特点是谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如:Our team beat all the others.【练一练】翻译下列句子,并指出句子的主干(主谓宾)1)I ride a bike to school.2)Youd better follow my advice.3)Do you mind
11、 my smoking.4)You should practice writing more.5)The room needs painting.6)Do remember to lock the door.3. 主系表句型(主语 + 系动词 + 表语) S + Link.V + P3.1 He is a teacher.3.2 The best composition is hers.3.3 Five and five is ten.3.4 He is asleep.3.5 His father is thin.3.6 The picture is on the wall.3.7 My wa
12、tch is gone/lost/missing.3.8 To see is to believe.3.9 The question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的_语。表语说明主语的性质,状态,特征或身份。通常由_, _, _, _, _, _等充当。以上句型属于_句型。 此句型的特点是谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。本句型中,系动词除了be以外,还可以是: 1). Several players lay flat on the playground. 2). We should remai
13、n modest and prudent any time. 3). The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. 4). It is getting warmer and warmer. 5). Dont have the food. It has gone bad. 6) The facts prove true. 7). The rose smells sweet. 以上系动词可以分类为:感觉(feel, look, smell, taste, sound); 仍然(remain, continue, stay, keep
14、); 变成(become, come, go, get, turn, grow); 似乎(seem; appear);证明是(prove, turn out) 【练一练】 在空白处填上合适的系动词使句意完整。1) Failure _the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。2) The flower _ pleasant. 这花闻起来很香。3) I dont _ well today. 今天我感觉不舒服。4) Getting up early _ good to ones health. 早起对健康有益。5) I _ angry about it. 我对此十分生气。6) _
15、 careful of your health. 小心你的健康。7) Mr. blacks face slowly _ red. 布莱克的脸慢慢变红了。8) The plan _ very practical. 这个计划听起来很实际。9) His experiment _ to be successful。 他的实验证明是成功的。4. 主谓双宾句型(主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语) S + Vt. + Oi + Od4.1 She ordered herself a new dress.4.2 She cooked her husband a delicious meal.4.
16、3 He brought you a dictionary.4.4 He denies her nothing.4.5 I showed him my picture.4.6 I gave my car a wash.4.7 I told him the bus was late.4.8 He showed me how to run the machine.仔细观察以上例句,可以看出,斜体部分是句子的宾语,下划线部分也是句子的_语,也就是一个句子中有两个_语。不难发现,斜体部分为“人或者物”,称为间接宾语;下划线部分为“物或者事”,称为直接宾语。这类句型叫做_句型。此句型的特点是谓语动词是及
17、物动词,后面跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有:answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua.? She ordered a new
18、dress for herself. I showed my picture to him. 【练一练】改写句子,不改变句意。1) He gave me a red rose. = _.2) She made me a beautiful dress. = _.3) He brings cookies to me every day. = _.4) My father bought my sister a personal computer. = _.5) He never lends his car to others. = _.6) Show me your license. = _.7)
19、 Can you spare the children some minutes? = _.8) The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners. = _.5. 主谓宾补句型(主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语) S + Vt. + O + C5.1 They named the child Jim.5.2 He boiled the egg hard.5.3 He painted the door green.5.4 I found the book very interesting.5.5 We saw him out.5.6 Th
20、e comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take over.5.7 I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。分析以上句子,可以看出,动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整,这个补充成分叫做_语。(斜体部分即宾语的补足语),可以用作宾语补足语的有_, _, _, _, _等。这个句型称作_句型。此句型的特点是谓语动词后虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。常用于这个句型的动词有:1) 感官动词:
21、see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find, smell2) 使役动词:have, let, make, get3) 表示心理状态的动词:consider, think, believe, find, imagine, suppose, prove4) 表示情感状态的动词:love, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect5) 动词keep/leave使/让保持某种状态We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 【练一练】单
22、项选择 1)I am sorry to have kept you _. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 2)She found her dog _ over by a car on the road. A. run B. ran C. to run D. running 3)She felt somebody _ her. A. touched B. touches C. touch D. to touch 4)I will make your dream _. A. comes true B. to come true C. coming t
23、ruly D. come true 5)We must have the machine _. A. to repair B. repairing C. repair D. repaired 6)The speaker found himself _ all alone. A. misunderstand B. misunderstandingC. misunderstood D. to misunderstand6. 复杂句式都是由这五种基本句型拓展而成。如果在名词或代词前或后面加上词,短语或者句子来修饰,那么这些修饰或限制名词或代词的词,词组或句子就是定语。 如:6.1 He is a c
24、hemistry teacher.6.2 We belong to the third world.6.3 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.4 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.6.5 The boys playing football are in Class 2.6.6 You should do everything that I do.6.7 I have an idea to do it well.通过以上例句可以看出,用作定语的可以是名词,代词,数词,形容词,
25、介词短语,动名词,分词,不定式或从句。7. 在英语中,修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的成分叫状语。如:7.1 The girl is improving remarkably.7.2 He ran for shelter.7.3 Because he was ill, Tom lost his job.可以用作状语的有副词,分词,不定式,介词短语或从句。当堂训练根据句意连词成句,并指出属于哪种句型。(一) _结构1. 你应当努力学习。study you hard should 2. 他昨天回家很晚。he yesterday evening late home very went 3. 那天早上
26、我们谈了很多。a great deal talked we that morning 4. 会议将持续两个小时。meeting last will the hours two 5. 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。have changes taken place great in my home in the past ten years (二)_结构1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 night wrote I letter a 2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 afternoon I want talk to with you this 3. 这本书他读过多次了。 this he read
27、 has many book times 4. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 finish these you reading must books two in weeks 5. 他们成功地完成了计划。 successfully carried they have out the plan (三)_结构1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。 all my are brothers students college 2. 冬季白天短,夜晚长。 days short long in the nights the are winter and are 3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康 Mrs. Brown very
28、 healthy looks 4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 he a famous at age 15 the of became pianist 5. 孩子们,请保持安静。 keep please children quiet (四)_结构1. Johnson先生去年教我们德语。 taught German year us Mr. Johnson last 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 grandma an me story interesting night told an last 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 handed Mary the to schoolm
29、aster wallet the 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗? pass the would please me dictionary you 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 conductor showed the he to the ticket (五)主谓宾补结构1. 他的父母给他取名为John. John named his him parents 2. 我们大家认为他是诚实的。 all him us considered of honest 3. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。 we school make will beautiful our more 4. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 onc
30、e the ordered guards leave to at us 5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。 will have repair I tomorrow someone to machine the 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 English read morning we him every hear aloud 7. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 recorder I get my will mended 8. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 before I never seen the used have word way that 9. 他感到很难和你交谈。 to it you with difficult felt very he talk 10. 学校制定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。 when begins the rule should class that it made school a students stand the should up 课堂练习:课后作业: 教师学生课堂反馈学生对于本次课的评价: 特别满意 满意 一般 学生签字:学生的课堂表现: 很积极 比较积极 一般积极 不积极 学生上次作业完成情况: 优 良 中 差 教师签字:备 注导师签字主任审批 南 京 龙 文 教 育专心-专注-专业