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1、专项复习之动词动词-三单形式1、动词第三人称单数 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es 动词第三人称单数变化有三种形式: 1)一般动词在词尾直接加s,s在清辅音之后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/,ts读/ts/。如:help-helps/helps/,get-gets/gets/,read-reads/ri:dz/ 2) 以字母x、s、ch、sh或有以o结尾的词加es,es读/iz/。如:teach-teaches/ti: t iz/, wash-washes/wiz/ 动词-三单形式 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾
2、的动词,变y为i加es,ies读/iz/。如:carry-carries/kriz/,fly-flies/flaiz/ 注:在play-plays/pleiz/,say-says/sez/中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数直接在y后加s即可 4)以不发音e结尾的,直接加s,如果尾音是/s/z/的,加s后字母“e”与“s”一起读作/iz/ 5)特殊词例外。如:be-is/iz/,have-has/hz/动词-现在分词ing形式 2、动词现在分词形式 1)一般情况在动词原形后直接加ing。如:go-going,stand-standing 2)以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing。如:danc
3、e-dancing,ride-riding 3)以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。如:swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting 4) 少数几个以ie结尾的,须将ie变为y再加ing。如:die-dying,lie-lying 动词-过去式3、动词过去式 1)动词过去式的变化规则 (1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed ,如:worked played wanted acted (2)以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged (3)以
4、辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加ed,如: studied tried copied cried carried 动词-过去式(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ed,如:stopped begged dropped planned (5)注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw ,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,
5、 think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweepswept,singsang,drawdrew 动词-过去式不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:pu
6、tput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank 动词-过去式规则动词词尾加ed的读音 (1)在清辅音后读作t。如:asked, helped, watched, stopped (2)在浊辅音和元音后读作d如:enjoyed, studied, moved,(3) 在t / d后读作id。如:wanted, needed