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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如: Columbus proved that the earth
2、is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展:一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come, go,
3、 arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.3)在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a ni
4、ce time next week.二、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 I saw Tom in the street yesterday. 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。 (1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例
5、如: Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. (2)情态动词 could, would,例如:Could you lend me your bike?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.注意比较下列句型: It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了;该了”,例如: It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb.
6、 did sth. “时间已迟了;早该了”,例如: It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”,例如: Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for
7、seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。a. 主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。What are
8、you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意:be about to 不能与to
9、morrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will的用法之比较: 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比较:
10、be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态
11、。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如:have, belong, poss
12、ess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如:know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He l
13、oves her very much.3) 瞬间动词。如:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4) 系动词。如:seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, You seem a little tired.五、过去进行时1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有:this morning, the
14、whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过
15、去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。 六、
16、现在完成时1现在完成时的用法:(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如: I have never heard of that before. She has already finished the work. 有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句。(2)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状语连用。 如:for和since,以及 so far,
17、now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,例如: I
18、ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. (4) have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别: have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里。 试比较: He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 (人已回来,可能在这儿) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 (人已走,不在这儿)。一
19、般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately等。 现在完成时的时间状语
20、有:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。请大家认真分析比较下列各例句: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) She has returned from Paris.(她已从巴黎回来了。) She returned yesterday. (她是昨天回来了。) He has been in the
21、 League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。例如:(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别:延续动词表示经验、
22、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2) 用于till / until 从句的差异: 延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做直到” ;瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到,才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。七、过去完成时的用法1、过去完成时的用法:(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时
23、刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.(2)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.(3)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后
24、的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.(4)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.(5)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.(6)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until
25、, when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before.用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse,she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)
26、 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.八、过去将来时(一)、基本概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。 He said his mother would buy a bike for him(二)、基本形式: wouldshould动词原形(其中 would 用于各种人称, should 常用于第一人称)。例如: They were sure th
27、ey would win the final victory他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。 He didnt expect that we should(would)all be there他没想到我们都在那里。 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和 should(would)be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和 didnt expect 相对应。(三)、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式: 1wasweregoing to动词原形 He said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。 2waswereto动词原形 They said the railway
28、was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3waswere about动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。 4过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如 go,come, leave,start, open,begin 等)也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。 (四)、用法注意点: 1在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
29、例如: He said he would come to see you when he had time 他说他有时间就来看望你。 2“would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,都可用would。 When he was a child he would get up early 他年幼时,总是很早起床。 九、将来进行时(1)将来进行时概念: 表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。 Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.(2)将来进行时的用法:a) 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如: This
30、 time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。 b) 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。如: Well be having tea after dinner as usual. 像通常一样,我们晚饭后将要喝茶。 注意:将来进行时不用于表示意志,不能说 Ill be having a talk with her.(3)将来进行时常用的时间状语:soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days,
31、 tomorrow evening等。 By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.十、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 例如: By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book. 到本周末,我将读完这本书。 By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machi
32、ne. 明天这时候,他们将修好这台机器。 注意: 将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作或状态。使用这种时态时,多会涉及两个动作或状态,一个在前,一个在后;叙述前面的动作或状态,动词要用将来完成时;叙述后面的动作或状态,动词要用一般现在时。We will have completed the work before you come.We will have played ball when you come.(或 when you come, we will have played ball.)He says that he will have graduated from
33、 a university before you return home.十一、现在完成进行时的用法1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止,也可能仍然在进行着。如:I have been waiting for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。(动作不再延续下去)It has been raining for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续)“How long have you been learning English?” “I have been learning English for two years
34、.”你英语学多久了? - 我学了两年了。(动作可能延续)“Why are you so dirty?” “Ive been playing football.”你身上怎么这样脏? - 我刚才踢足球了。(动作不再延续下去)2)有些不能用现在进行时态的动词,如be,have like,love,know,see,hear等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而只能用现在完成时。如:She has been ill for a long time. 她已经病了好久了。怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的
35、则是最后的结果。如: We have been cleaning the classroom(a) We have cleaned the classroom(b)(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。又,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。Be careful! John has been painting the door(a)John has painted the door(b)(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无
36、此含义,油漆可能已干了。(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:They have been widening the road(a)They have widened the road(b)(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。 有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。如:Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978(a)Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979(b)(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。(3)
37、但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:My mother has been teaching English for twenty years(a)My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)(a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:Have you been meeting her lately?(a)Have you met
38、her lately?(b)(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:What have you been doing?(a)What have you done?(b)(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。I have been wanting to meet you for long(a)I have long wanted to meet you(b)(a)句比(b)句
39、更亲切,更有礼貌。Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly(a)Recently Mary has done her work regularly(b)(a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。(b)只说明一个事实。欢迎您的光临,Word文档下载后可修改编辑.双击可删除页眉页脚.谢谢!希望您提出您宝贵的意见,你的意见是我进步的动力。赠语; 1、如果我们做与不做都会有人笑,如果做不好与做得好还会有人笑,那么我们索性就做得更好,来给人笑吧! 2、现在你不玩命的学,以后命玩你。3、我不知道年少轻狂,我只知道胜者为王。4、不要做金钱、权利的奴隶;应学会做“金钱、权利”的主人。5、什么时候离光明最近?那就是你觉得黑暗太黑的时候。6、最值得欣赏的风景,是自己奋斗的足迹。7、压力不是有人比你努力,而是那些比你牛几倍的人依然比你努力。专心-专注-专业