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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子成分【目标要求】学习目标了解英语句子成分学习重点了解并掌握常用句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语和状语学习难点能够简单的判断英语简单句的成分并能够正确造句。【过程方法】预习导航预习前，请先思考以下问题：Q：英语中，一个句子中有哪些主要成分？这些成分分别由什么来充当？试试看，你能正确划分几个句子以下句子的成分吗？1. I like English very much . 2. It often rains in the south . 3. He looks happy today . l 定义：句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。l 分类：句子成分主要有六
2、种：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语和状语还有其他的补语、同位语，插入语等1 主语 表示句子描述的是谁或什么，是谓语的陈述对象。通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。The sun rises in the east. I am a teacher.Getting up early is a good habit.2 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任。We study English.He lives in Shanghai.3 表语 说明主语的性质或特征，由名词，形容词，副词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。We are students. She is beautiful.
3、 He is hard working.4 宾语 表示及物动词或短语的对象或内容，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。I love you.Iteach English. He bought a book.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语 I give you lessons.5 定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的，由形容词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。 This is a hard job. She is a beautiful girl.6 补语 补充说明主语或宾语的，由形容词，名词，代词担任。We made him monitor.7 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的。通常由副词
4、，不定式，分词或从句担任。 He runs fast. She is very beautiful.8同位语对前面的名词，代词做进一步的解释，由名词，形容词担任。This is Mr.zhou, our headmaster.9 插入语 对一句话做一些附加性的解释。To be honest, I dont agree with you.预习反馈1、2、探究释疑一、主 语主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是什么人或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称
5、为宾语,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,从句等做主语例子:1. 名词做主语： Our school is not far from my house. 2. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing. 3. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job need more knowledge. 4. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder. 二 、谓 语谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如： I（like）walking.我喜
6、欢走路。(一般现在时主动语态) I made your birthday cake （last night）.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态) It is used by travelers and business （people all over the world）.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态) 复合谓语可分为两种情况： 第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语： What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思？Youd better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。第二种是由系动词+表语构
7、成的复合谓语。例如： You look the same. 你(们)看起来一样.The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. 天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.三、 宾 语宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语.英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。说明，除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外，某些形容词如worth, careful等后也可有宾语。宾语有直
8、接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为双宾语。My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语，computer是直接宾语) She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。（名词作宾语）We all like him.（代词作宾语）Give me four.(数词作宾语)We all like to go to school.（不定式to go to school作like的宾语。school作to的宾 语）We all like swimming.（动名词作宾语）I think
9、 he is right.（宾语从句作宾语）He asked me what I was thinking about at that moment. (me作asked的宾语，he asked me 由what疑问代词引导的宾语从句作宾语)The book is worth reading.( 形容词worth可有宾语)四 、表 语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。一. 名词作表语Africa is a big continen
10、t.非洲是个大洲。That remains is a puzzle to me.这对我还是个难题。二. 代词作表语Whats your fax number?你的传真号是多少？Whos your best friend?你最好的朋友是谁？三. 形容词作表语I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。四. 数词作表语She was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道的人。五. 不定式或ing形式作表语Her job is selling computers.她的工作是销售电脑。Our next step was to get raw m
11、aterials ready.我们下一步是把原料准备好。六. 介词短语作表语The patient is out of danger.病人脱险了。I dont feel at ease.我感到不自在。七. 副词作表语The sun is up.太阳升起来了。I must be off now.现在我得走了。八. 从句作表语This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。不定式作表语 作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, businessThe purpose
12、 of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。Her wish is to become a singer.她的愿望是当一名歌手。Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。 五、 定 语定义：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。 充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及
13、动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词
14、或名词所有格作定语： His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语： The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语： The
15、 boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语： The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语： The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter
16、 is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。 分词（短语）作定语： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句做定语： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will
17、know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。六 、 状 语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语He speaks English
18、very well. 他英语说得非常好.2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.3.介词短语Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 4.从句作状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 状语的分类状语按其修饰的功能不同可分为八大类：时间状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，
19、结果状语，让步状语和比较状语 精练拓展一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the
20、 palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to
21、say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.1 你的故事听起来很有趣。（主语 + 系动词 + 表语）2 我感到有一点累。（主语 +
22、 系动词 + 表语）3 我妹妹是在农村长大的。（主语 + 谓语）4 这家医院创建于1950年。（主语 + 谓语）5 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）6 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）7 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）8 下学期谁教你们生物？（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）9 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）10什么促使你这样想的？（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）(make)参考答案：1. Your story sound
23、s very interesting.2. I felt a bit tired.3. My younger sister grew up in the country.4. This hospital was set up in 1950.5. He broke the traffic rule because of his driving too fast/ because he drove his car too fast.6. He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.7. By the way, has she paid you the money/the money to you?8. Who will teach you biology next term?9. He always keeps his bedroom clean.10. What made you think so? 归纳整理【学/教反思】专心-专注-专业