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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上这是完型的原文自己找空吧 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state . Without it, it would be impossible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food supplies and our water, and who do all the other thin
2、gs that we cannot do for ourselves; nor also the persons who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. Though everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about h
3、ow taxation should be arrange d. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be a tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind
4、of tax is used, should everything be taxed equally? In most countries, a direct tax on persons, called an income tax , is used. It is arrange d in such a way that the poor people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer s income grows. Countries with direct taxation nearl
5、y always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country are taxed . Of course, it is the people who buy these imported things who really have to pay the duties , in the form of higher prices. In some countries, there is also a tax on things produced in the country itself. If the m
6、ost necessary things are taxed , a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer the most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed , less money is collected, but the tax is fair er because the rich pay it. Probably this kind of indirect taxation, together with a direct tax
7、on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement .单选复制的某老师微博66. _ to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A. Adhering B. Adopting C. Adjusting D. Acquainting解析：这题没啥好说的，适应学校生活 adjust to school life，选C。67. He is fed up with the same olddrearyrou
8、tine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part meansA. dull B. tiring C. long D. hard解析： dreary指dull，选A。boring也是近义词。68. At last nights party Larry said something that I thoughwas beyond me. The underlined part meansA. I was unable to do B. I couldnt understandC. I was unable to stop D. I could
9、nt tolerate解析：be beyond somebody指to be too difficult for someone to understand.故选B。69. The couple _ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did for B. did in C. did with D. did up解析：选D。do up这里指to repair an old building or car, or to improve its appearance。此外do up还可以指fasten something，比如Do yo
10、ur laces up before you trip over.70. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the _ for herself.A. credit B. attention C. focus D. award解析：选A。这里的credit指approval or praise that you give to someone for something they have done.常见搭配有give credit; take/claim/deserve credit。
11、71. The child nodded,apparentlycontent with his mothers promise. The underlined part meansA. as far as one has learnt B. as far as one is concernedC. as far as one can see D. as far as one is told解析：首先ABCD的释义都是指apparently的意思，具体语境有具体不同的释义，在我们这个句子里，指according to the way someone looks or a situation ap
12、pears, although you cannot be sure. 因此选C。换一个句子比如I wasnt there, but apparently the thief got away.这里的apparently就指A或D。72. The _ that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A. issue B. argument C. point D. sentence解析：选B。这里的argument指a set of reasons that show something is true or unt
13、rue, right or wrong。相当于汉语说的主张论点。很多人选C，point的确有这个意思，也可以接同位语从句，搭配上习惯是说take the/sbs point.不过，我询问过外教，他是觉得argument更好，只是point也没什么不对。73. Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takesinfinitecare over her work. The underlined part meansA. limited B. unnecessary C. overdue D. much解析：infinite是finite的反义词，这里指
14、very great/huge in amount or degree，因此选D。74. The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injuryin the event of an accident. The underlined part meansA. if an accident happens B. if an accident can be preventedC. before an accident D. during an accident解析： 选A。in the event of somethingis used to
15、 tell people what they should do if something happens.75. Traditionally, local midwives would _ all the babies in the area.A. handle B. produce C. deliver D. help解析：midwife是指产婆，接生员。所以选C，deliver可以指接生(孩子)，或者生孩子。76. No food or drink is allowed on thepremises. The underlined part meansA. proposition B.
16、advertisement C. building D. street解析：选C。以复数形式出现的premises指the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses.77. The court would not accept his appeal unless _ evidence is providedA. conclusive B. definite C. eventual D. concluding解析：选A。首先appeal是指上诉。Conclusive指showing something is defi
17、nitely true，比如conclusive proof/evidence/findings。旁证是circumstantial evidence.78. As soon as he opened the door, a _ of cold air swept through the houseA. flow B. movement C. rush D. blast解析：个人认为选D。又见量化问题，一阵/股冷风袭来该如何用英语说。首先句子里动词用了sweep，指to move suddenly and/or with force over an area or in a particula
18、r direction.而blast指a sudden strong movement of air。但问题在于C。词典里rush其实可以指a sudden fast movement of air, 外教的回答是blast is better here and is what native speakers would prefer. 而Flow往往接的是水流电流等，而且指a smooth and steady movement.79. She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually _ from it.A.
19、 prevented B. refrained C. limited D. restricted解析：refrain from sth/doing sth指to not do something you want to do，主要用于书面语。80. The couple told the decorator that they wanted their bedroomgailypainted. The underlined part meansA. brightly B. light-heartedly C. cheerfully D. lightly解析：先聊聊gaily这个单词的来源吧。这
20、个单词虽然是ly结尾却是形容词，是有gay+ly变来的。而gay在很早的时候是指人happy, merry, cheerful，或者颜色bright, attractive，这个用法现代英语已经抛弃，请大家不要乱用。所谓gaily painted/colored/decorated指having bright cheerful colors.所以选A。51. Facing the board of directors,he didnt deny _ breaking the agreement.A. him B. it C. his D. its解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己
21、的逻辑（意义）主语，一般可以用名词所有格Toms，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。本题选C，但我还是要吐槽，因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his, he didnt deny breaking the agreement完全正确，比原题要精简地道许多，从写作角度来看，his根本是多余的，当然纯粹考察语法的话选C。52. Xinchun returned from abroada different man. The italicized part functions as a(n) _.A. appositive(同位语) B. object C. adv
22、erbial D. complement.解析：此题恐怕是最受争议的题目了，有人认为选A，有人认为选D。根据English Grammar: A University Course一书，“The Subject Complement (主语补足语) is the obligatory constituent which follows a copular verb(系动词) and which cannot be made subject in a passive clause: 比如Whos there? Its me/Its I. She became a tennis champion
23、at a very early age. Feel free to ask questions!” 一般语法书也是这么说的，有的书上把这种情况下接的名词叫做predicate noun/nominative,接的形容词叫做predicate adjective。该书接着说“As well as be and seem, a wide range of verbs can be used to link the subject to its Complement; these add meanings of transition (become, get, go, grow, turn) and
24、 of perception (sound, smell, look) among others,” 比如I know it sounds stupid. The situation becomes even worse. 这些一般语法书也会提到，但是题目里的都不是这种现象，很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。好在这本书多介绍了一点，但情况很微妙。此书又说 Moreproblematicis the constituent following other verbs that could be used intransitively with the same meaning, as in
25、:Saint Etheldreda was borna Saxon princess. (she was born)He returneda broken man. (he returned)He diedyoung. (he died)Weshallconsider such constituents as Complementson the strength ofthepossibleparaphrase containing be (When he returned he was a broken man; When he died he was young).(红色强调是我自己加上去的
26、)这部分恰好就是本题所代表的类型，但是从该书作者表述来看，他们也承认这样的句子很不一般，不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语，在本书里，作者认为可以看作是主语补语，因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子，但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定，有待商榷的意思。据此，本题可以选D，是主语补足语。53. Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)？A. Nonsmoker B. Deadline C.Meaness D. Misfit解析：首先要知道什么是复合词。A compound is aword that consists of more than one
27、 free morpheme。所谓morpheme词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。而free morpheme是指能独立存在使用的词素，bound morpheme则是必须依附于其他单位的词素，比如前缀后缀属于bound morpheme，如pre-，-ment，在单词shipment里，ship就是free morpheme，ment则是bound。因此四个选项里只有deadline是由两个free morpheme构成（dead+line），其他三个都有Bound morpheme比如non,ness,mis-等。54. Which of the fo
28、llowing sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.解析
29、: subjunctive mood是指虚拟语气，四个选项里只有A的insist属于虚拟语气用法，其中that从句里省略了should。55. The following determiners(限定词) can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPTA. more B. enough C.many D. such解析：限定词的用法是近几年专四的热门考点，诸如some，many，both，all，each等用法究竟如何还是希望大家多翻阅语法书和词典。这道题看似有点难度，也许你从来不知道哪个限定词可以接名词复数和不可数名词，但好
30、在备选项里每个单词你都可以去接名词试试就知道了，比如more money,more trees; enough money, enough trees; many money?, many trees; such big trees, such behavior.所以选C。56. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?A. She opended the doorandquietly went in.B. Victoria likes musicandSam is fond of sports.C. Think it over aga
31、inandyoull get an answer.D. He is somewhat arrogant,andI dont like this.解析：首先要明白and不一定表示并列。A，C里的and表示先后；D里的and表示递进；只有B里的and表示对比。57. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)？A. Much B. Neither C. One D. Quarter解析：估计不少学生看到名词替代词这个术语，一开始都吓着了，因为压根没听说过，不过对做这道题目倒无大碍，所谓名词替代词顾名思义就
32、是指能代替名词或名词短语，避免重复的词，英语里one, ones,(the)same等都是常见的。比如There are good films as well as bad ones.除此以外还有the kind, the sort，比如Slang disappears quickly, especially the juvenile sort.还有一些不定代词等比如all, both, some, any enough, several, none, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, the other, others, another, either, ne
33、ither等，比如Can you get me some nails? I need some. I dont want any more food. Ive had enough. 本题选D, quarter不是名词替代词。58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B. The President is coming to the UN next week,C. The school pupils
34、will be home by now.D. He is going to email me the necessary information.解析：这道题目有点意思，既考查时态，又考查will的用法，A/B/D都是将来时的各种表达，唯独C的will，看似是将来时标志，其实不然，因为和by now矛盾，这里will的用法是指you think something is true，表说话人自己的看法，比如That will be Tim coming home now; Ask anyone and they will tell you the same thing. 本题选C。59. Whi
35、ch of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.解析：本题考查主谓一致（agreement/concord）。ten miles看作整体单数，mumps腮腺炎这个单词就是以s结尾的，不
36、可数名词；furniture在英语里是不可数名词；A里的politics并不是指政治，而是指政治学(political science)，是不可数名词，但这个用法主要是英式英语。此外，politics表示政治可以看作不可数名词，也可以看作复数，比如Politics have always interested me. 本题选A。60. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?A. The arrival of the touristsB. The law of NewtonC.Th
37、e occupation of the islandD. The plays of Oscar Wilde解析：章振邦的书拿到手后果然发现了他的讲解，基本就是原句。第五版的55页，名词属格和of-词组一节说：名词属格和of-词组在意义和用法上有许多相同之处，比如the trunk of an elephant=an elephants trunk，表示主谓关系有the arrival of the prime minister;表示动宾关系 the occupation of the Island;表来源 the law of Newton。因此据此本题选A。但我要吐槽的是先不说我手上其他参考
38、书根本没有讲到，就这种主谓关系，动宾关系的说法我就不太同意，因为所谓词组的主谓关系和动宾关系是汉语语法里的说法，英语里说主谓自然指的是句子，一个名词短语何来主谓之说？61. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?A. He is not the manto draw back.B. Tony hit back the urgeto tell a lie.C. Larry has a large familyto support.D. There is really nothingto fear.解析：又是
39、同位语？！四个选项的用法在大部分语法书里并没有做进一步区分，都成为不定式的定语用法，修饰名词。不过章振邦的书里又出现了这个，又是原句作为选项出现，章指出不定式作为名词的后置修饰语时，不定式和名词之间的搭配关系是主谓A中的the man draw back，也可以是C和D的动宾to fear nothing, to support family；有时候也是同位关系,比如urge(冲动)的内容就是指to tell a lie撒谎，故为同位语。我不得不吐槽，章很喜欢分析任何语法单位的结构，他在教师用书的第一部分也说本书语法体系是要贯彻层次分析法。62. Which of the following
40、is NOT an imperative sentence?A. Let me drive you home, shall I?B. You will mind your own business.C. Come and have dinner with us.D. I wish you could stay behind.解析：花了点时间翻遍手头各类语法和用法图书，除了直接用动词打头，Do/Dont，You/其他唤名+动词, let类型外，均没有见到D的wish类型。说明：似乎只有章振邦的书上在情态动词will一节提到B的属于加强祈使句。我个人对此表示质疑。更常见的应该是You mind y
41、our own business。如果说You will mind your own business是祈使句，那么You will see him now岂不是也是祈使句？这显然说不通。其实You will mind your own business要有祈使句功能，还跟语气语调有很大关系，应该念成You WILL mind your own business! 而不是YOU will mind your own business. 出题人不严谨，死扣语法书，可见一斑。63. If it _ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. were to ra
42、in B. was to rain C. was raining D. had rained解析：最经典的If条件虚拟句，说的是将来，应该选A.64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.C. Its getting late, and I must leave now.D. He must be working late at the office.解析：目前来看又
43、要有争议。很多人认为是B，而我之前说C，尽管C里的must是表示主观必须（C只有前半句是fact，后半句谈不上什么事实）。问题在于如何理解B的must。在Egnlish Grammar:A University Course一书里有一节谈到must的logical necessity用法问题，作者说在英式英语里有用must表示逻辑上的必定如此，尽管美国人更喜欢用have to。比如 If Jane is Pats sister and Jill is Janes daughter, Pat must be Jills aunt.此时Pat must be Jills aunt就相当于不用情态动
44、词的陈述句Pat is Jills aunt.如此极端的例子才能说明这是逻辑上的必然，但我实在看不出选项B里一个没有语境的句子是如何有逻辑上的必然，我个人觉得Careless reading must give poor results.和Careless reading gives poor results.还是不一样的。B句是章振邦那本书里的原句，章自己也说“用must表示必然，也是一种推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句”由此来看，再如何肯定那也是一种推断，不是fact。65. The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词) EXCEPTA. remain B. turn C. write D. knock解析：看到专四考这个题目，我只能呵呵。动态动词是指能够延续持续动作的，比如hit，run等，相反的则是stative verb静态动词，比如know.现在进行时是常见检验手段。你不能说I am knowing the answer，只能说I know the answer，因此know是静态动词。同理，题目的A选项remain也是静态动词，其他都是动态动词。专心-专注-专业