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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上仁爱八年级英语(上册)知识总结及考题Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2cheer sbon为加油，鼓劲 3win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作
2、宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手) 4prefer宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5jointake part in (1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织
3、等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起(做某事) (3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动 Section B 1play for a team为某队效力be inon the team在某队打球 2dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。egmy dream job也可作动词dream ofabout sth.doing sth 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在比赛中”用i
4、n in the racein the basketball game 6give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。give it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾!Section C 1spendcostpaytake (1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等主语是某物或某事,其结构是sthcosts sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用cost作同义句转换。 (4)take一般指花费时间，其
5、主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。 2do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼 3There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。 4the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句egI am sure that he is right(2)sbbe sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth
6、“确信”，表示主语对有把握。6make的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对有害”。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持健康 Section D 1play against跟进行比赛 play withplay againstplay for play with与玩耍。play against同比赛。 play for为效力。2leavefor离
7、开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday)等。 (2)结构为be going to do sth或will do sth。There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go,
8、come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例19】(10年河北中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是wouldcouldwill you(p
9、lease)not do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。 3mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sbsthdoing sth (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用Of course
10、not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry about that (4)作名词，“思想”。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事 Section B 1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless形容词，反义词是
11、careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully 3chance机会have a chance to do sth有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth? 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫， 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气”，如：【链接】(1)
12、be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气， 8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候， 10befeel sorry forto do为而抱歉(难过)11keep的用法(1) keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事 (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) keep fit
13、healthy (7)保存，保留How long can I keep the book? 12turn down调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上注意代词都要放在中间。 13in a minuteright awayat once立刻，马上 14对sorry的回答可以是Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at allSection C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做某事2excitingexcited exciting指使人感到兴奋的事 excited是指人对感到兴奋 3as we
14、lltooalsoeithersoneither(1)tooas well表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。 Tom is a student；Jack is a student，tooas well (2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为either。 (4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。 Kate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas well(so did Tom) (5)n
15、either表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。 Kate didnt go shopping yesterday；Tom didnt go shopping，either(Neither did Tom) 4so that引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。egother students others(1)别人egYou must be polite to others(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一
16、个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语someothers中。There are many students in the classroom，some are reading，some are writing，others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen(2)别的，不同的。I dont like this shirtPlease show me another one(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在原来
17、的基础上再加一些。 onethe other两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago” two days ago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。They will be here before 7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。We will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。We often play football after 5：00 in
18、 the afternoon“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。He came back after four days2instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是 3build sbup使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐 (3) Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 Topic 3 Wh
19、ich sport will you take part in?Section A 1the sports meetmeeting运动会the boys 800一meter race男子800米赛跑the long jump跳远the high jump跳高the relay race接力赛跑 3make friends with sb与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。 4be ready for sth为某事而准备。 5maybemay be maybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。Maybe he is at the bus station nowmay be是情态动词
20、may后接动词原形be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Is that(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，whos that?Speaking 问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说This is(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello，may I speak to sb?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。 2Lets make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。make it(1)指约定时间Lets make it at 6：30 Section C 1holdhave a sports
21、meet举行运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sthdoing sth擅长(做)某事 do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例10】His father is good at making model planes(同义句改写) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports做运动。其中exercise
22、是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。egdo morning exercises做早操 【例12】(12年陕西中考) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exercises 5be able to和can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was abl
23、e to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到2010年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。 The boy cant be Mike，he left for Paris yesterday.那个男孩不可能是Mike.他昨天去巴黎了。 【例13】Jacks father_ _ _(能)swim when he was five years old 7more“更
24、多”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。 【例15】(12年黄冈中考) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy，produce_ carbon Amore；more Bless；more Cless；less Dmore；lessSection D 1stand for代表 Red stands for good luck in China 【例16】(11年龙岩中考)The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashion
25、 culture 2at least=as little as至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。单项选择 1(12年杭州中考) Would you like to have _ chicken? No，thanksIts delicious，but Ive had enoughAsome other Bsome more Canother some 2(12年长沙中考)I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them Acatch up with Bagree with Cge
26、t on badly with Dmake friends with 4(12年十堰中考) Where is Jeff? Im not sureHe _playing football on the playground Amaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 8(13年新疆中考) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes，We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting；excited Bexciting；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；exc
27、iting 9(12年广州中考)Have you _ your new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with15(12年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest，“_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore；less BFew；much CFewer；moreUnit 2 Keeping Healthy【考点解析】Topic 1 Youd better go to see a doctor Se
28、ction A 1whats wrong with sbsth=whats the matter with sbsth2have a cold患感冒，have后可跟表示疾病的词语。用来表示“患疾病”。 【例1】 You look so pale on your face，do you_ _ _(患感冒)? 3shouldshouldnt情态动词“应该不应该” Should I do sth?Yes，you shouldNo，you shouldntNo，you neednt 【例2】(10年江西中考) How was the youth club last night，Mark? It was
29、 great funYou_ come Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay 以下是我们所学过的情态动词： (1)can能会，cant不能不允许，过去式could，couldnt。egCan I do sth?Yes，you canNo，you cant(2)need“需要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化，多用于疑问句或否定句中。egNeed I do sth?Yes，you musthave toNo，you needntdont have to(3)must必须，mustnt表示“禁止”。egMust I do sth?Yes，you mustNo，you needntdon
30、t have to(4)may“可以能够”，无否定形式。May I do sth?Yes，you maycanNo，you cant 【例3】(10年福州中考) Dad，must I do my homework now? NoYou_ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneednt Cmay 4take a(good)resthave a(good)rest(好好)休息 【例4】After a whole days work，we want to_ _ _(休息一下) 5英语中表示疾病的名词或词组大多可以采取“身体
31、部位名词+ache”或“sore+身体部位名词”来表达。egheadheadache stomachstomachache backbackache toothtoothache earearache kneesore knee throatsore throat eyesore eye footsore foot 【例5】(11年潜江中考) he have a_I cant eat anything Maybe you should see a dentistAcold Bfever Cheadache Dtoothache 6Plenty of意思是“大量的”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不
32、可数名词。一般用在肯定句中，否定句或疑问句中改为enough或many(much)。egThere is plenty of time leftIs there enough time left? 【例6】(12年山西中考)They have_ time to do that，but we dont have_ money for itAplenty of；some B1ittle；few Cplenty of；enough Da lot of；lots of【考点链接】 a lot ofplenty ofa number of (1)There are_ people in the park
33、 on Sundays (2)You should drink_ water，and have a good rest【分析比较】 a lot of：lots of表示“大量的，许多”。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plenty of与a lot of同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of表示“许多，大量的”，修饰可数名词。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2)填a lot of和plenty of都可以。 7boiled water开水boiling water在开的水 【例7】Is there any_(开水)in the pot? No，there isntSec
34、tion B 1我们所学过的系动词有look，seem，feel，sound，get，be，smell，touch等，他们后面都可以接形容词作表语，构成系表结构feel happy，sound great，smell terrible而实意动词后面是用副词去修饰sing happily，step quietly 【例8】(12年漳州中考) The meat_ deliciousI cant wait to eat it Asmells Btastes Csounds2had better(not)do sth最好(不要)做某事 【例9】(11年泉州中考) My father drank too
35、 much last night，he feels sick now Hed better_ so muchIts bad for his health Anot to drink Bdrinking Cnot drink 3Take (1)“吃喝”，有时可以用have替换take some foodtake a cup of tea (2)服(药)take some medicine (3)“take sthsbto+地点”把某物某人带到某地去，而bring是带到说话的地方来。egIll take my daughter to the zoo this Sunday (4)乘搭(交通工具)e
36、gYou should take a bus to the park (5)花费(时间，劳力)常用于句型：It takes sbsome time to do sthegIt takes us one hour to do our homework every day (6)买。I will take it 【例10】(11年鸡西中考) How long does it take your father_ to work every day About half an hour Adrives Bdriving Cto drive 4feel like sthdoing sth=would l
37、ike sthto do sth=want sthto do sth想要某东西做某事egHe didnt feel like going to school 【例11】Kate didnt feel like_(eat)because he was not well 6too many“太多”，接可数名词的复数形式。too much“太多”，接不可数名词。Much too“太”，接形容词或副词。 【例12】(12年青岛中考)These days children at school are under_ pressure that they dont have enough time to p
38、lay or exercise Amuch too Btoo much Cso many Dtoo many【考点链接】 too muchmuch totoo many (1)There ave_ mistakes in the passage(2)Eating_ candy is bad for your teeth (3)The problem is_ easy for themSection C 2Show (1)指“把给某人看”show sbsth=show sthto sb 3nothing serious“没什么严重的”，注意形容词或不定式修饰不定代词时都要后置。 【例14】The
39、re is_ in todays magazine Anew something Bnothing new Cnew nothing Danything new 4check over“给做体检，给做健康检查”，代词要放在中间。 5each和every都表示“每一”，后接单数名词。each指两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，可用作形容词或代词。而every是指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。只用作形容词。不可以说every of。egEvery boy was there and each did his parteach(1)可用作形容词，指“各自的，每一的”。egon each side of
40、the street(2)用作代词，指“各自，每一”。 7ask (sb.) for sth. “请求、恳求（给予）、征求”，如：【链接】ask forleave 请多长时间,此时，leave在这里是名词是“假期、休假”的意思。Section D 1ThanksThank you for sthdoing sth谢谢你 2notuntil直到才 【例18】(11年漳州中考) Its getting late，I must go now Its raining heavily outsideDont leave_ it stops Aafter Bwhen Cuntil 3worry about
41、 sthsb=be worried about sthsb担心某物或某人4bothand和都，既又。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。both两者都。all三者或三者以上都。either两者之一。neither两者都不。none三者或三者都不。eitheror或者或者。neithernor既不也不。not onlybut also不仅而且。其中eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also连接主语时谓语遵循就近原则。 【例19】Mrs. Turner has bought a CD player as a present，but _her son_ her daughter likes it Aeither；or Bnot only；but also Cboth；and Dneither；nor 【例20】Though our math teacher said that wasnt a difficult problem，_of the students in my class could work it out Aboth Ball Cneither Dnone单项选择 3(12年兰州中考)How much does the ticket _from Shanghai to Beijing? Acost Btake Cspend Dpay 7(12年