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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Passage 1Im pretty confident that there will never be a day when all the world is in agreement about the best human diet. Im an omnivore myself, but I have friends who swear by their paleo, vegetarian, and vegan diets. All of us can make compelling arguments about why we eat the way we
2、do, and all of us can make valid criticisms of diets that are unlike our own.For me, deciding how and what to eat required a close examination of the values and principles that truly matter to me. The type of food we consume has immediate health and economic consequences, but it also has a significa
3、nt impact on our environment.As a study shows, the manner and scale at which our society currently raises animal for human consumption contributes to climate change in major way. It also wastes water, pollutes our soil, and contaminates fresh water supplies. So if youre really trying to live a low-i
4、mpact life, eating less meat and ensuring that the meat you do eat is raised by responsible farmers and ranchers could help you shrink your carbon footprint a lot faster than buying a hybrid or skipping showers.1. The author believes that ( )A. people will be more and more rational in choosing the f
5、ood they eat.B. the arguments about what should be eaten will never come to an end.C. people will someday reach a consensus on what the best food is.D. people will be more and more fastidious in choosing the food they eat.2. When deciding how and what to eat, the author ( )A. has some important prin
6、ciples to follow.B. will consult with his friends.C. will follow the instructions of his friends.D. considers only his own interests.3. The type of food we eat ( )A. has an indirect but great effect on our environment.B. has nothing to do with our environment.C. has nothing to do with our health.D.
7、is decided only by our economic status.4. What is implied in Paragraph 3 ( )A. We should stop raising animals for human consumption.B. We should stop eating animals.C. The way animals are raised for human consumption should be improved.D. Environmental pollution and climate change are caused by rais
8、ing animals for human consumption.Passage 2Americans are too busy for lunch breaks, reports AOL. Rather than leaving the office for some much needed relaxation, most workers are opting to dine at their desks. According to a survey, 62% of American office workers usually eat their lunch in the same s
9、pot they work all day.In a weakened economy, many employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth or look like a superstar worker who goes above and beyond to get the job done. Plus, when coworkers are working through their lunch breaks, no one wants to be the person who looks like a slacker.F
10、or others, it is not just a matter of saving time, but saving money. Eating out routinely gets expensive, so bringing a lunch to eat at the desk is also the thrifty choice for the American worker.On a national level, the United States does not mandate that businesses allow their employees a lunch br
11、eak. However, 22 states do have explicit laws on the books stating that workers must take a half hour to hour lunch break. Nonetheless, even workers in these states often find themselves ignoring the law to chow down next to their computers.In addition to lunch, 27% will eat breakfast at their desk
12、(at least they are not skipping it altogether), and 50% will snack at their desk throughout the workday. Unfortunately, using the desk as a dining table could be a health hazard. With about two in three workers admitting they clean their desk less than once a month, the unsanitary surface leaves wor
13、kers susceptible to foodborne illnesses.1. According to the report by AOL, most American office workers usually ( )A. take lunch at their desks.B. take a nap after lunch.C. go out to eat at lunch time.D. enjoy free lunch.2. ( ) makes the American employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth
14、.A. The employers encouragementB. An upturn in economyC. The cozy working environment.D. A downturn in economy.3. According to Paragraph 4, ( )? A. most states of America have passed the laws stating that workers must take some lunch break.B. the workers in the 22 states work fewer hours than those
15、in the other states.C. the workers in the 22 states do not necessarily take a better lunch break than those in the other states.D. the workers in the 22 states take a longer lunch break than those in the other states.4. What is a disadvantage of taking lunch at the desk?A. It may save time for the e
16、mployees.B. It may do harm to the employees health.C. It may save money for the employees.D. It may help the employees reduce their weight.Passage 3In many urban centers throughout the world, vibrant waste recycling programs arent just eco-minded niceties, but they serve an essential role in keeping
17、 communities clean and clutter-free. But thanks to one forward-thinking initiative in the Brazilian city of Jundia, trading in trash has never been tastier.Ten years ago, the citys Municipal Utilities Department launched “Delicious Recycling”, a program aimed at encouraging residents to get into the
18、 habit of collecting recyclable waste in exchange for fresh vegetables, grown locally in a public-run garden and boy did it take off. Today, the garden boasts more than 30 thousand plants to meet the demand of thousands of veggie-loving recyclers, turning aluminum cans and plastic bottles into edibl
19、e greens.Ultimately, the program has done wonders for the health of the environment as well, by ridding the city of improperly disposed waste. “What once cluttered and even choked the flow of water from storm drains is today used as currency for healthy food,” local mayor Miguel Haddad tells Jundia
20、Online. “Everybody wins with this.”As innovative as Jundias “Delicious Recycling” may seem, its actually not the first of its kind, but given the programs success, its no wonder why though a number of other Brazilian municipalities offer similar incentives to reward recyclers with food, the idea see
21、ms to be catching internationally like in Mexico City, where residents recently exchanged trash for nearly three tons of vegetables!1. Waste recycling programs ( )A. are paid little attention to in many urban centers.B. help make communities clean and tidy.C. have nothing to do with the sanitation o
22、f communities.D. are inactive in many urban centers.2. The purpose of “Delicious Recycling” is ( )A. to teach residents how to make delicious food.B. to reward residents who do well in classifying rubbish.C. to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste for meat or vegetables.D. to encourage resi
23、dents to trade recyclable waste for vegetables.3. According to local mayor Miguel Haddad, ( )A. water in storm drains is flowing more freely than before because the trash in it has been removed.B. water in storm drains can be exchanged for healthy food.C. water in storm drains is essential to the gr
24、owing of fresh vegetables.D. there is more trash in storm drains now than there used to be.4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. “Delicious Recycling” has failed to achieve the desired result.B. There are no waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities.C. Mexico City is pr
25、obably imitating Jundias “Delicious Recycling”.D. Waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities are more successful than Jundias “Delicious Recycling”.Passage 4A class action lawsuit has been filed against General Mills for misrepresenting the product it calls Yoplait Greek. It isnt Gre
26、ek, and it isnt yogurt. The sales of Yoplait Greek already lag far behind other brands such as Chobani and Fage in an exploding Greek yogurt market, and this latest lawsuit wont help any. “Yoplait Greek does not comply with the standard of identity of yogurt,” the lawsuit states. “Indeed, Yoplait Gr
27、eek contains Milk Protein Concentrate (“MPC”) which is not among the permissible ingredients of yogurt, non-fat yogurt, and low-fat yogurt (collectively “yogurt”) as set forth under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.”Authentic Greek yogurt is thicker in consistency and richer in protein because its s
28、trained of liquid whey. But MPC offers an alternative to this process. It is, as described on FoodNavigator-USA, “a very high protein dry milk product, which has been touted for use in Greek-style products to increase their protein content and provide a thick, creamy texture without the need for exp
29、ensive straining.”In its corporate eagerness to claim a larger share of the Greek yogurt market, General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek because, as reported in the Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal, it is “cheaper to store and transport than wet milk and costs less than dry milk due to minima
30、l tariffs on MPC imports and lower foreign milk prices.” New Zealand is the biggest supplier of MPC to the United States. In short, as stated in the lawsuit, “The use of MPC is financially advantageous to defendants.” It allows General Mills to manufacture more product at lower cost, and thats the o
31、nly reason its in the yogurt.Never mind that the use of the substance in yogurt flouts FDA rules for the standard of identity of the food. So far the extent of General Millss defense is that the FDA never explicitly prohibited MPC in yogurt. Thats a lesson in logic. Any substance that is not explici
32、tly prohibited is officially permitted.Never mind, as well, the questionable safety of the substance, which is not included on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) or on the FDA list of food additives. In other words, it hasnt actually been approved for use in food.1. The l
33、awsuit against General Mills ( ) A. is a leading factor that has caused the sales of Yoplait Greek to lag behind other brands.B. will make the sales of Yoplait Greek lag behind other brandsC. will help increase the sales of Yoplait Greek.D. has no direct relationship with the fact that the sales of
34、Yoplait Greek have already lagged far behind other brands.2. Authentic Greek yogurt ( )A. is strained of liquid whey.B. thicker in consistency than Yoplait Greek.C. richer in protein than Yoplait Greek.D. contains MPC.3. According to the lawsuit, it is ( ) that General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Gree
35、k.A. for the improvement of its qualityB. for the convenience of transportationC. for the reduction of costsD. for the extension of its shelf life4. Which of the following statements is true?A. The FDA has approved the use of MPC in yogurt.B. MPC is on the FDA list of substances generally recognized
36、 as safeC. The FDA has neither prohibited nor approved the use of MPC in yogurt.D. MPC is on the FDA list of food additives.Passage 5Apples have become the latest controversial entry into the genetically modified food debate, following a July 12 New York Times piece written by Andrew Pollack. Okanag
37、an Specialty Fruits, a small British Columbia company, wants to start marketing a non-browning apple, and it has applied for approval in Canada and in the United States.The Arctic apple, available so far in the Golden Delicious and Granny Smith varieties, contains an extra copy of a gene which inter
38、feres with the enzymatic activity that causes browning. The enzyme is polyphenol oxidase.According to Neal Carter, founder and president of Okanagan Specialty Fruits, the non-browning Arctic apple is just what consumers are looking for. A whole apple, he tells the Times, is “for many people too big
39、a commitment,” and apple slices that have browned just arent appetizing. (What a burden we bear to have to eat a whole apple, let alone an unsightly one.)Carter suggests that it is merely a cosmetic change intended to encourage people to eat more apples. But its more than that, of course.It is inten
40、ded “to turn the apple into an industrialized product,” said Lucy Sharratt, coordinator of the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, as reported in the Times. In Common Ground, a Canadian monthly magazine dedicated to health, wellness and ecology, Yukon farmer Tom Rudge says, “We should eat real fo
41、od instead of genetically engineering an apple so companies can slice it, wrap it in plastic and truck it across the country.” Organic apple farmer Harry Burton of Salt Spring Island sees it as “an indication of our distancing from nature.” As Pollack reports, the U.S. Apple Association opposes the
42、introduction of the Arctic apple, but not out of any objection to genetic engineering. In fact, they declare on their website that “in order to continue discovering new and valuable benefits from apples, U.S. Apple supports advancements from technology and genetics and genomics research.” The proble
43、m for U.S. Apple, Pollack writes, is that the non-browning Arctic apple “could undermine the fruits image as a healthy and natural food, the one that keeps the doctor away and is as American as, well, apple pie.”1. As to the Arctic apple, which of the following statements is wrong?A. It will not tur
44、n brown.B. There is no enzymatic activity in its body.C. It is a kind of genetically modified food.D. The enzymatic activity that causes browning has been reduced.2. According to Neal Carter, ( )A. The non-browning Arctic apple is very popular among consumers.B. A new type of smaller apple will be d
45、eveloped to meet the demand of some consumers.C. The color of apples has nothing to do with ones appetite. D. The non-browning Arctic apple is more nutritious than other varieties.3. From what the organic farmers said, we know that it is undesirable to ( )A. eat real food instead of genetically modi
46、fied food.B. attach more importance to industry than to agriculture.C. cultivate farm products in an industrialized way.D. be close to nature.4. Why is the U.S. Apple Association against the introduction of the Arctic apple?A. Because it is against genetic engineering.B. Because it cannot benefit fr
47、om this kind of apple.C. Because this kind of apple will undermine the fruits image as a healthy and natural food.D. The reason is not mentioned in the passage.Passage 11. B. 根据第一段可知，人们永远无法对什么是最佳食物这一问题达成共识，人们永远有理由说明自己选择的食物是最好的，别人不同于自己的食物是不好的，所以选B.2. A根据第二段第一句（For me, deciding）可知，作者在决定怎样吃和吃什么的时候是有原则性
48、的，所以选A。3. A根据第二段第二句（The type of food）以及第三段可知，我们吃的食物种类虽然不会像对我们的健康和经济那样对环境有直接影响，但是对环境也是有影响的，而且这种影响也是不能忽视的，所以选A。4. C根据第三段第一句（As a study shows）可知，如果我们改变了养殖动物的方式和规模，我们的环境也会相应改善，所以选C。Passage 21.A根据第一段第二句（Rather than leaving the office）可知，大部分美国办公室员工通常在办公桌前吃午饭，所以选A。2.D根据第二段第一句（In a weakened economy）可知，经济的不景气使美国员工感觉更有必要证明自己的价值，所以选D。3.C根据第四段最后一句话（Nonetheless, even workers）可知，即使在这22个州，许多工人们还是忽略了这条法律，他们未必比其它州的工人中午休息得好，所以选C。4.B本题问的是在办公桌前吃午饭的弊端，根据最后一段第二句话（Unfortunately, using the desk）可知，在办公桌前吃午饭对员工的健康有一定危害，所以选B。Passage 31. B根据第一段第一句话可知