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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2017年考研英语一真题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to peo
2、ple you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the ef
3、fects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging
4、10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a pr
5、ofessor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment i
6、n relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite
7、2.Aequal BrestrictedCconnectedDinferior3.Aview BhostClessonDchoice4.Aavoid BforgetCrecallDkeep5.AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving6.AonBinCatDof7.AdevotedBattractedClostDexposed8.AalongBacrossCdownDout9.AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated10.AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired11.AThusBStillCRath
8、erDEven12.AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests13.AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledDminimized14.ApresentedBequippedCassociatedDcompared15.AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord16.AinthenameofBintheformofCinthefaceofDinthewayof17.AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn18.AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil19.AremainsBemergesC
9、vanishesDdecreases20.AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is
10、 how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight
11、804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and priv
12、ate lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined wi
13、th a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government
14、did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-bagga
15、ge fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check ar
16、e eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 ever
17、y five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congressshould look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other wa
18、ys.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_.A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B
19、 stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of th
20、e TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_.A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_.A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed imple
21、mentation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the besttitle for the text?A Less Screening for More Safety.B PreCheck a Belated Solution.C Getting Stuck in Security Lines.D Underused PreCheck Lanes.Text 2 “The ancient Hawa
22、iians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a gia
23、nt observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful t
24、elescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists hav
25、e long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of unders
26、tanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going b
27、ack to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality th
28、at astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromi
29、ses to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to
30、 a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_.A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Ha
31、waiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_.A its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructu
32、re.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_. A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that pr
33、ogress in todays astronomy_.A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_. A seve
34、re criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely
35、 moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the W
36、estern world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert g
37、rowth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from
38、health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global cr
39、ash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is
40、 a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no
41、 longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our
42、 well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_.Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisi
43、nterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_. Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less
44、attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_. Athe UK is preparing for an eco
45、nomic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the bestfor the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.BGDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.C R
46、obert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.DBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-being.Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which inclu
47、ded accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear in