雅思资料整理阅读同义词替换(共39页).doc

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2、igid=stiff=unchanged=invariable交换,转换:exchange=swap=alter=shiftfrom3.致命的:deadly= fatal= lethal= mortal兴旺,繁荣:prosperous= thriving= booming= flourishing环境:circumstance= surroundings= environment= background隔绝,孤立:isolate= alienate= insulate替代物:substitution= alternative创新的:inventive= creative= ingenious=

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4、in efficiently= increase productivity贫穷的,落后的:in poverty= impoverished与.有关连:associate with= link to= relate to= combine with加强:improve= enhance= promote= boost= strengthen中立的:neutral否定的,消极的:negative积极的,肯定的:positive6.缺点,缺陷:drawback= fault= defect= imperfection= flaw= shortcoming= weakness令人困惑的:bewilde

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6、= tackle the problem强调,重视:emphasize= stress= highlight= focus on= concentrate on= pay attention to显而易见地:apparently= patently= obviously= evidently= clearly8.岩浆:molten rock= lava= magma恶化:degenerate= degrade= deteriorate下定决心:make up ones mind= be determined to do证明:indicate= demonstrate= display= exh

7、ibit= illustrate考虑到:in terms of= concerning= considering= with regard to下降的趋势:reduced= declined= downward trend9. 学院的,学术的:academic= scholastic= scholarly= literary 陪伴,陪同:accompany= escort= convoy= go with= follow适应,适合:adapt= adjust= fit= suit影响:affect= influence= impress= move= touch代理人:agent= repre

8、sentative= deputy 10. 改变,改动:alter= change= modify= convert= shift预期,期望:anticipate= expect= foresee= forecast= predict适当的,恰当的:appropriate= proper= fit= suitable= relevant出现,升起:arise= rise= ascend= emerge= appear安排,整理,布置:arrange= prepare= plan= organize= array= order11. 人造的,人工的:artificial= man-made= f

9、ake= synthetic= unreal估计,评定:assess= estimate= evaluate= weigh分配,指派:assign= appoint= distribute= allot= allocate帮助,促进:assist= help= aid使发生联系:associate= ally= unite= combine= join= connect12. 权利,权威:authority= government= power= might可用的,可得到的:available= profitable= serviceable= useful奖品,授予:award= prize

10、= grant= bestow= confer树枝,分支,分科:branch= limb= stick= section= department= division品种:breed= kind= type= species招致,引起:breed= bear= produce= cause= lead to生育,繁殖,饲养,培养:breed= raise= rear= educate= instruct13. 预算:budget= estimate= governmental恐吓:bully= browbeat= hector= overbear爆炸:burst= explode= blow u

11、p= break= crack运动,战役:campaign= drive= movement容量,体积:capacity= volume= magnitude才能,能力:capacity= power= ability= talent= aptitude= competence投,掷,扔:cast= fling= throw= hurl铸件:cast= mould= form14. 偶然的,碰巧的,临时的:casual= occasional= accidental= incident= random= temporary仁慈:charity= kindness= benevolence= h

12、umanity慢性的,长期的:chronic= persistent环境,条件:circumstance= conditions= surroundings= environment= situation同事:colleague= partner= associate= fellow组成,部件:component= element= constituent= ingredient 15. 复合物,化合物:compound= mixture= combination= synthesis核心,要点:core= key= center= heart= focus= kernel不管,尽管:desp

13、ite= in spite of轻蔑,鄙视:despite= hatred= dislike= scorn纪律:discipline= rule= regulation= drill= punishment消灭,除去:eliminate= remove= exclude= wipe out= discharge危及,使陷入危险:endanger= harm= menace= hurt提高,加强:enhance= intensify= strengthen= heighten16. 事业,公司:enterprise= adventure= venture= ambition= company=

14、firm= business终于,最后:eventually= at last= finally= ultimately= in the end超过,超越:exceed= surpass= excel= overtake使变大,扩大,扩张:expand= enlarge= extend= amplify= increase= stretch= spread= unfold暴露,显露,揭露:expose= disclose= confront= reveal= uncover延长,延伸,扩展:extend= stretch= lengthen= prolong外面的,外部的,表面的:extern

15、al= exterior= outer= outside17. 最新:能力,才能:faculty= ability= aptitude= capability= talent搜查,查找:forage= grope= search= rummage易碎的,脆的:fragile= crisp= brittle= delicate= weak= breakable货物,货运:freight= cargo= load= shipment基本的,重要的:fundamental= primary= basic= essential= principal= original产生,引起,导致:generate

16、= produce= lead to= result in巨大的:giant= huge= enormous= tremendous= colossal= gigantic18. 准许,答应给予:grant= present= give= allow总的:gross= total= whole= entire= all保证:guarantee= promise= assurance= ensure= assure不顾,忽视:ignore= overlook= neglect= disregard强迫,强加:impose= force= burden刺激,激励:incentive= motive

17、= spur= stimulus19. 建立,着手:institute= establish= set up= found= organize协会,学院:institute= association= society= college发动,发射:launch= emit= send= initiate= develop保持,继续:maintain= continue= keep= preserve= retain支持,主张:maintain= assert= insist= support(总称)人员,员工:personnel= staff= crew= employees假定,前提:prem

18、ise= assumption= supposition20. 被捕食的动物:prey= victim财产,资产:property= belongings= possession= asset性质,特性:property= feature= quality表现,描绘,代表,象征:represent= stand for= illustrate= portray= describe竞争对手:rival= enemy= competitor= opponent= challenger路途,路线:route= way= road= path= course国王的,庄严的,高贵的:royal= imp

19、erial= princely= kingly= stately= splendid21. 计划表,日程表:schedule= timetable= agenda= plan将(飞机,火车等)列入时刻表:schedule= book= arrange= program计划,方案:scheme= plan= design= program= project研讨班,研讨小组:seminar= meeting= discussion= conference= convention物种,种类:species= breed= category= variety= sort= kind= type标本,样

20、本:specimen= sample(植物的)茎,(树木的)干:stem= stalk= trunk堵住(液体),止住:stem= stop= restrain22. 增补,补充:supplement= addition= complement天赋,才能:talent= ability= faculty= gift= genius= aptitude暂时的,临时的:temporal= transient= short= brief= momentary= temporary极好的,极大的:tremendous= immense= huge= enormous= vast= excellent=

21、 wonderful= splendid加快,加速,促进:accelerate= quicken= expedite= promote= stimulate达成(目标),完成:accomplish= finish= complete= attain= fulfill(使)弯曲,拐弯处:bend= bow= curve= twist卓越的,光辉灿烂的:brilliant= splendid= outstanding= excellent= prominent= glorious= bright= shining= radiant23. 秘密的,机密的:confidential= secret=

22、private表示信任的:confidential= trustful= intimate争执,冲突:conflict= struggle= clash= discord剥夺,使丧失:deprive= bereave= rob= strip= dispossess捐赠,馈赠:donate= bestow= present= contribute= gift草稿,草案:draft= sketch= drawing= outline欠缺,缺点:drawback= shortcoming= defect24. 功绩,技艺:feat= achievement小说:fiction= novel= sto

23、ry=tale促进,助长,培养:foster= promote= advance= stimulate= cultivate养育,照顾:foster= nourish= raise= bring up= nurse不合法的,非法的:illegal= unlawful= lawless= illicit说明,阐明:illustration= explanation= interpretation例证,插图:illustration= example= case= chart= map= diagram= graph25. 内部的,内地的:interior= inner= inside= inla

24、nd= internal= domestic标准,规范:norm= criterion= standard= code= specification许可,准许,允许,同意:permission= admission= certification= authorization= agree磨光,擦亮:polish= brighten= refine继续前进,继续进行:proceed= continue= advance延长(时间),使延伸:prolong= lengthen= extend26. 薪水,收入:salary= wage= pay= earnings= income屏幕,屏风:scr

25、een= cover部门:sector= region= department安全的,受保护的:secure= safe= sound连续,顺序:sequence= series= succession= procession浅的,肤浅的:shallow= superficial使粉碎:shatter= crash= smash= mince草图,速写:sketch= drawing= draft= outline27. 高涨,猛涨:soar= mount= rise= increase= skyrocket复杂的,精密的:sophisticated= complex= complicated

26、= worldly节省,抽出时间:spare= save= set aside= put apart多余的,空闲的:spare= extra= surplus= additional拉力,张力,拉紧,绷紧:strain= tension= stretch用线串起来:string= chain= rope= queue屈从:submit= comply= surrender= yield后来的:subsequent= later= successive= succeeding最新:28. 领土,版图,范围:territory= area= land= scope= field= range= d

27、imension擦去:wipe= rub= clean= wash= dry消灭:wipe= eradicate小册子,介绍手册:brochure= booklet= pamphlet= leaflet雕刻:carve= engrave= grave引用,引证:cite= quote= instance宣言,声明:declaration= announcement= publication= proclamation= statement= affirmation装饰,装潢:decorate= adorn= beautify= ornament= trim29.指出,指明:designate=

28、 show= denominate= indicate= specify目标,终点:destination= goal= objective= aim= target丢弃,遗弃:discard= reject= abandon= desert= give up= get rid of不同的,独特的:distinct= different= dissimilar清楚的,明显的:distinct= definite= obvious= evident= apparent30.遭遇,遇到,遇见:encounter= meet= confront= run into远征,探险,考察:expeditio

29、n= excursion= march= voyage奇怪的,怪诞的:fantastic= strange= odd= grotesque疲劳,劳累:fatigue= weariness= tiredness= weary= tire= exhaust结冰,凝固,冰冻:freeze= chill= congeal= halt31.小屋:hut= cottage= cabin概念,观念,想法:notion= concept= idea= opinion操作的,运行的:operational= functioning相反,相对,反对:opposition= objection= disapprov

30、al花费,开支,费用:outlay= expense包裹:package= parcel= luggage= bag32.有生产能力的,多产的:productive= fertile= fruitful= plentiful前途,希望:prospect= expectation= foresight漫步,漫游,随便走:roam= wander= stroll航行:sail= cruise= journey= navigate纯粹的:sheer= pure= entire陡峭的,险峻的:sheer= steep寂静的,无声的:silent= soundless= still= placid= t

31、ranquil足球:soccer= football33.指明,表明:specify= articulate= clarify裂开,分开:split= bisect= cleave= crack= hack= separate喷雾,水花:spray= shower= splash使挨饿:starve= hunger= famish= thirst猛冲,激增:surge= wave= billow= gush支撑,维持:sustain= bear= maintain= support对付,处理:tackle= undertake= deal with= cope with= handle34.轻

32、拍:tap= knock= pat= touch= strike含蓄的,潜在的:underlying= implicit= latent= implied (imply)附近,邻近:vicinity= neighborhood= nearness(near+ness)滥用:abuse= misuse= misemploy= misapply辱骂,咒骂:abuse= slander= defame= insult虐待:abuse= mistreat承认:admit= allow= acknowledge= concede提倡,拥护:advocate= support= propose= upho

33、ld= plead for35.侵犯,侵略:aggression= attack= invasion= assault= offence疾病:ailment= disease= illness闹钟,警报:alarm= terror= fright= intimidation使惊恐,使担心:alarm= terrify= frighten= intimidate= scare= startle充分的,充裕的:ample= enough= plentiful= abundant宽阔的,广大的:ample= spacious= extensive36.焦虑,担心:anxiety= worry= co

34、ncern= care渴望,热望:anxiety= desire= eagerness= longing禁止,禁令,取缔:ban= prohibit= forbid= bar增强,提高,促进,激励:boost= promotion= increase= raise= advance刹车,制动:brake= check= halt= stop谨慎的,小心的:cautious= careful= wary= discreet= prudent混乱:chaos= disorder= confusion= anarchy37追逐,追赶:chase= track= follow= trail= purs

35、ue包括,包含:comprise= include= enclose= embrace由.组成,构成:comprise= be composed of= be made up of= consist of= make up= form= compose习俗,惯例:convention= custom= tradition= practice公约,契约:convention= agreement= contract= pact= treaty会议:convention= meeting= conference= congress38潮湿的:damp= humid= moist= watery=

36、wet分离:divorce= divide= part= separate操练,训练:drill= discipline= exercise= instruct= practice使成为必要,需要:entail= necessitate装备,配备:equip= furnish= provide= supply外来的,奇异的:exotic= strange= alien= foreign= unusual39经费,支出:expenditure= expense= cost= consumption虚弱的,衰弱的:faint= weak= infirm微弱的,不明显的,微少的,渺茫的:faint=

37、 dim= feeble= minute繁荣,活跃而有影响力:flourish= thrive= prosper= succeed= bloom欺骗,假货:fraud=deceit= cheat= trick= deception光荣,荣誉:glory= honor= fame= reputation= distinction40各种各样的:a vast array of= a great variety of= a great range of阻止.:impede= keep.from.= prevent.from= stop.from.= inhibit导致:result in= lead

38、 to= cause= bring about= induce包括:include= embrace= cover= involve= constitute= consist of限制:constrain= restrict= limit= confine41.减少,消除:reduce= decline= cut= lessen= diminish= eliminate预期:predict= expect= anticipate归结为.:conclude= make/ reach a conclusion= put down to= prove that= attribute to= turn

39、 out to有毒的:poisonous= toxic表现:manifestation= performance= demonstration追溯到,起源于:stem from= derive from= date from= trace back to42天资:gift= talent= aptitude= natural gift= genius适应:adapt to= adjust to= acclimatize oneself to= answer to= accommodate= be settled in= meet the needs= in response to优点,长处:a

40、dvantage= merit= virtue= length= excellence放弃,抛弃:throw away= scrap= discard= cast aside= desert= abandon= give up= be dispensed with43灾难:catastrophe= disaster= adversity沉积物:sediment= deposit弄脏,污染:contaminate= pollute解释,解码:decipher= decode开始:begin= launch= initiate( initiative)与.比较:compare with= in c

41、omparison with权利机关:government official= authorities意识:sensibility= sense= awareness= consciousness不期而遇:run into= bump into= come across= knock up with满足需要:cater to=satisfy= meet the need44超过:in excess of= in advance of= overrun= override= outstrip get ahead of= surpass= exceed合作:cooperation= collabo

42、ration授权,委托:authorize= commission= entitle理解力:notion= reach perception= comprehension= intelligence= understanding犯罪:commit a crime= perpetrate a crime= offend against罪犯:criminal= offense=commitment交易,贸易:trade= business= commerce= transaction= dealing当前的:current= contemporary= nowadays= present45毁坏:

43、demolish= knock down= dismantle= ruin消除:get rid of= eradicate= eliminate= remove= smooth away依赖:rely on= depend on= count on给予:give= offer= render= impart= provide培养,发展:develop= cultivate= foster= nurture= foster= nurse= educate= train关键的:key= crucial= critical= vital= substantial保护(资源):protect= con

44、serve= preserve转变:change= alter= modify= convert into= transform= turn声称:assert= declare= claim46评价:appraise= assess= evaluate确保:assure= endure= guarantee= pledge丰富的:abundant= ample= profuse有害的:evil= harmful= detrimental有益的:useful= helpful= beneficial= profitable= rewarding= advantageous= wholesome影

45、响:influence= impact= effect增长至:grow to= rise to= increase to= go up to= climb to= ascend to= jump to= shoot to降低至:dip to= fall to= decline to= decrease to= drop to= go down to= reduce to= slump to= descend to= sink to= slide to47保持稳定:level out= do not change= remain stable= remain still= remain stea

46、dy= be stable= maintain the same level= remain unchanged= be still= remain the same level= stay constant= keep at the same level= level off= stabilize= keep its stability= even out急剧地:dramatically= drastically= sharply= hugely= enormously= steeply= substantially= considerably= significantly= markedl

47、y= surprisingly= strikingly= radically= remarkably= vastly= noticeably48平稳地:steadily= smoothly= slightly= slowly= marginally= gradually= moderately= mildly占.百分比:account for= occupy= represent= comprise= take up= constitute= consist of= make up= compose波动:fluctuate= go ups and downs= display/ demonstrate a fluctuation49危险:hazard= danger= harm= risk巨大的,广大的:immense= vast= enormous= g

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