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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上宾语从句和状语从句的考点讲解一、 宾语从句的概念当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子被称作宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以充当及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。eg. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.I am happy that we can get there together. 二、宾语从句三要素（考点）（一）引导词1.that引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在口语、非正式文体中常被省略。She said (that) she went to the park last w
2、eek.她说她上周去公园了。2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变的肯定句时，要用if或whether引导，意为“是否” ，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚，具有一定的意义，不可省略。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。 If和whether只起到连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般情况下可互换，但if常用于口语中，whether常用于正式文体中。I want to know if /whether he is waiting for me.只能用whether不能用if的情况1）.在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should g
3、o fishing.2）.在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to go skating.3）.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4）.宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.5）. if当”如果”讲时，引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.3由疑问代词 Who, whom, whos
4、e, which, what和疑问副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句。这些引导词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。 （二）语序：陈述句语序即：主句+引导词+从句（主+谓+其他成分/主系表）当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? eg:I dont know what
5、s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?（三）时态：1、主现从任：主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”的时态时，从句的时态根据实际情况来选用，不受主句影响。 They are saying that they really like this city.2、主过从过：主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等。She asked whether I had seen her before.3、主任从现：从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时，不受主句时态限制。H
6、e told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun. 4.情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。宾语从句中考考点简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。中考题例：I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句）（2005年山东烟台）
7、I dont know what _ _ with the letter.答案与解析：答案为to do.当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。注意：if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当的时候
8、”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。中考题例：Were not sure if it _ tomorrow.If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.（2004年青海西宁）A.will snow；snows B.will snow；will snowC.snows；snows D.snows；will snow答案与解析：答案为A项。题干中前句if引导的是宾语从句，后句if引导的是条件状语从句，故选A项。状语从句的考点讲解【考点直击】时间状语从句when, as, while, before, after, since, till, notun
9、til, as soon as等连词来引导。 原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 条件状语从句if, unless（除非）,目的状语从句in order that, so that,结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, 让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever,比较状语从句asas, soas, than,地点状语从句where, wherever 【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语
10、从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。状语从句可置主语之前，也可置于主语之后。前置时，从句后用逗号与主句隔开；后置时，与主句之间无标点符号。n 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when/ as/ while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telepho
11、ne rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.l when 、as和 while的区别：1） when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
12、When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)2）While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并 且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的
13、动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）3）As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可 以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时
14、间） (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Th
15、e young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.历年中考题：( )1. Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers_people get off the bus. （2009河南）A. after B. since C. until D. when( )2. I will call you a
16、s soon as I _ the ticket to the football match. （2009陕西绥德）A. will get B. get C. got D. am getting( )3.-Its raining, DaisyPlease_ an umbrella with you. -Thanks. Ill return it to you when I_ next weekA. take, comeB. take, will come C. bring，comeD. bring, will come( )4. Peter likes reading a newspaper_
17、 he is having breakfast. (2010 .河北省卷,42. 1)A. untilB. whileC. becauseD. though( )5.Many students didnt realize the importance of study _ they left school. (2010.江苏省盐城市12. 1)A. whenB. until C. asD. after( )6.You should go over your test paper _ you hand it in . (2010.浙江A. before B. though C. because
18、D. as soon as ( )7.Scientists say it may be a few years _it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. (2010.江苏省无锡市.12. 1)A. because B. after C. beforeD .since ( )8.Mr. Brown knew nothing about the good news _his wife told it to him. (2010广西南宁32. 1）A. beforeB. after C. sinceD. if ( )9.We wont
19、 start the meeting _our teacher arrives. (2010天津A. thoughB. untilC. whileD. orn 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless=if not引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont
20、be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.l If 和when双面孔：区分if和when引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同：When引导时间状语从句的时候意为“当的时候”，引导宾语从句的时候意为“什么时候”；If 引导条件状语的时候意为“如果”，引导宾语从句意为“是否”。( )1. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow Y
21、es. But if it _, well visit the museum insteadA. you have; will rain B. you will have; will rain C. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains( )2. Do you know when he _ back tomorrow？ Sorry, I dont. When he _ back, Ill tell youA. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes D. will come;
22、will come历年中考题：( )1. Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday if it _?（2009湖北孝感） Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine ( )2. If I find his phone number, I _ you. （2009.北京）A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told
23、( )3. I bet Mrs. Black will come to help us with the celebration if she _ too busy tomorrow. （2009吉林通化）A. is B. will beC. wont beD. isnt( )4. David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it（2009深But it_ off already！The music is from the radioA. so that , has been turned B. when, has turnedC. if, has b
24、een turned D. because, has turned ( )5.I dont know if it _ tomorrow. If it _,we wont go on a picnic. (2010.四川省内江市39. 1)A. rains; ;rains B. will rain ;rains C. will rain; will rain( )6.Could we play football in your playground, Sir? (2010江苏省扬 -No, _ you have the principals note.A. if B. unlessC. beca
25、use D. since( )7.-I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. (2010山东省莱芜 -Really? _ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy, AIf BUntil CUnless DBeforen 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you
26、cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从j句多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3
27、)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。n 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：1）在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.s
28、o + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.2）在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that
29、nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 3）有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see
30、 it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema wi
31、th you.历年中考题：( )1.You have to leave now _ you can catch the early bus. (2010山东A. so thatB. as soon asC. becauseD. if( )2.-Did you catch what the teacher said? (2010青海省，宁夏，33，1）-No. She spoke so fast _ I couldnt hear her very clearly. A. which B. thatC. whenD. since( )3.The teacher speaks very loudly
32、_all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. whenn 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由（not）asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.历年中考题： ( )1. Dont laugh at her. She is _ any of the students in your class. A. as clever a student as B. as a clev
33、er student asC. so clever a student as D. so a clever student like n 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目
34、的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)n 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am
35、tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)与but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.历年中考题： ( )1. _ Switzerland is very small, _ it is the land of watch and it is very ri
36、ch. A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Because; / D. Though; / ( )2._ its difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives up. A. Though B. Unless C. Because D. If( )3.Mary spends a lot of money on clothes _ her family is not rich. A. because B. though C. if D. so( )4.Many children like fried chicken _it is unhealthy food. A. ifB. because C. althoughn 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.( )1. What should I do here？（2009湖北武汉）Just put all the things_ they were. A. where B. when C. whose D. which专心-专注-专业